amercian civil war
DESCRIPTION
Ppt presentation on the American Civil WarTRANSCRIPT
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The American Civil War
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Introduction
United States of America were born in 1783, after an Independence War against Britain which
started in 1776 (Declaration of Independence)
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Introduction
The new country expanded towards the
West by conquering lands where Indian Americans lived for centuries under
other European or American powers
sovereignty
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Introduction
Even from the Independence,
there were strong
differences between North
and South
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Introduction
The North, more populated and industrialised,
opposed slavery and wanted to «preserve the
Union»
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Introduction
The South, with abundant slave
black population that worked in the
cotton fields, wanted to
maintain slavery and secede from the United States
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The war
Bloody and violent war
which devastated the US. More than 600.000 people died either in
battle or disease
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The beginnings
In the Northern states a growing
anti-slavery opinion
demanded the abolition of
slavery in the US
Urban Industry and Trade based
on free workforce
Rural Agriculture based on
slave work
In favour of a more unified
Union
In favour of more political power for the
States
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The Compromise of 1850
• California, free state
• Territories of New Mexico and Utah
• Border issues between Texas and Mexico settled
• Slavery banned in Washington D.C.
• The Fugitive Slave Law
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The Compromise of 1850
• Slaves who escaped to the North must be sent back to their masters
• This law changed the atmosphere regarding slavery in the North, encouragin the abolitionist movement
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The Compromise of 1850
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Regional Division, Political Unrest and the Elections of 1860
• Growing political unrest on the slavery issue
• Violent incidents
• Election campaign of 1860
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Regional Division, Political Unrest and the Elections of 1860
• Republican Party (Abraham Lincoln): abolition and stronger central government
• Democratic Party: States should decide on slavery issue (maintaining slavery in the South)
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Regional Division, Political Unrest and the Elections of 1860
• Abraham Lincoln and Republicans’ victory triggered the secession (separation) of several southern states.
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Regional Division, Political Unrest and the Elections of 1860
• These states formed the Confederate States of America, the Confederacy which fought the Union (23 northern and some western states)
• Border Slave States: supported slavery and favoured the Confederacy but did not secede from the Union
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The War (1861-1865)
• Battle of Fort Sumter 1861 – the beginning
• Extremely cruel war (600.000 people were killed, not including Native Americans)
• 179.000 African Americans fought in both sides. 40.000 of them died.
• «War of attrition»: relentless, bloody war until the complete exhaution of materials and soldiers of one side
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The War (1861-1865)
The main figures of the war:• Ulysses S. Grant,
the most prominent Union general
• Robert E. Lee, one of the principle Confederate generals
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The battles:• Antietam, 1862.
The Northern army kept the Confederate army from further advancing to the North
• Gettysburg, 1863. The Union started winning the war. The higher number of casualties.
The War (1861-1865)
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The War (1861-1865)
The Gettysburg address: • The most famous of
Abraham Lincoln’s speeches
• The Union Army was fighting for a new country in «which equality and central government would reign»
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The end of the American Civil War and the assassination of Abraham Lincoln
• The fall of Atlanta(july 1865)
• «The March to the sea» from Atlanta to Savannah
• Batle of Five Forks (april 1865)
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The end of the American Civil War and the assassination of Abraham Lincoln
• The Union was maintained
• 13th Amendment to the US Constitution: Abolition of slavery
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The end of the American Civil War and the assassination of Abraham Lincoln
• Actually, the restoration of African Americans human and civil rights proved to be vey complicated
• Shortly, segregation substituted slavery in the Southern States of the former Confederacy
• "Jim Crow" had become a pejorative expression meaning "Negro" by 1838, before the war
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The end of the American Civil War and the assassination of Abraham Lincoln
• The «Jim Crow» laws were passed in southern states from 1875 to 1965
• They mandated racial segregation in all public facilities
• The separation in practice led to inferior conditions for African Americans, systematizing a number of economic, educational and social disadvantages.
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The end of the American Civil War and the assassination of Abraham Lincoln
• The best example of the difficulties of bringing racial equality in the US was the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865 by John Wilkes, a supporter of slavery and the Confederacy