america and the great war
DESCRIPTION
America and the Great War. Chapter 23: Pages 604-625. Origins of Conflict. European powers were also acting in imperialistic ways Became a rivalry They also were competing for economic growth and military expansion. Alliances Form. Europe basically is divided between two sides - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
America and the Great WarChapter 23: Pages 604-625
![Page 2: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Origins of Conflict•European powers were also acting in
imperialistic ways
•Became a rivalry
•They also were competing for economic growth and military expansion
![Page 3: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Alliances Form•Europe basically is divided between two
sides
•Germany forms an alliance with the Austro-Hungarian Empire
•Great Britain and France formed an alliance with Tsarist Russia
![Page 4: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Archduke Franz Ferdinand•Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne
![Page 5: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
June 28, 1914•Archduke Ferdinand is assassinated by a
Serbian terrorist
•This causes a chain reaction of events
•Austria declares war on Serbia; Russia declares war on Austria
![Page 6: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
More Declarations•Germany declares war on Russia and
France
•Germany moved quickly and attacked France through Belgium, which was neutral
•In response, Britain declares war on Germany
![Page 7: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Allies vs. Central Powers•Allies Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and
Russia
•Central Powers Turkey, Bulgaria, Germany, Austria
•The war was a global conflict, fought not just in Europe, but also in Africa, the Middle East, and East Asia
![Page 9: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
American Attitudes•Most felt the U.S. had no interests or
reasons to get involved
•Adopted policy of Neutrality
![Page 10: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Wilson’s Proclamation•“Americans are to be neutral in thought
as well as in action”
•Neither the American people or the President were able to remain completely neutral
![Page 11: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
American Ties•Ethnic, cultural, and economic ties bound
most Americans to favor the British and French
•Most Americans also felt more of a connection to the democratic Western Allies
•Relationship with Britain was now strong, Germany was viewed as a rival
![Page 12: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Wilson’s Leanings•Admired British culture and government
•Did not trust Germany, feared a victory would threaten our economic, political, and strategic interests
•“England is fighting our fight”
![Page 13: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
View of Germany•British writers and artists went out of
their way to depict Germany as barbarians
•Talked of them mutilating nuns and babies
![Page 14: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Economy of War•According to international law, neutral
countries could sell war supplies to other nations
•Americans were hoping this conflict would kick start the American economy
![Page 16: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Quote•“War, for Europe, means devastation and
death; for America a bumper crop of new millionaires”
•British Navy prevented trade with the Central Powers so only the Allies could buy American goods
![Page 17: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Effects on Neutrality•Strengthened USA’s ties with the Allies
and made Germans angry
•Allied countries also borrowed money from the USA, over 2 billion
•All of these things linked us to the Allies and convinced Germany that American neutrality was only a formality
![Page 18: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Fake Neutrality•We allowed Britain to break certain
international neutrality laws, but would not do the same for Germany
•Boston globe said, “the British are a gang of thieves, and the Germans are a gang of murderers. On the whole, we prefer the thieves, but only as the lesser of two evils.”
![Page 19: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Declaration of London•clarified international law and specified
the rights of neutral nations
•Germany agreed to follow new laws
•Britain tried to get around the rules
![Page 21: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
British Tricks •British set up a blockade of Germany and
forced neutral ships into British ports to search their cargoes for material deemed useful to the German war effort
•British ships were intentionally flying the flag of neutral countries in order to get past the Germans
![Page 22: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
WDWK?•What did Wilson (ole’ Woodrow) know?
•He knew what was going on and chose to ignore it
•Saw any advantage to the Allies as a positive for American interests
![Page 23: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Germany’s Threat•In response to Britain's rule breaking and
Wilson’s lack of response, the Germans authorized the sinking of neutral ships
![Page 24: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Wilson’s Response•Wilson said he would hold Germany
responsible for any loss of American lives or property
![Page 25: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Lusitania
![Page 26: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
May 1915•German submarine sank the Lusitania•Killed 1198 people; 128 were Americans
![Page 27: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Why did Germany sink it?•German embassy had warned Americans
against travelling on the ship
•Germany suspected that it had been carrying weapons for Britain
•Was it?
![Page 28: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Does U.S.A enter war now?•Wilson said he must “carry out the double
wish of our people, to maintain a firm front in respect of what we demand of Germany and yet do nothing that might by any possibility involve us in the war”
![Page 29: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Wilson’s Demands of Germany•Wilson demanded that Germany abandon
its submarine campaign
•William Jennings Bryan resigned because of this, he thought requiring more of Germany than Britain violated neutrality and threatened to draw the nation into war
![Page 30: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Germany Keeps it Up•The Germans would sink another ship,
The Sussex, and Wilson threatened to end diplomatic relations with Germany
•Sussex Pledge Germany promised not to sink merchant ships without warning but only if the United States required Britain to adhere to international law
![Page 31: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Preparedness•Program to expand the armed forces and
establish universal military training
![Page 32: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Preparedness•Many Americans opposed expensive
military preparations because they were certain the United States would not get involved
•Wilson opposed it initially but reversed his position when the German submarine crisis intensified
![Page 33: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
“Peace Without Victory”•Wilson’s ultimate plan
•Strictly an American vision, neither the Allies or Central powers were interested
•What did it call for?
![Page 34: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Details of Plan•The new world order should be based on
national equality and self-determination
•arms reductions and freedom of the seas
•and an international organization to ensure peace
![Page 35: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Germany’s Plan to Win•Resumed submarine warfare
•Germany thought it could end the war by cutting the Allies off from US supplies before the US could send an army to Europe
•Wilson was now committed to a war that the people didn’t want
![Page 36: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
“Armed Neutrality”•Wilson ordered armed merchant ships
and ordered naval gun crews to shoot submarines on sight
•Called his policy “armed neutrality”
![Page 37: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The Zimmermann Note
![Page 38: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Zimmermann Note•Wilson released an intercepted message
from the German foreign minister, Arthur Zimmermann, to the German minister in Mexico
![Page 39: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Wanted to Make a Deal•It proposed that in the event of war
between the United States and Germany, Mexico should ally itself with Germany
•In exchange, Mexico would recover its “lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.”
![Page 40: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Note Was Intercepted•This produced a wave of hostility toward
Germany and increased support for invention in the war
![Page 41: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
One other Event•Another separate even made entry to war
more realistic
•There was a revolution in Russia that overthrew the tsarist regime and established a provisional government. Russia was now a “fit partner” for the United States
![Page 42: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
April 2, 1917•Wilson declared that neutrality was no
longer possible given Germany’s submarine warfare against mankind
![Page 43: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Declaration Passes•Senate passed the war resolution 82 to 6
and the House 373 to 50 and on April 6, 1917, the US officially entered the Great War
![Page 44: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Organizations, Financing, and Oversight
•See Handout
![Page 45: America and the Great War](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070421/5681613b550346895dd09d2d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
The War to End all Wars