amalgam bonding
TRANSCRIPT
PRESENTED BYREKHA KUMARI
ROLL NO 03
AMALGAM BONDING
CONTENTS /ROUTE MAP
IntroductionTypes of bondingTypes of bonding systemsDentin bonding systemsIndicationsAdvantages / disadvantagesTechniqueLiterature support
DENTAL AMALGAM
Most commonly used dental restorative materialFirst introduced in France in the early 1800s*Contains a mixture of mercury with at least one
other metal.Restorative method of choice for many years due
to a.Low cost b.Ease of application c.Strength d.Durability e.Bacteriostatic effects*Ferracane, Jack L. (2001). Materials in Dentistry: Principles and Applications. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp.
Factors that have led to recent decline in use are a lingering concern about
a.Detrimental health effects b.Aesthetics c.Environmental pollution.
INTRODUCTION TO BONDED AMALGAM
Amalgam-bonding resins were introduced in the 1980s,for and since then, the use of adhesives for amalgam has become a popular but not universal procedure.The introduction of newer resin Systems help overcoming the inevitable marginal leakage problem and thus providing improved marginal integrity.
Staninec M, Torii Y, Watanabe LG, Kawakami M, Tonn EM. Tensile adhesion evaluation in a new universal test. Am J Dent 1992;5:187–191. .
TYPES OF BONDING
MECHANICAL
ADSORPTION
DIFFUSION
COMBINED
BONDING OBSERVED IN AMALGAM
MECHANICAL BONDING:
The attachment mechanism between adhesive & Amalgam is not fully understood , but it may be
micromechanical entanglement of uncured adhesive with the setting amalgam mix during
condensation of the amalgam.
ENAMEL orDENTIN
DENTALAMALGAM
AMALGAMBONDING SYSTEM
Amalgam ReactionProduct MatrixResidualAmalgam Alloy
AMALGAM BONDINGMechanical Interlocking
Interfacial Interlocking of phases
Amalgambond Plus(Parkell)
TYPES OF BONDING SYSTEMS
ON THE BASIS OF SUBSTRATE
ENAMEL BSDENTINE
ENAMEL-DENTINE BS
Intertubular dentin
Peritubular dentin
Dentinal tubule
Residual smearlayer particles
Residual smearplug particles
Macrotag Microtag
Conditioning
Priming
Bonding
COMPOSITE
HYBRID LAYER: resin microtags that are withinintertubular dentin and surround collagen fibers.
Collagen fibers
B. “Smear layer removal” and “hybrid layers”
DENTIN BONDING SYSTEMSIntroduction
A. Classification of bonding systems:1. Type of substrate (enamel, dentin)2. Generation number3. Number of components
E + nP + B or nEP + B E + nPB nEPBSelf-Etching Primer
Self-Etching Adh
nP =HEMA, … , (Polymers),Alcohol, H2O, Acet
E =H3PO4, H2O
B =Bis-GMA, TEGDMAAcetone or Alcohol
E =H3PO4, H2O
nPB =HEMA, … , TEGDMA (Polymers),Alcohol, H2O, Acet
B =MMA, Bis-GMA, TEGDMA,(Polymers),Acetone or Alcohol
Acid Monomer,HEMA,H2O
nEP =Acid Monomer,HEMA, Polymer,(TEGDMA), H2O, Alcohol
nEP =
E+nP+B E+nPB nEP+BSelf-Etching
Primer
nEPBSelf-Etching
Adhesive
Total-Etch Systems Self-Etch Systems
Reliable Bonding No Postoperative Sensitivity
HybridLayer
HybridLayer
HybridLayer
HybridLayer
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
Designing Bonding Systems
BONDING AGENT
PRIMER
ETCHANT
E+nP+B
US Companies
2 =
1 =
E+nPB
Japanese Companies
= 2
= 1
or nEP+BSelf-Etching
Primer
???
nEPBSelf-Etching
Adhesive
hydrophilic tooth structure
hydrophobic “restorative material”
Total Etch Systems
BONDING SYSTEMS2-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (nEP + B)• Clearfil SE Bond & LinerBond 2v (Kuraray)• Optibond Solo SE Plus (Kerr)• UniFil Bond (GC)• NanoBond (Pentron)
1-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (nEPB)• AQBond (Sun Medical)• Adper Prompt or LP3 (3M-ESPE)• iBond (Hereaus-Kulzer)• Xeno III (Dentsply)
3-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (E + nP + B)
• Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus (3M)• Permaquick (Ultradent)• Bond-It (Jeneric / Pentron)• All-Bond 2 (BISCO)• ProBond (Dentsply)
2-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (E + nPB)• Bond-1 (Jeneric / Pentron)• Easy Bond (Parkell)• Prime&Bond NT (Dentsply)• Single-Bond (3M)• Optibond Solo and Solo Plus (Kerr)• OSB Bonding System (ESPE)
INDICATIONS
Badly broken down tooth(when amalgam is used as core material for Provision of crown )
MOD cavities
To repair fractured amalgam restoration
To repair fractured cusps
Why bonded Amalgam?
Tooth reinforcement
Increase fracture resistance of tooth structure(1)
Conservation of tooth structure
Decrease short term microleakage(2)
1. Eakle WS,staninec Malay AM.Effect of bonded amalgamon the fracture resistance of teeth.J Prostho Dent1992; 68:257-260
2. Setcos JC, Staninec M, Wilson NH. Bonding of amalgam restorations: Existing knowledge and future prospects. Oper Dent 2000;25:121–129
3. Hadavi F,Hey JH,Ambrose ER,Elbadrawy HE.effect of different adhesive systems on microleakage at the amalgam composite resin interface.Oper Dent 1993 ; 18 :2-7.
• Less post-operative sensitivity(3)
• Less secondary caries(3)
DISADVANTAGES
Costly comparative to conventional amalgamTechnique sensitiveTime consumingPoor performance in strengthening of old
amalgam restorations(1 )
Hadavi F,Hey JH,Ambrose ER,Elbadrawy HE. The influence of an adhesive system on shear bond strength of repaired high copper amalgams. Oper Dent 1991;16:175–180
LITERATURE SUPPORT
OBJECTIVE:
To compare and contrast the longevity of conventionally placed dental amalgam
restorations with those placed using bonding techniques.
CONCLUSIONS:
Within the limitations of the study, bonding amalgams, compared to placing them conventionally, afforded no significant benefit upon restoration longevity. This, coupled with the emerging trend of an accelerating decline in longevity of bonded amalgams from 1,000 days onwards and with the greater cost, challenges the justification for routine bonding of amalgams.
REFERENCE :Br.Dent.J 2009 jan 24;(206) :E3; discussion88-9. Epub2009 jan 16