amateur radio practices 1 g4 - amateur radio practices [5 questions - 5 groups] g4atwo-tone test;...

Amateur Radio Practices1

G4 - AMATEUR RADIO PRACTICES G4 - AMATEUR RADIO PRACTICES [5 Questions - 5 groups][5 Questions - 5 groups]

G4AG4A Two-tone Test; amplifier tuning and Two-tone Test; amplifier tuning and neutralization; DSP neutralization; DSP

G4BG4B Test and monitoring equipmentTest and monitoring equipment

G4CG4C Interference with consumer electronics; Interference with consumer electronics; groundinggrounding

G4DG4D Speech processors; S meters; common Speech processors; S meters; common connectors connectors

G4EG4E HF mobile radio installations; emergency and HF mobile radio installations; emergency and battery powered operation battery powered operation


Icom IC-756ProIII IF DSP ReceiverIcom IC-756ProIII IF DSP Receiver

G4A Two-tone testG4A Two-tone test

• An oscilloscope may be used to measure the An oscilloscope may be used to measure the output of a single-sideband transmitter when output of a single-sideband transmitter when performing a two-tone test of amplitude performing a two-tone test of amplitude linearitylinearity

• Transmitter linearity performance is analyzed Transmitter linearity performance is analyzed by a two-tone testby a two-tone test

• Two non-harmonically related audio signals Two non-harmonically related audio signals are used to conduct a two-tone testare used to conduct a two-tone test


G4A Amplifier tuning and neutralizationG4A Amplifier tuning and neutralization

• Vacuum tube RF power amplifierVacuum tube RF power amplifier• A pronounced dip on the plate current meter A pronounced dip on the plate current meter

reading indicates correct adjustment of the plate reading indicates correct adjustment of the plate tuning controltuning control

• The correct adjustment for the “Loading” or The correct adjustment for the “Loading” or “Coupling” control is maximum power output “Coupling” control is maximum power output without exceeding maximum allowable plate without exceeding maximum allowable plate currentcurrent

• A technique called, A technique called, Negative feedbackNegative feedback, is , is used to neutralize an RF amplifierused to neutralize an RF amplifier

• A neutralizing circuit cancels the effects of A neutralizing circuit cancels the effects of positive feedback in an RF amplifierpositive feedback in an RF amplifier

• The reason for neutralizing the final stage of The reason for neutralizing the final stage of a transmitter is to eliminate self oscillationsa transmitter is to eliminate self oscillations


G4A Digital Signal Processing (DSP)G4A Digital Signal Processing (DSP)• One use for a DSP in an amateur station One use for a DSP in an amateur station is to is to

remove noise from received signalsremove noise from received signals• The following is needed for a DSP IF filter The following is needed for a DSP IF filter

• An Analog to Digital ConverterAn Analog to Digital Converter• Digital to Analog ConverterDigital to Analog Converter• A Digital Processor ChipA Digital Processor Chip

• An advantage of a receiver IF filter created with a An advantage of a receiver IF filter created with a DSP as compared to an analog filter DSP as compared to an analog filter is a wide range is a wide range of filter band widths and shapes can be createdof filter band widths and shapes can be created

• DSP filtering is accomplished by converting the DSP filtering is accomplished by converting the signal from analog to digital and using digital signal from analog to digital and using digital processingprocessing

• A DSP filter performs automatic notching of A DSP filter performs automatic notching of interfering carriersinterfering carriers


G4B Test and monitoring equipmentG4B Test and monitoring equipment

• A Signal tracer – A Signal tracer – may normally be used to may normally be used to identify an inoperative stage receiveridentify an inoperative stage receiver

• Dip meter – Dip meter – one measurement that can be made one measurement that can be made is the resonant frequency of a circuitis the resonant frequency of a circuit

• Antenna analyzer –Antenna analyzer – an antenna and feedline an antenna and feedline must be connected to it when it is being used for must be connected to it when it is being used for SWR measurementsSWR measurements

• Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) – Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) – can be measured can be measured with a directional wattmeterwith a directional wattmeter

• The power output of a transmitter must be raised The power output of a transmitter must be raised approximately approximately 4 times (~4x) 4 times (~4x) to change the “S” to change the “S” meter reading on a distant receiver from S8 to S9meter reading on a distant receiver from S8 to S9



G4A01 Which of the following is one G4A01 Which of the following is one use for a DSP in an amateur station?use for a DSP in an amateur station?

A.A. To provide adequate groundingTo provide adequate grounding

B.B. To remove noise from received signalsTo remove noise from received signals

C.C. To increase antenna gainTo increase antenna gain

D.D. To increase antenna bandwidthTo increase antenna bandwidth


G4A01 Which of the following is one G4A01 Which of the following is one use for a DSP in an amateur station?use for a DSP in an amateur station?

A.A. To provide adequate groundingTo provide adequate grounding

B.B. To remove noise from received signalsTo remove noise from received signalsC.C. To increase antenna gainTo increase antenna gain

D.D. To increase antenna bandwidthTo increase antenna bandwidth


OscilloscopeOscilloscope


Audio DistortionAudio Distortion


G4A02 Which of the following G4A02 Which of the following instruments may be used to measure instruments may be used to measure the output of a single-sideband the output of a single-sideband transmitter when performing a two-transmitter when performing a two-tone test of amplitude linearity?tone test of amplitude linearity?

A.A. An audio distortion analyzerAn audio distortion analyzer

B.B. An oscilloscopeAn oscilloscope

C.C. A directional wattmeterA directional wattmeter

D.D. A high impedance audio voltmeterA high impedance audio voltmeter


G4A02 Which of the following G4A02 Which of the following instruments may be used to measure instruments may be used to measure the output of a single-sideband the output of a single-sideband transmitter when performing a two-transmitter when performing a two-tone test of amplitude linearity?tone test of amplitude linearity?

A.A. An audio distortion analyzerAn audio distortion analyzer

B.B. An oscilloscopeAn oscilloscopeC.C. A directional wattmeterA directional wattmeter

D.D. A high impedance audio voltmeterA high impedance audio voltmeter


G4A03 Which of the following is needed G4A03 Which of the following is needed for a DSP IF filter?for a DSP IF filter?

A.A. An Analog to Digital ConverterAn Analog to Digital Converter

B.B. Digital to Analog ConverterDigital to Analog Converter

C.C. A Digital Processor ChipA Digital Processor Chip

D.D. All of the these answers are correctAll of the these answers are correct


G4A04 Which of the following is an G4A04 Which of the following is an advantage of a receiver IF filter created advantage of a receiver IF filter created with a DSP as compared to an analog with a DSP as compared to an analog filter?filter?

A.A. A wide range of filter bandwidths and shapes can be A wide range of filter bandwidths and shapes can be createdcreated

B.B. Fewer digital components are requiredFewer digital components are required

C.C. Mixing products are greatly reducedMixing products are greatly reduced

D.D. The DSP filter is much more effective at VHF The DSP filter is much more effective at VHF frequenciesfrequencies


G4A04 Which of the following is an G4A04 Which of the following is an advantage of a receiver IF filter created advantage of a receiver IF filter created with a DSP as compared to an analog with a DSP as compared to an analog filter?filter?

A.A. A wide range of filter bandwidths and A wide range of filter bandwidths and shapes can be createdshapes can be created

B.B. Fewer digital components are requiredFewer digital components are required

C.C. Mixing products are greatly reducedMixing products are greatly reduced

D.D. The DSP filter is much more effective at VHF The DSP filter is much more effective at VHF frequenciesfrequencies


G4A05 How is DSP filtering G4A05 How is DSP filtering accomplished?accomplished?

A.A. By using direct signal phasingBy using direct signal phasing

B.B. By converting the signal from analog to digital and By converting the signal from analog to digital and using digital processingusing digital processing

C.C. By up-converting the signal to VHFBy up-converting the signal to VHF

D.D. By converting the signal from digital to analog and By converting the signal from digital to analog and taking the difference of mixing productstaking the difference of mixing products


G4A05 How is DSP filtering G4A05 How is DSP filtering accomplished?accomplished?

A.A. By using direct signal phasingBy using direct signal phasing

B.B. By converting the signal from analog to By converting the signal from analog to digital and using digital processingdigital and using digital processing

C.C. By up-converting the signal to VHFBy up-converting the signal to VHF

D.D. By converting the signal from digital to analog and By converting the signal from digital to analog and taking the difference of mixing productstaking the difference of mixing products


Linear AmplifierLinear Amplifier


G4A06 What reading on the plate G4A06 What reading on the plate current meter of a vacuum tube RF current meter of a vacuum tube RF power amplifier indicates correct power amplifier indicates correct adjustment of the plate tuning control?adjustment of the plate tuning control?

A.A. A pronounced peakA pronounced peak

B.B. A pronounced dipA pronounced dip

C.C. No change will be observedNo change will be observed

D.D. A slow, rhythmic oscillationA slow, rhythmic oscillation


G4A06 What reading on the plate G4A06 What reading on the plate current meter of a vacuum tube RF current meter of a vacuum tube RF power amplifier indicates correct power amplifier indicates correct adjustment of the plate tuning control?adjustment of the plate tuning control?

A.A. A pronounced peakA pronounced peak

B.B. A pronounced dipA pronounced dipC.C. No change will be observedNo change will be observed

D.D. A slow, rhythmic oscillationA slow, rhythmic oscillation


G4A07 What is the correct adjustment G4A07 What is the correct adjustment for the "Load" or "Coupling" control of a for the "Load" or "Coupling" control of a vacuum tube RF power amplifier?vacuum tube RF power amplifier?

A.A. Minimum SWR on the antennaMinimum SWR on the antenna

B.B. Minimum plate current without exceeding Minimum plate current without exceeding maximum allowable grid currentmaximum allowable grid current

C.C. Highest plate voltage while minimizing grid currentHighest plate voltage while minimizing grid current

D.D. Maximum power output without exceeding Maximum power output without exceeding maximum allowable plate currentmaximum allowable plate current


G4A08 Which of the following G4A08 Which of the following techniques is used to neutralize an RF techniques is used to neutralize an RF amplifier?amplifier?

A.A. Feed-forward compensationFeed-forward compensation

B.B. Feed-forward cancellationFeed-forward cancellation

C.C. Negative feedbackNegative feedback

D.D. Positive feedbackPositive feedback


G4A08 Which of the following G4A08 Which of the following techniques is used to neutralize an RF techniques is used to neutralize an RF amplifier?amplifier?

A.A. Feed-forward compensationFeed-forward compensation

B.B. Feed-forward cancellationFeed-forward cancellation

C.C. Negative feedbackNegative feedbackD.D. Positive feedbackPositive feedback


G4A09 What does a neutralizing circuit G4A09 What does a neutralizing circuit do in an RF amplifier?do in an RF amplifier?

A.A. It controls differential gainIt controls differential gain

B.B. It cancels the effects of positive feedbackIt cancels the effects of positive feedback

C.C. It eliminates AC hum from the power supplyIt eliminates AC hum from the power supply

D.D. It reduces incidental grid modulationIt reduces incidental grid modulation


G4A09 What does a neutralizing circuit G4A09 What does a neutralizing circuit do in an RF amplifier?do in an RF amplifier?

A.A. It controls differential gainIt controls differential gain

B.B. It cancels the effects of positive feedbackIt cancels the effects of positive feedbackC.C. It eliminates AC hum from the power supplyIt eliminates AC hum from the power supply

D.D. It reduces incidental grid modulationIt reduces incidental grid modulation


G4A10 What is the reason for G4A10 What is the reason for neutralizing the final amplifier stage of neutralizing the final amplifier stage of a transmitter?a transmitter?

A.A. To limit the modulation indexTo limit the modulation index

B.B. To eliminate self oscillationsTo eliminate self oscillations

C.C. To cut off the final amplifier during standby periodsTo cut off the final amplifier during standby periods

D.D. To keep the carrier on frequencyTo keep the carrier on frequency


G4A10 What is the reason for G4A10 What is the reason for neutralizing the final amplifier stage of neutralizing the final amplifier stage of a transmitter?a transmitter?

A.A. To limit the modulation indexTo limit the modulation index

B.B. To eliminate self oscillationsTo eliminate self oscillationsC.C. To cut off the final amplifier during standby periodsTo cut off the final amplifier during standby periods

D.D. To keep the carrier on frequencyTo keep the carrier on frequency


G4A11 What type of transmitter G4A11 What type of transmitter performance does a two-tone test performance does a two-tone test analyze?analyze?

A.A. LinearityLinearity

B.B. Carrier and undesired sideband suppressionCarrier and undesired sideband suppression

C.C. Percentage of frequency modulationPercentage of frequency modulation

D.D. Percentage of carrier phase shiftPercentage of carrier phase shift


G4A11 What type of transmitter G4A11 What type of transmitter performance does a two-tone test performance does a two-tone test analyze?analyze?

A.A. LinearityLinearityB.B. Carrier and undesired sideband suppressionCarrier and undesired sideband suppression

C.C. Percentage of frequency modulationPercentage of frequency modulation

D.D. Percentage of carrier phase shiftPercentage of carrier phase shift


G4A12 What type of signals are used to G4A12 What type of signals are used to conduct a two-tone test?conduct a two-tone test?

A.A. Two audio signals of the same frequency shifted 90-Two audio signals of the same frequency shifted 90-degreesdegrees

B.B. Two non-harmonically related audio signalsTwo non-harmonically related audio signals

C.C. Two swept frequency tonesTwo swept frequency tones

D.D. Two audio frequency range square wave signals of Two audio frequency range square wave signals of equal amplitudeequal amplitude


G4A12 What type of signals are used to G4A12 What type of signals are used to conduct a two-tone test?conduct a two-tone test?

A.A. Two audio signals of the same frequency shifted 90-Two audio signals of the same frequency shifted 90-degreesdegrees

B.B. Two non-harmonically related audio Two non-harmonically related audio signalssignals

C.C. Two swept frequency tonesTwo swept frequency tones

D.D. Two audio frequency range square wave signals of Two audio frequency range square wave signals of equal amplitudeequal amplitude


G4A13 Which of the following performs G4A13 Which of the following performs automatic notching of interfering automatic notching of interfering carriers?carriers?

A.A. Band pass tuningBand pass tuning

B.B. A DSP filterA DSP filter

C.C. Balanced mixingBalanced mixing

D.D. A noise limiterA noise limiter


G4A13 Which of the following performs G4A13 Which of the following performs automatic notching of interfering automatic notching of interfering carriers?carriers?

A.A. Band pass tuningBand pass tuning

B.B. A DSP filterA DSP filterC.C. Balanced mixingBalanced mixing

D.D. A noise limiterA noise limiter

G4B OscilloscopeG4B Oscilloscope

• Has a horizontal and vertical channel amplifierHas a horizontal and vertical channel amplifier• Monitoring oscilloscopeMonitoring oscilloscope

• Is the best instrument to use to check the keying Is the best instrument to use to check the keying waveform of a CW transmitterwaveform of a CW transmitter

• The signal connected to the vertical input when The signal connected to the vertical input when checking the quality of a transmitted signal is the checking the quality of a transmitted signal is the attenuated RF output of the transmitterattenuated RF output of the transmitter

• An advantage of an oscilloscope versus a digital An advantage of an oscilloscope versus a digital voltmeter is that complex waveforms can be voltmeter is that complex waveforms can be measuresmeasures


G4B Voltmeter and Noise BridgeG4B Voltmeter and Noise Bridge

• VoltmeterVoltmeter• An advantage of a digital voltmeter as compared to An advantage of a digital voltmeter as compared to

an analog voltmeter is significantly better precision an analog voltmeter is significantly better precision for most usesfor most uses

• High input impedance is desirable to decrease the High input impedance is desirable to decrease the loading on circuits being measuredloading on circuits being measured

• Noise BridgeNoise Bridge• Normally connected between a receiver and an Normally connected between a receiver and an

antenna of unknown impedance and is adjusted for antenna of unknown impedance and is adjusted for minimum noiseminimum noise

• Can be used for pre-tuning an antenna tunerCan be used for pre-tuning an antenna tuner


G4B Field Strength MeterG4B Field Strength Meter

• May be used to monitor relative RF output when May be used to monitor relative RF output when making antenna and transmitter adjustmentsmaking antenna and transmitter adjustments

• Can be used to determine the radiation pattern of Can be used to determine the radiation pattern of an antennaan antenna

• Can be used in close-in radio direction-findingCan be used in close-in radio direction-finding



G4B01 What item of test equipment G4B01 What item of test equipment contains horizontal and vertical channel contains horizontal and vertical channel amplifiers?amplifiers?

A.A. An ohmmeterAn ohmmeter

B.B. A signal generatorA signal generator

C.C. An ammeterAn ammeter

D.D. An oscilloscopeAn oscilloscope


G4B02 Which of the following is an G4B02 Which of the following is an advantage of an oscilloscope versus a advantage of an oscilloscope versus a digital voltmeter?digital voltmeter?

A.A. An oscilloscope uses less powerAn oscilloscope uses less power

B.B. Complex impedances can be easily measuredComplex impedances can be easily measured

C.C. Input impedance is much lowerInput impedance is much lower

D.D. Complex waveforms can be measuredComplex waveforms can be measured


G4B03 How would a signal tracer G4B03 How would a signal tracer normally be used?normally be used?

A.A. To identify the source of radio transmissionsTo identify the source of radio transmissions

B.B. To make exact drawings of signal waveformsTo make exact drawings of signal waveforms

C.C. To show standing wave patterns on open-wire feed-To show standing wave patterns on open-wire feed-lineslines

D.D. To identify an inoperative stage in a receiverTo identify an inoperative stage in a receiver


G4B03 How would a signal tracer G4B03 How would a signal tracer normally be used?normally be used?

A.A. To identify the source of radio transmissionsTo identify the source of radio transmissions

B.B. To make exact drawings of signal waveformsTo make exact drawings of signal waveforms

C.C. To show standing wave patterns on open-wire feed-To show standing wave patterns on open-wire feed-lineslines

D.D. To identify an inoperative stage in a To identify an inoperative stage in a receiverreceiver


G4B04 How is a noise bridge normally G4B04 How is a noise bridge normally used?used?

A.A. It is connected at an antenna's feed point and reads It is connected at an antenna's feed point and reads the antenna's noise figurethe antenna's noise figure

B.B. It is connected between a transmitter and an It is connected between a transmitter and an antenna and tuned for minimum SWRantenna and tuned for minimum SWR

C.C. It is connected between a receiver and an antenna It is connected between a receiver and an antenna of unknown impedance and is adjusted for of unknown impedance and is adjusted for minimum noiseminimum noise

D.D. It is connected between an antenna and ground and It is connected between an antenna and ground and tuned for minimum SWRtuned for minimum SWR


G4B04 How is a noise bridge normally G4B04 How is a noise bridge normally used?used?

A.A. It is connected at an antenna's feed point and reads It is connected at an antenna's feed point and reads the antenna's noise figurethe antenna's noise figure

B.B. It is connected between a transmitter and an It is connected between a transmitter and an antenna and tuned for minimum SWRantenna and tuned for minimum SWR

C.C. It is connected between a receiver and an It is connected between a receiver and an antenna of unknown impedance and is adjusted antenna of unknown impedance and is adjusted for minimum noisefor minimum noise

D.D. It is connected between an antenna and ground and It is connected between an antenna and ground and tuned for minimum SWRtuned for minimum SWR


G4B05 Which of the following is the G4B05 Which of the following is the best instrument to use to check the best instrument to use to check the keying waveform of a CW transmitter?keying waveform of a CW transmitter?

A.A. A monitoring oscilloscopeA monitoring oscilloscope

B.B. A field-strength meterA field-strength meter

C.C. A sidetone monitorA sidetone monitor

D.D. A wavemeterA wavemeter


G4B05 Which of the following is the G4B05 Which of the following is the best instrument to use to check the best instrument to use to check the keying waveform of a CW transmitter?keying waveform of a CW transmitter?

A.A. A monitoring oscilloscopeA monitoring oscilloscopeB.B. A field-strength meterA field-strength meter

C.C. A sidetone monitorA sidetone monitor

D.D. A wavemeterA wavemeter


G4B06 What signal source is connected G4B06 What signal source is connected to the vertical input of a monitoring to the vertical input of a monitoring oscilloscope when checking the quality oscilloscope when checking the quality of a transmitted signal?of a transmitted signal?

A.A. The local oscillator of the transmitterThe local oscillator of the transmitter

B.B. The audio input of the transmitterThe audio input of the transmitter

C.C. The transmitter balanced mixer outputThe transmitter balanced mixer output

D.D. The attenuated RF output of the transmitterThe attenuated RF output of the transmitter


G4B06 What signal source is connected G4B06 What signal source is connected to the vertical input of a monitoring to the vertical input of a monitoring oscilloscope when checking the quality oscilloscope when checking the quality of a transmitted signal?of a transmitted signal?

A.A. The local oscillator of the transmitterThe local oscillator of the transmitter

B.B. The audio input of the transmitterThe audio input of the transmitter

C.C. The transmitter balanced mixer outputThe transmitter balanced mixer output

D.D. The attenuated RF output of the The attenuated RF output of the transmittertransmitter


G4B07 What is an advantage of a G4B07 What is an advantage of a digital voltmeter as compared to an digital voltmeter as compared to an analog voltmeter?analog voltmeter?

A.A. Better for measuring computer circuitsBetter for measuring computer circuits

B.B. Better for RF measurementsBetter for RF measurements

C.C. Significantly better precision for most usesSignificantly better precision for most uses

D.D. Faster responseFaster response


G4B07 What is an advantage of a G4B07 What is an advantage of a digital voltmeter as compared to an digital voltmeter as compared to an analog voltmeter?analog voltmeter?

A.A. Better for measuring computer circuitsBetter for measuring computer circuits

B.B. Better for RF measurementsBetter for RF measurements

C.C. Significantly better precision for most Significantly better precision for most usesuses

D.D. Faster responseFaster response


Field Strength MeterField Strength Meter


G4B08 What instrument may be used to G4B08 What instrument may be used to monitor relative RF output when monitor relative RF output when making antenna and transmitter making antenna and transmitter adjustments?adjustments?

A.A. A field-strength meterA field-strength meter

B.B. An antenna noise bridgeAn antenna noise bridge

C.C. A multimeterA multimeter

D.D. A Q meterA Q meter


G4B08 What instrument may be used to G4B08 What instrument may be used to monitor relative RF output when monitor relative RF output when making antenna and transmitter making antenna and transmitter adjustments?adjustments?

A.A. A field-strength meterA field-strength meterB.B. An antenna noise bridgeAn antenna noise bridge

C.C. A multimeterA multimeter

D.D. A Q meterA Q meter


Decibel MultipliersDecibel Multipliers

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Decibel (dB)

Mu

ltip

lier


G4B09 How much must the power G4B09 How much must the power output of a transmitter be raised to output of a transmitter be raised to change the "S" meter reading on a change the "S" meter reading on a distant receiver from S8 to S9?distant receiver from S8 to S9?

A.A. Approximately 2 timesApproximately 2 times

B.B. Approximately 3 timesApproximately 3 times

C.C. Approximately 4 timesApproximately 4 times

D.D. Approximately 5 timesApproximately 5 times


G4B09 How much must the power G4B09 How much must the power output of a transmitter be raised to output of a transmitter be raised to change the "S" meter reading on a change the "S" meter reading on a distant receiver from S8 to S9?distant receiver from S8 to S9?

A.A. Approximately 2 timesApproximately 2 times

B.B. Approximately 3 timesApproximately 3 times

C.C. Approximately 4 timesApproximately 4 timesD.D. Approximately 5 timesApproximately 5 times


G4B10 Which of the following can be G4B10 Which of the following can be determined with a field strength meter?determined with a field strength meter?

A.A. The radiation resistance of an antennaThe radiation resistance of an antenna

B.B. The radiation pattern of an antennaThe radiation pattern of an antenna

C.C. The presence and amount of phase distortion of a The presence and amount of phase distortion of a transmittertransmitter

D.D. The presence and amount of amplitude distortion of The presence and amount of amplitude distortion of a transmittera transmitter


G4B10 Which of the following can be G4B10 Which of the following can be determined with a field strength meter?determined with a field strength meter?

A.A. The radiation resistance of an antennaThe radiation resistance of an antenna

B.B. The radiation pattern of an antennaThe radiation pattern of an antennaC.C. The presence and amount of phase distortion of a The presence and amount of phase distortion of a

transmittertransmitter

D.D. The presence and amount of amplitude distortion of The presence and amount of amplitude distortion of a transmittera transmitter


G4B11 Which of the following might be G4B11 Which of the following might be a use for a field strength meter?a use for a field strength meter?

A.A. Close-in radio direction-findingClose-in radio direction-finding

B.B. A modulation monitor for a frequency or phase A modulation monitor for a frequency or phase modulation transmittermodulation transmitter

C.C. An overmodulation indicator for a SSB transmitterAn overmodulation indicator for a SSB transmitter

D.D. A keying indicator for a RTTY or packet transmitterA keying indicator for a RTTY or packet transmitter


G4B11 Which of the following might be G4B11 Which of the following might be a use for a field strength meter?a use for a field strength meter?

A.A. Close-in radio direction-findingClose-in radio direction-findingB.B. A modulation monitor for a frequency or phase A modulation monitor for a frequency or phase

modulation transmittermodulation transmitter

C.C. An overmodulation indicator for a SSB transmitterAn overmodulation indicator for a SSB transmitter

D.D. A keying indicator for a RTTY or packet transmitterA keying indicator for a RTTY or packet transmitter


G4B12 What is one way a noise bridge G4B12 What is one way a noise bridge might be used?might be used?

A.A. Determining an antenna's gain in dBiDetermining an antenna's gain in dBi

B.B. Pre-tuning an antenna tunerPre-tuning an antenna tuner

C.C. Pre-tuning a linear amplifierPre-tuning a linear amplifier

D.D. Determining the line loss of the antenna systemDetermining the line loss of the antenna system


G4B12 What is one way a noise bridge G4B12 What is one way a noise bridge might be used?might be used?

A.A. Determining an antenna's gain in dBiDetermining an antenna's gain in dBi

B.B. Pre-tuning an antenna tunerPre-tuning an antenna tunerC.C. Pre-tuning a linear amplifierPre-tuning a linear amplifier

D.D. Determining the line loss of the antenna systemDetermining the line loss of the antenna system


G4B13 What is one measurement that G4B13 What is one measurement that can be made with a dip meter?can be made with a dip meter?

A.A. The resonant frequency of a circuitThe resonant frequency of a circuit

B.B. The tilt of the ionosphereThe tilt of the ionosphere

C.C. The gain of an antennaThe gain of an antenna

D.D. The notch depth of a filterThe notch depth of a filter


G4B13 What is one measurement that G4B13 What is one measurement that can be made with a dip meter?can be made with a dip meter?

A.A. The resonant frequency of a circuitThe resonant frequency of a circuitB.B. The tilt of the ionosphereThe tilt of the ionosphere

C.C. The gain of an antennaThe gain of an antenna

D.D. The notch depth of a filterThe notch depth of a filter


G4B14 Which of the following must be G4B14 Which of the following must be connected to an antenna analyzer when connected to an antenna analyzer when it is being used for SWR it is being used for SWR measurements?measurements?

A.A. ReceiverReceiver

B.B. TransmitterTransmitter

C.C. Antenna and feedlineAntenna and feedline

D.D. All of these answers are correctAll of these answers are correct


G4B14 Which of the following must be G4B14 Which of the following must be connected to an antenna analyzer when connected to an antenna analyzer when it is being used for SWR it is being used for SWR measurements?measurements?

A.A. ReceiverReceiver

B.B. TransmitterTransmitter

C.C. Antenna and feedlineAntenna and feedlineD.D. All of these answers are correctAll of these answers are correct


G4B15 Which of the following can be G4B15 Which of the following can be measured with a directional wattmeter?measured with a directional wattmeter?

A.A. Standing Wave RatioStanding Wave Ratio

B.B. Antenna front-to-back ratioAntenna front-to-back ratio

C.C. RF interferenceRF interference

D.D. Radio wave propagationRadio wave propagation


G4B15 Which of the following can be G4B15 Which of the following can be measured with a directional wattmeter?measured with a directional wattmeter?

A.A. Standing Wave RatioStanding Wave RatioB.B. Antenna front-to-back ratioAntenna front-to-back ratio

C.C. RF interferenceRF interference

D.D. Radio wave propagationRadio wave propagation


G4B16 Why is high input impedance G4B16 Why is high input impedance desirable for a voltmeter?desirable for a voltmeter?

A.A. It improves the frequency responseIt improves the frequency response

B.B. It decreases battery consumption in the meterIt decreases battery consumption in the meter

C.C. It improves the resolution of the readingsIt improves the resolution of the readings

D.D. It decreases the loading on circuits being measuredIt decreases the loading on circuits being measured


G4B16 Why is high input impedance G4B16 Why is high input impedance desirable for a voltmeter?desirable for a voltmeter?

A.A. It improves the frequency responseIt improves the frequency response

B.B. It decreases battery consumption in the meterIt decreases battery consumption in the meter

C.C. It improves the resolution of the readingsIt improves the resolution of the readings

D.D. It decreases the loading on circuits being It decreases the loading on circuits being measuredmeasured

G4C Interference with consumer G4C Interference with consumer electronicselectronics

• Bypass capacitor – Bypass capacitor – useful in reducing RF useful in reducing RF interference to audio-frequency devicesinterference to audio-frequency devices

• RFI filter at the affected telephone – RFI filter at the affected telephone – should be should be installed if a properly operating amateur station is installed if a properly operating amateur station is interfering with a nearby telephoneinterfering with a nearby telephone

• Public address systemPublic address system• Distorted speech is heard if there is interference Distorted speech is heard if there is interference

from a nearby single-sideband phone transmitterfrom a nearby single-sideband phone transmitter• On-and-off humming or clicking is the effect if there On-and-off humming or clicking is the effect if there

is interference from nearby CW transmitteris interference from nearby CW transmitter


G4C Interference with consumer G4C Interference with consumer electronicselectronicscont’dcont’d

• Ferrite beads – Ferrite beads – act as a series inductor when act as a series inductor when placed around audio cables to reduce common placed around audio cables to reduce common mode RF interferencemode RF interference

• Induced currents in conductors that are in Induced currents in conductors that are in poor electrical contact – poor electrical contact – can cause unintended can cause unintended rectification of RF signal energy and can result in rectification of RF signal energy and can result in interference to your station as well as nearby radio interference to your station as well as nearby radio and TV receiversand TV receivers

• Arcing at a poor electrical connection – Arcing at a poor electrical connection – is one is one cause of broadband radio frequency interference at cause of broadband radio frequency interference at an amateur radio stationan amateur radio station


G4C GroundingG4C Grounding

• The ground wire might be resonant – The ground wire might be resonant – if you if you receive an RF burn when touching your equipment receive an RF burn when touching your equipment while transmitting on an HF band, assuming the while transmitting on an HF band, assuming the equipment is connected to a ground rodequipment is connected to a ground rod

• Important reasons to have a good station Important reasons to have a good station ground:ground:• To reduce the likelihood of RF burnsTo reduce the likelihood of RF burns• To reduce the likelihood of electrical shockTo reduce the likelihood of electrical shock• To reduce interferenceTo reduce interference


G4C Grounding cont’d G4C Grounding cont’d

• Keep the station’s ground wire as short as Keep the station’s ground wire as short as possible possible to avoid stray RF energy in an amateur to avoid stray RF energy in an amateur stationstation

• RF hot spots can occur in a station located RF hot spots can occur in a station located above the ground floor above the ground floor if the equipment is if the equipment is grounded by a long ground wiregrounded by a long ground wire

• Electrical safety inside the ham shack Electrical safety inside the ham shack is is covered in the National Electrical Codecovered in the National Electrical Code

• A ground loop can be avoided A ground loop can be avoided by connecting all by connecting all ground conductors to a single pointground conductors to a single point



G4C01 Which of the following might be G4C01 Which of the following might be useful in reducing RF interference to useful in reducing RF interference to audio-frequency devices?audio-frequency devices?

A.A. Bypass inductorBypass inductor

B.B. Bypass capacitorBypass capacitor

C.C. Forward-biased diodeForward-biased diode

D.D. Reverse-biased diodeReverse-biased diode


G4C01 Which of the following might be G4C01 Which of the following might be useful in reducing RF interference to useful in reducing RF interference to audio-frequency devices?audio-frequency devices?

A.A. Bypass inductorBypass inductor

B.B. Bypass capacitorBypass capacitorC.C. Forward-biased diodeForward-biased diode

D.D. Reverse-biased diodeReverse-biased diode


Telephone Line FilterTelephone Line Filter


G4C02 Which of the following should be G4C02 Which of the following should be installed if a properly operating installed if a properly operating amateur station is interfering with a amateur station is interfering with a nearby telephone?nearby telephone?

A.A. An RFI filter on the transmitterAn RFI filter on the transmitter

B.B. An RFI filter at the affected telephoneAn RFI filter at the affected telephone

C.C. A high pass filter on the transmitterA high pass filter on the transmitter

D.D. A high pass filter at the affected telephoneA high pass filter at the affected telephone


G4C02 Which of the following should be G4C02 Which of the following should be installed if a properly operating installed if a properly operating amateur station is interfering with a amateur station is interfering with a nearby telephone?nearby telephone?

A.A. An RFI filter on the transmitterAn RFI filter on the transmitter

B.B. An RFI filter at the affected telephoneAn RFI filter at the affected telephoneC.C. A high pass filter on the transmitterA high pass filter on the transmitter

D.D. A high pass filter at the affected telephoneA high pass filter at the affected telephone


G4C03 What sound is heard from a G4C03 What sound is heard from a public-address system if there is public-address system if there is interference from a nearby single-interference from a nearby single-sideband phone transmitter?sideband phone transmitter?

A.A. A steady hum whenever the transmitter is on the airA steady hum whenever the transmitter is on the air

B.B. On-and-off humming or clickingOn-and-off humming or clicking

C.C. Distorted speechDistorted speech

D.D. Clearly audible speechClearly audible speech


G4C03 What sound is heard from a G4C03 What sound is heard from a public-address system if there is public-address system if there is interference from a nearby single-interference from a nearby single-sideband phone transmitter?sideband phone transmitter?

A.A. A steady hum whenever the transmitter is on the airA steady hum whenever the transmitter is on the air

B.B. On-and-off humming or clickingOn-and-off humming or clicking

C.C. Distorted speechDistorted speechD.D. Clearly audible speechClearly audible speech


G4C04 What is the effect on a public-G4C04 What is the effect on a public-address system if there is interference address system if there is interference from nearby CW transmitter?from nearby CW transmitter?

A.A. On-and-off humming or clickingOn-and-off humming or clicking

B.B. A CW signal at a nearly pure audio frequencyA CW signal at a nearly pure audio frequency

C.C. A chirpy CW signalA chirpy CW signal

D.D. Severely distorted audioSeverely distorted audio


G4C04 What is the effect on a public-G4C04 What is the effect on a public-address system if there is interference address system if there is interference from nearby CW transmitter?from nearby CW transmitter?

A.A. On-and-off humming or clickingOn-and-off humming or clickingB.B. A CW signal at a nearly pure audio frequencyA CW signal at a nearly pure audio frequency

C.C. A chirpy CW signalA chirpy CW signal

D.D. Severely distorted audioSeverely distorted audio


Station GroundingStation Grounding


G4C05 What might be the problem if G4C05 What might be the problem if you receive an RF burn when touching you receive an RF burn when touching your equipment while transmitting on a your equipment while transmitting on a HF band, assuming the equipment is HF band, assuming the equipment is connected to a ground rod?connected to a ground rod?

A.A. Flat braid rather than round wire has been used for Flat braid rather than round wire has been used for the ground wirethe ground wire

B.B. Insulated wire has been used for the ground wireInsulated wire has been used for the ground wire

C.C. The ground rod is resonantThe ground rod is resonant

D.D. The ground wire is resonantThe ground wire is resonant


G4C06 Which of the following is an G4C06 Which of the following is an important reason to have a good important reason to have a good station ground?station ground?

A.A. To reduce the likelihood of RF burnsTo reduce the likelihood of RF burns

B.B. To reduce the likelihood of electrical shockTo reduce the likelihood of electrical shock

C.C. To reduce interferenceTo reduce interference



G4C07 What is one good way to avoid G4C07 What is one good way to avoid stray RF energy in an amateur station?stray RF energy in an amateur station?

A.A. Keep the station's ground wire as short as possibleKeep the station's ground wire as short as possible

B.B. Install an RF filter in series with the ground wireInstall an RF filter in series with the ground wire

C.C. Use a ground loop for best conductivityUse a ground loop for best conductivity

D.D. Install a few ferrite beads on the ground wire where Install a few ferrite beads on the ground wire where it connects to your stationit connects to your station


G4C07 What is one good way to avoid G4C07 What is one good way to avoid stray RF energy in an amateur station?stray RF energy in an amateur station?

A.A. Keep the station's ground wire as short as Keep the station's ground wire as short as possiblepossible

B.B. Install an RF filter in series with the ground wireInstall an RF filter in series with the ground wire

C.C. Use a ground loop for best conductivityUse a ground loop for best conductivity

D.D. Install a few ferrite beads on the ground wire where Install a few ferrite beads on the ground wire where it connects to your stationit connects to your station


G4C08 Which of the following is a G4C08 Which of the following is a reason to place ferrite beads around reason to place ferrite beads around audio cables to reduce common mode audio cables to reduce common mode RF interference?RF interference?

A.A. They act as a series inductorThey act as a series inductor

B.B. They act as a shunt capacitorThey act as a shunt capacitor

C.C. They lower the impedance of the cableThey lower the impedance of the cable

D.D. They increase the admittance of the cableThey increase the admittance of the cable


G4C08 Which of the following is a G4C08 Which of the following is a reason to place ferrite beads around reason to place ferrite beads around audio cables to reduce common mode audio cables to reduce common mode RF interference?RF interference?

A.A. They act as a series inductorThey act as a series inductorB.B. They act as a shunt capacitorThey act as a shunt capacitor

C.C. They lower the impedance of the cableThey lower the impedance of the cable

D.D. They increase the admittance of the cableThey increase the admittance of the cable


G4C09 Which of the following G4C09 Which of the following statements about station grounding is statements about station grounding is true?true?

A.A. The chassis of each piece of station equipment The chassis of each piece of station equipment should be tied together with high-impedance should be tied together with high-impedance conductorsconductors

B.B. If the chassis of all station equipment is connected If the chassis of all station equipment is connected with a good conductor, there is no need to tie them with a good conductor, there is no need to tie them to an earth groundto an earth ground

C.C. RF hot spots can occur in a station located above the RF hot spots can occur in a station located above the ground floor if the equipment is grounded by a long ground floor if the equipment is grounded by a long ground wireground wire

D.D. A ground loop is an effective way to ground station A ground loop is an effective way to ground station equipmentequipment


G4C09 Which of the following G4C09 Which of the following statements about station grounding is statements about station grounding is true?true?

A.A. The chassis of each piece of station equipment should The chassis of each piece of station equipment should be tied together with high-impedance conductorsbe tied together with high-impedance conductors

B.B. If the chassis of all station equipment is connected If the chassis of all station equipment is connected with a good conductor, there is no need to tie them to with a good conductor, there is no need to tie them to an earth groundan earth ground

C.C. RF hot spots can occur in a station located RF hot spots can occur in a station located above the ground floor if the equipment is above the ground floor if the equipment is grounded by a long ground wiregrounded by a long ground wire

D.D. A ground loop is an effective way to ground station A ground loop is an effective way to ground station equipmentequipment


G4C10 Which of the following is G4C10 Which of the following is covered in the National Electrical Code?covered in the National Electrical Code?

A.A. Acceptable bandwidth limitsAcceptable bandwidth limits

B.B. Acceptable modulation limitsAcceptable modulation limits

C.C. Electrical safety inside the ham shackElectrical safety inside the ham shack

D.D. RF exposure limits of the human bodyRF exposure limits of the human body


G4C10 Which of the following is G4C10 Which of the following is covered in the National Electrical Code?covered in the National Electrical Code?

A.A. Acceptable bandwidth limitsAcceptable bandwidth limits

B.B. Acceptable modulation limitsAcceptable modulation limits

C.C. Electrical safety inside the ham shackElectrical safety inside the ham shackD.D. RF exposure limits of the human bodyRF exposure limits of the human body


G4C11 Which of the following can cause G4C11 Which of the following can cause unintended rectification of RF signal unintended rectification of RF signal energy and can result in interference to energy and can result in interference to your station as well as nearby radio your station as well as nearby radio and TV receivers?and TV receivers?

A.A. Induced currents in conductors that are in poor Induced currents in conductors that are in poor electrical contactelectrical contact

B.B. Induced voltages in conductors that are in good Induced voltages in conductors that are in good electrical contactelectrical contact

C.C. Capacitive coupling of the RF signal to groundCapacitive coupling of the RF signal to ground

D.D. Excessive standing wave ratio (SWR) of the Excessive standing wave ratio (SWR) of the transmission line systemtransmission line system


G4C11 Which of the following can cause G4C11 Which of the following can cause unintended rectification of RF signal unintended rectification of RF signal energy and can result in interference to energy and can result in interference to your station as well as nearby radio your station as well as nearby radio and TV receivers?and TV receivers?

A.A. Induced currents in conductors that are in Induced currents in conductors that are in poor electrical contactpoor electrical contact

B.B. Induced voltages in conductors that are in good Induced voltages in conductors that are in good electrical contactelectrical contact

C.C. Capacitive coupling of the RF signal to groundCapacitive coupling of the RF signal to ground

D.D. Excessive standing wave ratio (SWR) of the Excessive standing wave ratio (SWR) of the transmission line systemtransmission line system


G4C12 What is one cause of broadband G4C12 What is one cause of broadband radio frequency interference at an radio frequency interference at an amateur radio station?amateur radio station?

A.A. Not using a balun or line isolator to feed balanced Not using a balun or line isolator to feed balanced antennasantennas

B.B. Lack of rectification of the transmitter's signal in Lack of rectification of the transmitter's signal in power conductorspower conductors

C.C. Arcing at a poor electrical connectionArcing at a poor electrical connection

D.D. The use of horizontal, rather than vertical antennasThe use of horizontal, rather than vertical antennas


G4C12 What is one cause of broadband G4C12 What is one cause of broadband radio frequency interference at an radio frequency interference at an amateur radio station?amateur radio station?

A.A. Not using a balun or line isolator to feed balanced Not using a balun or line isolator to feed balanced antennasantennas

B.B. Lack of rectification of the transmitter's signal in Lack of rectification of the transmitter's signal in power conductorspower conductors

C.C. Arcing at a poor electrical connectionArcing at a poor electrical connectionD.D. The use of horizontal, rather than vertical antennasThe use of horizontal, rather than vertical antennas


G4C13 How can a ground loop be G4C13 How can a ground loop be avoided?avoided?

A.A. Series connect all ground conductorsSeries connect all ground conductors

B.B. Connect the AC neutral conductor to the ground Connect the AC neutral conductor to the ground wirewire

C.C. Avoid using lock washers and star washers in Avoid using lock washers and star washers in making ground connectionsmaking ground connections

D.D. Connect all ground conductors to a single pointConnect all ground conductors to a single point


G4C13 How can a ground loop be G4C13 How can a ground loop be avoided?avoided?

A.A. Series connect all ground conductorsSeries connect all ground conductors

B.B. Connect the AC neutral conductor to the ground Connect the AC neutral conductor to the ground wirewire

C.C. Avoid using lock washers and star washers in Avoid using lock washers and star washers in making ground connectionsmaking ground connections

D.D. Connect all ground conductors to a single Connect all ground conductors to a single pointpoint

G4D Speech processorsG4D Speech processors

• A properly adjusted speech processor used A properly adjusted speech processor used with a SSB phone transmitter with a SSB phone transmitter improves signal improves signal intelligibility at the receiverintelligibility at the receiver

• A speech processor A speech processor increases the average power increases the average power of a transmitted SSB signalof a transmitted SSB signal

• An incorrectly adjusted speech processor can An incorrectly adjusted speech processor can result inresult in• Distorted speechDistorted speech• SplatterSplatter• Excessive background pickupExcessive background pickup


G4D S metersG4D S meters

• An S-meter measures the received signal An S-meter measures the received signal strengthstrength

• Assuming a properly calibrated S-meter, an Assuming a properly calibrated S-meter, an S-meter reading of 20 db over S-9 is 100 S-meter reading of 20 db over S-9 is 100 times stronger than an S-9 signal.times stronger than an S-9 signal.

• An S-meter is generally found in a receiver.An S-meter is generally found in a receiver.


G4D Common connectorsG4D Common connectors

• Type-N connector- Type-N connector- is a moisture resistant RF is a moisture resistant RF connector useful to 10 GHzconnector useful to 10 GHz

• DB-9 type connector- DB-9 type connector- would be a good choice for would be a good choice for a serial data porta serial data port

• UHF type connector – UHF type connector – commonly used for RF commonly used for RF service at frequencies up to 150 MHzservice at frequencies up to 150 MHz

• RCA phono type connector – RCA phono type connector – commonly used for commonly used for audio signals in amateur stationsaudio signals in amateur stations

• Main reason to use keyed connectors over Main reason to use keyed connectors over non-keyed types- non-keyed types- is to reduce chance of damage is to reduce chance of damage due to incorrect matingdue to incorrect mating



G4D01 What is the reason for using a G4D01 What is the reason for using a properly adjusted speech processor properly adjusted speech processor with a single sideband phone with a single sideband phone transmitter?transmitter?

A.A. It reduces average transmitter power requirementsIt reduces average transmitter power requirements

B.B. It reduces unwanted noise pickup from the It reduces unwanted noise pickup from the microphonemicrophone

C.C. It improves voice-frequency fidelityIt improves voice-frequency fidelity

D.D. It improves signal intelligibility at the receiverIt improves signal intelligibility at the receiver


G4D01 What is the reason for using a G4D01 What is the reason for using a properly adjusted speech processor properly adjusted speech processor with a single sideband phone with a single sideband phone transmitter?transmitter?

A.A. It reduces average transmitter power requirementsIt reduces average transmitter power requirements

B.B. It reduces unwanted noise pickup from the It reduces unwanted noise pickup from the microphonemicrophone

C.C. It improves voice-frequency fidelityIt improves voice-frequency fidelity

D.D. It improves signal intelligibility at the It improves signal intelligibility at the receiverreceiver


G4D02 Which of the following describes G4D02 Which of the following describes how a speech processor affects a how a speech processor affects a transmitted single sideband signal?transmitted single sideband signal?

A.A. It increases the peak powerIt increases the peak power

B.B. It increases the average powerIt increases the average power

C.C. It reduces harmonic distortionIt reduces harmonic distortion

D.D. It reduces intermodulation distortionIt reduces intermodulation distortion


G4D02 Which of the following describes G4D02 Which of the following describes how a speech processor affects a how a speech processor affects a transmitted single sideband signal?transmitted single sideband signal?

A.A. It increases the peak powerIt increases the peak power

B.B. It increases the average powerIt increases the average powerC.C. It reduces harmonic distortionIt reduces harmonic distortion

D.D. It reduces intermodulation distortionIt reduces intermodulation distortion


G4D03 Which of the following can be G4D03 Which of the following can be the result of an incorrectly adjusted the result of an incorrectly adjusted speech processor?speech processor?

A.A. Distorted speechDistorted speech

B.B. SplatterSplatter

C.C. Excessive background pickupExcessive background pickup



G4D04 What does an S-meter measure?G4D04 What does an S-meter measure?

A.A. ConductanceConductance

B.B. ImpedanceImpedance

C.C. Received signal strengthReceived signal strength

D.D. Transmitter power outputTransmitter power output


G4D04 What does an S-meter measure?G4D04 What does an S-meter measure?

A.A. ConductanceConductance

B.B. ImpedanceImpedance

C.C. Received signal strengthReceived signal strengthD.D. Transmitter power outputTransmitter power output


G4D05 How does an S-meter reading of G4D05 How does an S-meter reading of 20 db over S-9 compare to an S-9 20 db over S-9 compare to an S-9 signal, assuming a properly calibrated signal, assuming a properly calibrated S meter?S meter?

A.A. It is 10 times weakerIt is 10 times weaker

B.B. It is 20 times weakerIt is 20 times weaker

C.C. It is 20 times strongerIt is 20 times stronger

D.D. It is 100 times strongerIt is 100 times stronger


G4D06 Where is an S-meter generally G4D06 Where is an S-meter generally found?found?

A.A. In a receiverIn a receiver

B.B. In a SWR bridgeIn a SWR bridge

C.C. In a transmitterIn a transmitter

D.D. In a conductance bridgeIn a conductance bridge


G4D06 Where is an S-meter generally G4D06 Where is an S-meter generally found?found?

A.A. In a receiverIn a receiverB.B. In a SWR bridgeIn a SWR bridge

C.C. In a transmitterIn a transmitter

D.D. In a conductance bridgeIn a conductance bridge


Typical Ham RF ConnectorsTypical Ham RF Connectors

From Left to Right:

N male, N female, PL-259, BNC male, SMA male, SMA female (on HT), BNC female (on lower radio), SO-238 (on upper radio)


G4D07 Which of the following describes G4D07 Which of the following describes a Type-N connector?a Type-N connector?

A.A. A moisture resistant RF connector useful to 10 GHzA moisture resistant RF connector useful to 10 GHz

B.B. A small bayonet connector used for data circuitsA small bayonet connector used for data circuits

C.C. A threaded connector used for hydraulic systemsA threaded connector used for hydraulic systems

D.D. An audio connector used in surround sound An audio connector used in surround sound installationsinstallations


G4D07 Which of the following describes G4D07 Which of the following describes a Type-N connector?a Type-N connector?

A.A. A moisture resistant RF connector useful A moisture resistant RF connector useful to 10 GHzto 10 GHz

B.B. A small bayonet connector used for data circuitsA small bayonet connector used for data circuits

C.C. A threaded connector used for hydraulic systemsA threaded connector used for hydraulic systems

D.D. An audio connector used in surround sound An audio connector used in surround sound installationsinstallations


G4D08 Which of the following G4D08 Which of the following connectors would be a good choice for connectors would be a good choice for a serial data port?a serial data port?

A.A. PL-259PL-259

B.B. Type NType N

C.C. Type SMAType SMA

D.D. DB-9DB-9


G4D09 Which of these connector types G4D09 Which of these connector types is commonly used for RF service at is commonly used for RF service at frequencies up to 150 MHz?frequencies up to 150 MHz?

A.A. OctalOctal

B.B. RJ-11RJ-11

C.C. UHFUHF

D.D. DB-25DB-25


G4D09 Which of these connector types G4D09 Which of these connector types is commonly used for RF service at is commonly used for RF service at frequencies up to 150 MHz?frequencies up to 150 MHz?

A.A. OctalOctal

B.B. RJ-11RJ-11

C.C. UHFUHFD.D. DB-25DB-25


G4D10 Which of these connector types G4D10 Which of these connector types is commonly used for audio signals in is commonly used for audio signals in amateur radio stations?amateur radio stations?

A.A. PL-259PL-259

B.B. BNCBNC

C.C. RCA PhonoRCA Phono

D.D. Type NType N


G4D10 Which of these connector types G4D10 Which of these connector types is commonly used for audio signals in is commonly used for audio signals in amateur radio stations?amateur radio stations?

A.A. PL-259PL-259

B.B. BNCBNC

C.C. RCA PhonoRCA PhonoD.D. Type NType N


G4D11 What is the main reason to use G4D11 What is the main reason to use keyed connectors over non-keyed keyed connectors over non-keyed types?types?

A.A. Prevention of use by unauthorized personsPrevention of use by unauthorized persons

B.B. Reduced chance of damage due to incorrect matingReduced chance of damage due to incorrect mating

C.C. Higher current carrying capacityHigher current carrying capacity

D.D. All of these choices are correctAll of these choices are correct


G4D11 What is the main reason to use G4D11 What is the main reason to use keyed connectors over non-keyed keyed connectors over non-keyed types?types?

A.A. Prevention of use by unauthorized personsPrevention of use by unauthorized persons

B.B. Reduced chance of damage due to Reduced chance of damage due to incorrect matingincorrect mating

C.C. Higher current carrying capacityHigher current carrying capacity


G4E HF mobile radio installationsG4E HF mobile radio installations• All of these emission types are permissible All of these emission types are permissible

while operating HF mobile: while operating HF mobile: CW, SSB, & FMCW, SSB, & FM• Alternator whine – Alternator whine – a tone or buzz in transmitted or a tone or buzz in transmitted or

received audio that varies with engine speedreceived audio that varies with engine speed• A direct, fused connection to the battery using A direct, fused connection to the battery using

heavy gauge wire, heavy gauge wire, would be the best connection would be the best connection for a 100-watt HF mobile installationfor a 100-watt HF mobile installation

• It is not best to draw DC power for a 100-watt It is not best to draw DC power for a 100-watt HF transceiver from an auto’s cigarette lighter HF transceiver from an auto’s cigarette lighter socketsocket because the socket’s wiring may inadequate because the socket’s wiring may inadequate for the current being drawn by the transceiverfor the current being drawn by the transceiver

• The HF mobile antenna system The HF mobile antenna system most limits the most limits the effectiveness of an HF mobile transceiver operating effectiveness of an HF mobile transceiver operating in the 75-meter bandin the 75-meter band


G4E Emergency and battery powered G4E Emergency and battery powered operationoperation

• For an emergency generator installation – For an emergency generator installation – the the generator should be located in a well ventilated generator should be located in a well ventilated areaarea

• Lead-acid storage battery – Lead-acid storage battery – might give off might give off explosive hydrogen gas when being chargedexplosive hydrogen gas when being charged

• Photovoltaic conversion – Photovoltaic conversion – is the process by is the process by which sunlight is changed directly into electricitywhich sunlight is changed directly into electricity

• The approximate open-circuit voltage from a The approximate open-circuit voltage from a modern, well illuminated photovoltaic cell - modern, well illuminated photovoltaic cell - is 0.5 VDCis 0.5 VDC

• Doped Silicon material is used as the Doped Silicon material is used as the active active element of a solar cellelement of a solar cell


G4E Emergency and battery powered G4E Emergency and battery powered operation cont’doperation cont’d

• A disadvantage to using wind power as the A disadvantage to using wind power as the primary source of power for an emergency primary source of power for an emergency station station is a large storage system is needed to is a large storage system is needed to supply power when the wind is not blowingsupply power when the wind is not blowing

• A primary reason for not placing a gasoline-A primary reason for not placing a gasoline-fueled generator inside an occupied area fueled generator inside an occupied area is is the danger of carbon monoxide poisoningthe danger of carbon monoxide poisoning

• Back feeding the output of a gasoline Back feeding the output of a gasoline generator into your house wiring by generator into your house wiring by connecting the generator through an AC wall connecting the generator through an AC wall outlet outlet might present a hazard for electric might present a hazard for electric company workerscompany workers



G4E01 Which of the following emission G4E01 Which of the following emission types are permissible while operating types are permissible while operating HF mobile?HF mobile?

A.A. CWCW

B.B. SSBSSB

C.C. FMFM



Mobile Radio InstallationMobile Radio Installation


G4E02 What is alternator whine?G4E02 What is alternator whine?

A.A. A DC emission from the alternatorA DC emission from the alternator

B.B. A constant pitched tone or buzz in transmitted or A constant pitched tone or buzz in transmitted or received audio that occurs whenever the ignition received audio that occurs whenever the ignition key is in the on positionkey is in the on position

C.C. A tone or buzz in transmitted or received audio that A tone or buzz in transmitted or received audio that varies with engine speedvaries with engine speed

D.D. A mechanical sound from the alternator indicating A mechanical sound from the alternator indicating current overloadcurrent overload


G4E02 What is alternator whine?G4E02 What is alternator whine?

A.A. A DC emission from the alternatorA DC emission from the alternator

B.B. A constant pitched tone or buzz in transmitted or A constant pitched tone or buzz in transmitted or received audio that occurs whenever the ignition received audio that occurs whenever the ignition key is in the on positionkey is in the on position

C.C. A tone or buzz in transmitted or received A tone or buzz in transmitted or received audio that varies with engine speedaudio that varies with engine speed

D.D. A mechanical sound from the alternator indicating A mechanical sound from the alternator indicating current overloadcurrent overload


G4E03 Which of the following power G4E03 Which of the following power connections would be the best for a connections would be the best for a 100-watt HF mobile installation?100-watt HF mobile installation?

A.A. A direct, fused connection to the battery using A direct, fused connection to the battery using heavy gauge wireheavy gauge wire

B.B. A direct, fused connection to the alternator or A direct, fused connection to the alternator or generator using heavy gauge wiregenerator using heavy gauge wire

C.C. A direct, fused connection to the battery using A direct, fused connection to the battery using resistor wireresistor wire

D.D. A direct, fused connection to the alternator or A direct, fused connection to the alternator or generator using resistor wiregenerator using resistor wire


G4E03 Which of the following power G4E03 Which of the following power connections would be the best for a connections would be the best for a 100-watt HF mobile installation?100-watt HF mobile installation?

A.A. A direct, fused connection to the battery A direct, fused connection to the battery using heavy gauge wireusing heavy gauge wire

B.B. A direct, fused connection to the alternator or A direct, fused connection to the alternator or generator using heavy gauge wiregenerator using heavy gauge wire

C.C. A direct, fused connection to the battery using A direct, fused connection to the battery using resistor wireresistor wire

D.D. A direct, fused connection to the alternator or A direct, fused connection to the alternator or generator using resistor wiregenerator using resistor wire


G4E04 Why is it best NOT to draw the G4E04 Why is it best NOT to draw the DC power for a 100-watt HF transceiver DC power for a 100-watt HF transceiver from an automobile's cigarette lighter from an automobile's cigarette lighter socket?socket?

A.A. The socket is not wired with an RF-shielded power The socket is not wired with an RF-shielded power cablecable

B.B. The socket's wiring may be inadequate for the The socket's wiring may be inadequate for the current being drawn by the transceivercurrent being drawn by the transceiver

C.C. The DC polarity of the socket is reversed from the The DC polarity of the socket is reversed from the polarity of modern HF transceiverspolarity of modern HF transceivers

D.D. The power from the socket is never adequately The power from the socket is never adequately filtered for HF transceiver operationfiltered for HF transceiver operation


G4E04 Why is it best NOT to draw the G4E04 Why is it best NOT to draw the DC power for a 100-watt HF transceiver DC power for a 100-watt HF transceiver from an automobile's cigarette lighter from an automobile's cigarette lighter socket?socket?

A.A. The socket is not wired with an RF-shielded power The socket is not wired with an RF-shielded power cablecable

B.B. The socket's wiring may be inadequate for The socket's wiring may be inadequate for the current being drawn by the transceiverthe current being drawn by the transceiver

C.C. The DC polarity of the socket is reversed from the The DC polarity of the socket is reversed from the polarity of modern HF transceiverspolarity of modern HF transceivers

D.D. The power from the socket is never adequately The power from the socket is never adequately filtered for HF transceiver operationfiltered for HF transceiver operation


G4E05 Which of the following most G4E05 Which of the following most limits the effectiveness of an HF mobile limits the effectiveness of an HF mobile transceiver operating in the 75 meter transceiver operating in the 75 meter band?band?

A.A. "Picket Fencing" signal variation"Picket Fencing" signal variation

B.B. The wire gauge of the DC power line to the The wire gauge of the DC power line to the transceivertransceiver

C.C. The HF mobile antenna systemThe HF mobile antenna system

D.D. FCC rules limiting mobile output power on the 75 FCC rules limiting mobile output power on the 75 meter bandmeter band


G4E05 Which of the following most G4E05 Which of the following most limits the effectiveness of an HF mobile limits the effectiveness of an HF mobile transceiver operating in the 75 meter transceiver operating in the 75 meter band?band?

A.A. "Picket Fencing" signal variation"Picket Fencing" signal variation

B.B. The wire gauge of the DC power line to the The wire gauge of the DC power line to the transceivertransceiver

C.C. The HF mobile antenna systemThe HF mobile antenna systemD.D. FCC rules limiting mobile output power on the 75 FCC rules limiting mobile output power on the 75

meter bandmeter band


G4E06 Which of the following is true of G4E06 Which of the following is true of an emergency generator installation?an emergency generator installation?

A.A. The generator should be located in a well ventilated The generator should be located in a well ventilated areaarea

B.B. The generator should be insulated from groundThe generator should be insulated from ground

C.C. Fuel should be stored near the generator for rapid Fuel should be stored near the generator for rapid refueling in case of an emergencyrefueling in case of an emergency



G4E06 Which of the following is true of G4E06 Which of the following is true of an emergency generator installation?an emergency generator installation?

A.A. The generator should be located in a well The generator should be located in a well ventilated areaventilated area

B.B. The generator should be insulated from groundThe generator should be insulated from ground

C.C. Fuel should be stored near the generator for rapid Fuel should be stored near the generator for rapid refueling in case of an emergencyrefueling in case of an emergency



G4E07 When might a lead-acid storage G4E07 When might a lead-acid storage battery give off explosive hydrogen battery give off explosive hydrogen gas?gas?

A.A. When stored for long periods of timeWhen stored for long periods of time

B.B. When being dischargedWhen being discharged

C.C. When being chargedWhen being charged

D.D. When not placed on a level surfaceWhen not placed on a level surface


Battery ExplosionBattery Explosion


G4E07 When might a lead-acid storage G4E07 When might a lead-acid storage battery give off explosive hydrogen battery give off explosive hydrogen gas?gas?

A.A. When stored for long periods of timeWhen stored for long periods of time

B.B. When being dischargedWhen being discharged

C.C. When being chargedWhen being chargedD.D. When not placed on a level surfaceWhen not placed on a level surface


Solar Panel Solar Panel or or Photovoltaic Photovoltaic ModuleModule


G4E08 What is the name of the process G4E08 What is the name of the process by which sunlight is changed directly by which sunlight is changed directly into electricity?into electricity?

A.A. Photovoltaic conversionPhotovoltaic conversion

B.B. Photon emissionPhoton emission

C.C. PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

D.D. Photon decompositionPhoton decomposition


G4E08 What is the name of the process G4E08 What is the name of the process by which sunlight is changed directly by which sunlight is changed directly into electricity?into electricity?

A.A. Photovoltaic conversionPhotovoltaic conversionB.B. Photon emissionPhoton emission

C.C. PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

D.D. Photon decompositionPhoton decomposition


G4E09 What is the approximate open-G4E09 What is the approximate open-circuit voltage from a modern, well circuit voltage from a modern, well illuminated photovoltaic cell?illuminated photovoltaic cell?

A.A. 0.02 VDC0.02 VDC

B.B. 0.5 VDC0.5 VDC

C.C. 0.2 VDC0.2 VDC

D.D. 1.38 VDC1.38 VDC


G4E09 What is the approximate open-G4E09 What is the approximate open-circuit voltage from a modern, well circuit voltage from a modern, well illuminated photovoltaic cell?illuminated photovoltaic cell?

A.A. 0.02 VDC0.02 VDC

B.B. 0.5 VDC0.5 VDCC.C. 0.2 VDC0.2 VDC

D.D. 1.38 VDC1.38 VDC


G4E10 Which of these materials is used G4E10 Which of these materials is used as the active element of a solar cell?as the active element of a solar cell?

A.A. Doped SiliconDoped Silicon

B.B. Nickel HydrideNickel Hydride

C.C. Doped PlatinumDoped Platinum

D.D. Aluminum nitrideAluminum nitride


G4E10 Which of these materials is used G4E10 Which of these materials is used as the active element of a solar cell?as the active element of a solar cell?

A.A. Doped SiliconDoped SiliconB.B. Nickel HydrideNickel Hydride

C.C. Doped PlatinumDoped Platinum

D.D. Aluminum nitrideAluminum nitride


G4E11 Which of the following is a G4E11 Which of the following is a disadvantage to using wind power as disadvantage to using wind power as the primary source of power for an the primary source of power for an emergency station?emergency station?

A.A. The conversion efficiency from mechanical energy The conversion efficiency from mechanical energy to electrical energy is less that 2 percentto electrical energy is less that 2 percent

B.B. The voltage and current ratings of such systems are The voltage and current ratings of such systems are not compatible with amateur equipmentnot compatible with amateur equipment

C.C. A large energy storage system is needed to supply A large energy storage system is needed to supply power when the wind is not blowingpower when the wind is not blowing



G4E11 Which of the following is a G4E11 Which of the following is a disadvantage to using wind power as disadvantage to using wind power as the primary source of power for an the primary source of power for an emergency station?emergency station?

A.A. The conversion efficiency from mechanical energy The conversion efficiency from mechanical energy to electrical energy is less that 2 percentto electrical energy is less that 2 percent

B.B. The voltage and current ratings of such systems are The voltage and current ratings of such systems are not compatible with amateur equipmentnot compatible with amateur equipment

C.C. A large energy storage system is needed A large energy storage system is needed to supply power when the wind is not blowingto supply power when the wind is not blowing



G4E12 Which of the following is a G4E12 Which of the following is a primary reason for not placing a primary reason for not placing a gasoline-fueled generator inside an gasoline-fueled generator inside an occupied area?occupied area?

A.A. Danger of carbon monoxide poisoningDanger of carbon monoxide poisoning

B.B. Danger of engine over torqueDanger of engine over torque

C.C. Lack of oxygen for adequate combustionLack of oxygen for adequate combustion

D.D. Lack of nitrogen for adequate combustionLack of nitrogen for adequate combustion


G4E12 Which of the following is a G4E12 Which of the following is a primary reason for not placing a primary reason for not placing a gasoline-fueled generator inside an gasoline-fueled generator inside an occupied area?occupied area?

A.A. Danger of carbon monoxide poisoningDanger of carbon monoxide poisoningB.B. Danger of engine over torqueDanger of engine over torque

C.C. Lack of oxygen for adequate combustionLack of oxygen for adequate combustion

D.D. Lack of nitrogen for adequate combustionLack of nitrogen for adequate combustion


G4E13 Why would it be unwise to G4E13 Why would it be unwise to power your station by back feeding the power your station by back feeding the output of a gasoline generator into output of a gasoline generator into your house wiring by connecting the your house wiring by connecting the generator through an AC wall outlet?generator through an AC wall outlet?

A.A. It might present a hazard for electric company It might present a hazard for electric company workersworkers

B.B. It is prone to RF interferenceIt is prone to RF interference

C.C. It may disconnect your RF groundIt may disconnect your RF ground

D.D. None of the above; this is an excellent expedientNone of the above; this is an excellent expedient


G4E13 Why would it be unwise to G4E13 Why would it be unwise to power your station by back feeding the power your station by back feeding the output of a gasoline generator into output of a gasoline generator into your house wiring by connecting the your house wiring by connecting the generator through an AC wall outlet?generator through an AC wall outlet?

A.A. It might present a hazard for electric It might present a hazard for electric company workerscompany workers

B.B. It is prone to RF interferenceIt is prone to RF interference

C.C. It may disconnect your RF groundIt may disconnect your RF ground

D.D. None of the above; this is an excellent expedientNone of the above; this is an excellent expedient


G4 - AMATEUR RADIO PRACTICES G4 - AMATEUR RADIO PRACTICES [5 Questions - 5 groups][5 Questions - 5 groups]

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