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Customized to meet your unique needs and

now upgraded to provide faster service and

easier navigation, the On-Line TMS Document

Center provides detailed information and on-line

purchasing opportunities for TMS proceedings

volumes, textbooks, journals, software programs,

video series, and reports. If you need information,youve got to try the new TMS Document Center.

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that you will be satised with your purchase.

TMS Members: View JOMOn-Line Free of Charge TMS members can view the journal for free through the new TMS Document Center. Simply log in and articles from past

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Create Your Own Custom Publication Gather individual papers and articles from TMS proceedings volumes, JOM, Journal of Electronic Materials, and

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The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

welcomes you to the

TECHNICAL PROGRAM

for the 132nd TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition,

to be held March 26, 2003, in San Diego, California.

This document comprises

TUESDAYSTECHNICALPROGRAM

Including fully text-searchable paper titles,

abstracts, and author names

with afliations

See you in San Diego!

http://www.tms.org/AnnualMeeting.html

For your convenience,

we have also included

details on

Meeting Activities and Registration

Conference Proceedings

Our Exhibition

TMS Membership

Additional On-line Resources

that You May Utilize

All designed to help you

prepare for

and optimally benet from

one of the worlds premier

metals and materials events.
http://www.tms.org/Meetings/Annual-03/AnnMtg03Home.htmlhttp://www.tms.org/Meetings/Annual-03/AnnMtg03Home.html


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During the week of March 26, the 2003 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition will hostapproximately 4,000 science and engineering professionals, representing more than70 different countries. They are convening at the San Diego Convention Center andthe San Diego Marriott Hotel & Marina to attend a eld-spanning array of metalsand materials symposia containing more than 200 sessions and 1,900 individualtechnical presentations.

AN INTERNATIONAL

EVENT IN SCIENCE

AND ENGINEERING

This year's meeting will feature programming by

TMS Electronic, Magnetic & Photonic Materials Division

TMS Extraction & Processing Division TMS Light Metals Division

TMS Materials Processing & Manufacturing Division

TMS Structural Materials Division

TMS Education Committee

TMS Young Leaders Committee

ASM Internationals Materials Science CriticalTechnologies Sector

Aluminum Association

International Magnesium Association

In addition to the technical programming featured on the

following pages, attendees will have the opportunity to

Tourthe Exhibition of Approximately 200 CompaniesDisplaying New Products and Services

AttendSpecial Lectures and Tutorials

Participatein Short Courses on Sulde Smelting,

Magnesium Metallurgy, Heat Treating Aluminum Alloys, ProcessHeating, Pumping Systems, and Computational Materials

EnjoySpecial Luncheons, Dinners, and Social Functions,including events honoring Ronald Armstrong, Michael Messhi,and Akira Yazawa

NetworkExtensively

Experiencethe Charm and Amenities of Family-FriendlySan Diego

Extensive details about these and all conference-related activities can be found on the2003 TMS Annual Meeting Web Site.

Registration is easy.

Just complete and mail or fax the Annual Meeting RegistrationForm that appears in this document. Or, visit the meeting website to register immediately (and securely) on-line.

To register in advance, your submission must reach TMS notlater than February 3, 2003.After this date, it will benecessary to register at the meeting site.

The San Diego Marriott Hotel & Marina is theTMS headquarters hotel. Special conference rates have beencontracted with this hotel and others in the area surroundingthe San Diego Convention Center.To receivespecial rates, use the TMS 2003 Housing Reservation Form

that appears in this document and that can be found onthe meeting web site.

Special Opportunity for TMS Nonmember

Registrants: All nonmember registrants automaticallyreceive a one-year introductory associate membership inTMS for 2003. Membership benets include a subscription toJOM(print and on-line versions) and signicant discounts onTMS products and services.

More on the benets of membership appears on the

TMS Membership Web Pages.

WANT TO

BE PART OF

THE ACTION?

INTERESTED

IN BUSINESS

OPPORTUNITIES?

The 2003 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition presents busi-

nesses, universities, institutions, agencies, consultants,and others with myriad opportunities to partner in effectivemarketing communication. Such opportunities to reachthousands of meeting attendees include:

Placing a Boothin the Exhibition

Placing an Adin the Ofcial Conference Publicationand At-Meeting Program: JOM

Sponsoring High-Prole Attendee Services,

such as the CyberCenter, Coffee Breaks, Signage,and Prize Drawings.

Hosting a Hospitality Suite

More information on these

opportunities is available on the

2003 TMS Annual Meeting Sponsorship Web Pages.
http://www.tms.org/Meetings/Annual-03/AnnMtg03Home.htmlhttp://www.tms.org/Society/membership.htmlhttp://www.tms.org/Meetings/Annual-03/Annual03-exhibit.htmlhttp://www.tms.org/Meetings/Annual-03/Annual03-exhibit.htmlhttp://www.tms.org/Society/membership.htmlhttp://www.tms.org/Meetings/Annual-03/AnnMtg03Home.html


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CONFERENCE

PROCEEDINGS: THE

RECORDS OF EVENTS

The technical program of each TMS Annual Meeting yields numerous conferenceproceedings that document many presentations delivered in session rooms. Suchpublications can be ordered both before and after the meeting via the meetingregistration form and/or the TMS Document Center.

The following symposium proceedings will be available

in tandem with the meeting.

Electron Microscopy:

Its Role in Materials Science:The Mike Meshii Symposium on Electron Microscopy

EPD Congress 2003(Documenting the Symposia GlobalDevelopment of Copper and Gold Deposits; MercuryManagement; Recycling, General; Residue Handling inMetals Processing; Sensors and Control in MaterialsProcessing; Waste from Metal Plating Industries)

Friction Stir Welding and Processing II

High Temperature Alloys: Processing for Properties

Hot Deformation of Aluminum Alloys 2003

Light Metals 2003(Documenting the Symposia Alumina

and Bauxite; Aluminum Reduction Technology; CarbonTechnology; Cast Shop Technology; Reactive Metals;Recycling, Aluminum)

Magnesium Technology 2003

Materials Lifetime Science and Engineering

Metallurgical and Materials Processing Principles andTechnologies: The Yazawa International Symposium

Volume 1: Fundamentals and New Technologies Volume 2: High Temperature Metal Production Volume 3: Aqueous and Electrochemical Process

MPMD Fourth Global Innovations Symposium:Energy Efcient Manufacturing Processes

Surface Engineering in Materials Science II

The following proceedings volumes will be released

shortly after the meeting.

Aluminum Reduction: Potroom Operations

Aluminum 2003(Documenting the Symposia AutomotiveAlloys 2003; Universities Servicing Education, Research,and Technology Internationally for the Aluminum and LightMetals Industries; Increasing Energy Efciency in Aluminum)

Gamma Titanium Aluminides 2003

The following symposia will be documented

in upcoming TMS periodicals.

Advances in MEMS and Optical Packaging(Journal of Electronic Materials)

Applications and Processing of Powder MetallurgyRefractory Metals and Alloys (JOM)

Computational Methods in Materials Education (JOM)

Dynamic Deformation: Constitutive Modeling, Grain Size,and Other Effects: Symposium in Honor of Prof. Ronald W.Armstrong (Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A)

Lead-Free Solders and Processing Issues Relevant toMicroelectronics Packaging (Journal of Electronic Materials)

Materials and Processes for Submicron Technologies III(Journal of Electronic Materials)

Phase Stability, Phase Transformations, andReactive Phase Formation in Electronic Materials(Journal of Electronic Materials)

Terence E. Mitchell Symposium on the Magic of Materials:Structures and Properties

(Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A)

Detailed information about these publications, and many others, can be found in theTMS Document Center.

ADDITIONAL

RESOURCES

2003 TMS Annual Meeting & ExhibitionWeb Site:Get up-to-the-minute meetingdetails and complete registration materials athttp://www.tms.org/AnnualMeeting.html

TMS Personal Conference Scheduler:Review the most-up-to-date version of the technicalprogram, examine the calendar of events, and create yourown personalized itinerary by visiting http://pcs.tms.org

TMS Document Center: Review the completetables of contents for conference proceedings and orderpublications by visitinghttp://doc.tms.org

TMS Membership:Learn more aboutthe benets of membership by touring

http://www.tms.org/Society/membership.html

TMS Business-to-Business Partnering:Learn how TMS can help your organizationmaximize its impact by viewing

http://www.tms.org/Meetings/Annual-03/Annual03-exhibit.html

If you want to contact a person, more details are available at

TMS Meetings DepartmentThe Minerals, Metals & Materials Society184 Thorn Hill Road, Warrendale, PA 15086 USATelephone: (724) 776-9000, ext. 243Fax: (724) 776-3770

E-mail: [email protected]

On-line answers to any of your 2003 TMS AnnualMeeting & Exhibition questions can be found at
http://doc.tms.org/http://doc.tms.org/http://www.tms.org/Meetings/Annual-03/AnnMtg03Home.htmlhttp://pcs.tms.org/http://doc.tms.org/http://www.tms.org/Society/membership.htmlhttp://www.tms.org/Meetings/Annual-03/Annual03-exhibit.htmlhttp://www.tms.org/Society/contacts.htmlhttp://www.tms.org/Society/contacts.htmlhttp://www.tms.org/Meetings/Annual-03/Annual03-exhibit.htmlhttp://www.tms.org/Society/membership.htmlhttp://doc.tms.org/http://pcs.tms.org/http://www.tms.org/Meetings/Annual-03/AnnMtg03Home.htmlhttp://doc.tms.org/


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2. Registration Fees: Advance Fees On-Site Feesuntil February 3, 2003 after February 3, 2003

Member.........................................................$400 M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $500 ML Non-member Author*....................................$455 NMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $555 NMAL Non-member *..............................................$525 NM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $625 NML Student Member ##..........................................$0 STU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0 STUL Student Non-member ## *..............................$25 STUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25 STUNL TMS Senior Member.....................................$225 RM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $225 RML Exhibit Booth Personnel....................................$0 E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0 EL Exhibit Only.....................................................$35 EO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$35 EOL

Registration TOTAL $

* Includes TMS membership for 2003## Students must attach a copy of their schools student identication card.

6. Continuing Education Short Courses:

Saturday & Sunday, March 1-2, 2003 Advance Fees On-Site Feesuntil February 3, 2003 after February 3, 2003

Member Non-member Member Non-member 1. Sulde Smelting: Principles,

Technologies, and EnvironmentalConsiderations (Sat./Sun.) .............. $645 $735 $695 $785

2. Magnesium Metallurgy Processing and Industrial

Applications (Sat./Sun.) .............. ..... $645 $735 $695 $785

3. Heat Treatment of Wrought andCast Aluminum Alloys (Sat./Sun.) .... $645 $735 $695 $785

4. Process Heating Workshop Jt. TMS/DOE (Sat.) ............. ............. $475 $560 $525 $610

5. Pumping Systems AssessmentWorkshop - Jt. TMS/DOE (Sun.).. .... $475 $560 $525 $610

6. Computational Materials Design...... $475 $560 $525 $610 (Sun.)

Shor t Course TOTAL $ $

3. Social Function Tickets: Fee Quantity Total

Michael Meshii Honorary Dinner. ........ ........ ........$60 _____ $______ MD Akira Yazawa Honorary Dinner ........ ........ ........ ...$60 _____ $______ YD Ronald Armstrong Honorary Dinner.................$60 _____ $______ RD

TMS Banquet......................................................$60 _____ $______ AD Tables of 8..........................................................$480 _____ $______ AD8 Table Sign to Read ______________________________________________________ Extraction & Processing Division Luncheon........$30 _____ $______ EP Tables of 8..........................................................$240 _____ $______ EP8 Table Sign to Read ______________________________________________________

Light Metals Division Luncheon ........ ....... ........ ...$30 _____ $______ LM Tables of 8..........................................................$240 _____ $______ LM8 Table Sign to Read ______________________________________________________ Structural Materials Division Luncheon.......... .....$30 _____ $______ SM Tables of 8..........................................................$240 _____ $______ SM8 Table Sign to Read ______________________________________________________ Gamma Titanium Aluminides Dinner....... ........ ....$60 _____ $______ GTD

Social Function TOTAL $

9. TOTAL FEES PAID.................................................................................$______________

8. Payment enclosed: Check, Bank Draft, Money Order

Make checks payable to TMS. Payment shall be made in US dollars drawn on a US bank.

Credit Card Expiration Date: ___________________________________________

Card No.: ___________________________________________________________

Visa MasterCard Diners Club American Express

Cardholder Name: ______________________________________________________

Signature: ____________________________________________________________

4. Tutorial Luncheon Tickets:Monday 3/3/03 Fee Quantity TotalThe Young Leader Tutorial Lecture is free.You may purchase the optional box lunch for.....................$25 _____ $______ EM

5.Publication Orders:All orders that are not indicated for shipment on this form must be picked-up at the meeting.Order Shipping SubTotal Member Non-member Sub-TotalNumber Title Weight Quantity Weight Price Price Price

03-5352 Electron Microscopy (Meshii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 $96 $137 $03-5344 Metallurgical & Materials Processing (Yazawa)Three-volume Set . . . . 11 $337 $538 $03-5468 Vol. 1: Fundamentals & New Technologies (only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 $154 $220 $03-5476 Vol. 2: High-Temp. Metal Production (only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 $154 $220 $03-5484 Vol. 3: Aqueous & Electrochemical Process (only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 $112 $159 $03-5328 EPD Congress 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 $87 $123 $03-531X-G Light Metals 2003 (book and CD set) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 $158 $226 $03-5360 Friction Stir Welding and Processing II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 $110 $157 $03-5336-G Magnesium Technology 2003 (book and CD set) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 $113 $161 $

03-5395 High Temperature Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 $75 $107 $03-5387 Hot Deformation of Aluminum Alloys 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 $123 $175 $03-5441 Materials Lifetime Science & Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 $91 $130 $03-5379 Surface Engineering in Materials Science II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 $124 $177 $03-5522 Energy Efcient Manufacturing Processes (4th MPMD Global Symp.) . . . 2 $65 $92 $

SubTotal $

If books are to be shipped, please complete the following.

Total Weight Calculate shipping fees from the chart (at left) $

$5 handling fee per order shipped. $

Publications TOTAL $

Refund policy:Written requests must be mailed to TMS, post-marked no later than February 3, 2003.A $50 processing fee will be charged for all cancellations. No refunds will be processed after February 3, 2003.

USA: 724-776-3770Fax registration requirescredit card payment.

http://www.tms.orgWeb registration requirescredit card payment.W

EB

FAX

MA

ILReturn with TMS, Meeting Servicespayment to: 184 Thorn Hill Road Warrendale, PA 15086

Member of: TMS ISS SME SPE Member Number:Dr. Prof.Mr. Mrs. Ms.

Last Name First Name Middle Initial

Employer/Afliation: Title:

Address: Business Home

City: State/Province: Zip/Postal Code: Country:

Telephone: Fax: E-Mail:

Guest/Spouse Name: Guests do not receive admission to technical sessions.

ADVANCE REGISTRATION FORM Payment must accompany form.Advance Registration Deadline: February 3, 2003 Forms received past this date will be processed at the on-site fee.

NOTE:If your order exceeds 12 pounds, add the amountthat it is over from the char t (at the left) to reach the totalweight of your order. [Example: 16 lbs. (delivered in U.S.A.)would be 12 lbs. ($8.00) + 4 lbs ($4.00) = 16 l bs. ($12.00)]

7. 2003 Membership Dues: For current TMS members only Full Member.............................................................................................................. $90 FM Junior Member.......................................................................................................... $55 JM ASM/TMS Joint Student Member............................................................................. $25 ST

WEIGHT AND ZONE CHARTWeight USA Canada Mexico Western Eastern Australia, Central, Pac. Rim, Middle East, Europe Europe New Zealand South America Asia India, Africa1 $2.50 $4.00 $4.50 $4.00 $5.00 $4.50 $5.00 $5.00 $6.502 $3.00 $5.00 $9.00 $8.00 $10.00 $9.00 $10.00 $10.00 $13.003 $3.50 $6.00 $13.50 $12.00 $15.00 $13.50 $15.00 $15.00 $19.504 $4.00 $7.00 $18.00 $16.00 $20.00 $18.00 $20.00 $20.00 $26.005 $4.50 $8.00 $22.50 $20.00 $25.00 $22.50 $25.00 $25.00 $32.506 $5.00 $9.00 $27.00 $24.00 $30.00 $27.00 $30.00 $30.00 $39.007 $5.50 $10.00 $31.50 $28.00 $35.00 $31.50 $35.00 $35.00 $45.508 $6.00 $11.00 $36.00 $32.00 $40.00 $36.00 $40.00 $40.00 $52.009 $6.50 $12.00 $40.50 $36.00 $45.00 $40.50 $45.00 $45.00 $58.5010 $7.00 $13.00 $45.00 $40.00 $50.00 $45.00 $50.00 $50.00 $65.0011 $7.50 $14.00 $49.50 $44.00 $55.00 $49.50 $55.00 $55.00 $71.5012 $8.00 $15.00 $54.00 $48.00 $60.00 $54.00 $60.00 $60.00 $78.00

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Tuesday

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Monday

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TMS has contracted a block of roomsat the headquarters hotel, San DiegoMarriott Hotel & Marina, along witheach of the hotels, and thereforehas assumed a nancial liability forany and all rooms in that block thatare not reserved. You are stronglyencouraged to reserve your room(s) atthe hotels listed to limit our nancialliability. Please help TMS achieveoverall success with the 132nd TMSAnnual Meeting & Exhibition bymaking your reservation at one ofthe listed hotels prior to the advancehousing deadline. Thank you.

Mail or fax this housing form to:Travel Planners, Inc., 381 Park Ave. South,New York, NY 10016FAX: 212-779-6128 PHONE: 800-221-3531, ext. 1(in 212, 718, 516, 914, 631 or international call 212-532-1660, ext. 1)(CHOOSE ONLY ONE OPTION)

Confrmations:Conrmations will be e-mailed,faxed or mailed to you from Travel Planners, Inc.once your reservation has been secured with adeposit. You will not receive a conrmation fromyour hotel. If you do not receive a conrmationwithin 7 days, please call Travel Planners, Inc.

Changes/Cancellations:All changes andcancellations in hotel reservations must be madewith Travel Planners, Inc. up until 3 business daysprior to arrival and are subject to the individualhotels cancellation policies. Cancellations andchanges within 3 days of arrival MUST be madewith your hotel directly. (If canceling or changinga room at the Hyatt after February 20, 2003, youmust call the Hyatt directly.) Many hotels arenow imposing fees for early departure. This rateis set by each hotel and may vary accordingly.Please reconrm your departure date at the timeof check-in.

Reservations/Deposits: All reservationsare being coordinated by Travel Planners, Inc.Arrangements for housing must be made through

Travel Planners, Inc. and NOT with the hoteldirectly. Reservations via Internet, phone or fax willbe accepted with a major credit card only. Housingforms and written requests will be accepted witha major credit card or deposit of one nights roomand tax payable to Travel Planners, Inc. Checkmust be drawn in US funds on a US bank. Nowire transfers will be accepted. Deposit policiesare set by each hotel, and are outlined on yourhotel conrmation.

Please read all hotel information prior to com-pleting and submitting this form to Travel Plan-ners, Inc. Keep a copy of this form. Use oneform per room required. Make additional copiesif needed.

Deposit Payment: Check American Express MasterCard VISA Discover Diners

Account Number Expiration Date

Card Holder Name Authorized Signature

Arrival Date Departure Date

Last Name First Name MI

Company

Street Address

City State/County Zip/Postal Code Country

Daytime Phone Fax

Additional Room Occupants

E-mail (conrmation will be sent via e-mail if address is provided)

Non-Smoking Room Requested Special Needs

Indicate 1st, 2nd, & 3rd hotel choice:

1.

2.

3.

HOUSING RESERVATION FORM

132nd Annual International Meeting & ExhibitionMarch 2-6, 2003 San Diego, California, USA

Reservations must be received at Travel Planners by: Monday, February 3, 2003

Type of Accomodations:(check one)

Single 1 person/1bed Double 2 people/1bed Twin 2 people/2 beds

Triple 3 people/2 beds Quad 4 people/2 beds

If all three (3) requested hotels are unavailable, please process thisreservation according to: (check one) ROOM RATE LOCATION

HEADQUARTERS

San Diego Marriott Hotel & Marina

$212/s/d $232/bayview

Clarion Hotel

$125/single $125/double

Westgate Hotel


The Horton Grand Hotel


Hyatt Regency San Diego


U.S. Grant Hotel


Embassy Suites Hotel


Best Western Bayside Inn$124/single $124/double

Holiday Inn on The Bay


Wyndham Emerald Plaza Hotel


availability, learn about your hotels features and services, and obtainlocal city and sightseeing information. Most importantly, you will receiveinstant conrmation of your reservation!

Making your reservation is easier than ever through Travel Plannersreal-time Internet reservation system! Just log on to www.tms.org,and follow the link to Travel Planners. You will be able to view actual


7/982 3 9

TUESDAY

Actinide Materials: Processing, Characterization,and Behavior: PlutoniumSponsored by: LightMetalsDivision,StructuralMaterialsDivision,ASM International: MaterialsScienceCritical TechnologySector,SMD-NuclearMaterials Committee-(Jt. ASM-MSCTS),LMD-ReactiveMetalsCommittee ProgramOrganizers: SeanM.McDeavitt,Argonne NationalLaboratory, ChemicalTechnology DivisionMaterialsDevelopment

Section,Argonne, IL60439-4837USA;MichaelF.Stevens,LosAlamos National Laboratory,LosAlamos, NM 87545USA

Tuesday AM Room: 4March 4, 2003 Location: San Diego Convention Center

SessionChair: SeanM.McDeavitt,Argonne National Laboratory,Cheml.Tech.Div.Matls.Dvlp.Sect.,Argonne, IL 60439-4837USA

8:30AM KeynoteAn Overview ofPlutonium:Metal,Ceramics, andChemistry:Siegfried S. Hecker1; 1LosAlamos NationalLaboratory,MST-DO,MSG754,LosAlamos, NM 87545USA Plutonium is themost complex element. It sitsnear themiddleof the actinide series and appears to occupy a unique posi tionwith noanalogues. In the solid state, the5f electrons in plutonium are caughtin an abrupt transition between being bonding and being localized,giving rise to very unusual propert iesespecia lly its instabilitywithtemperature, pressure , and chemistry. It ishighly reactive inmoist airand strongly reducing in solution, formingmultiple compounds andcomplexes in the environment and during chemical pro cessing. Inmolecular bonding, the prox imi ty of the 7s, 6d, and 5f electrons invalenceorbitals generates a strong competition among these configu-rationswhile the 5f electrons extend sufficiently far to favor highlydirectional bonding.Plutonium transmutes by radioactive decay,dam-aging its crystalline lattice and leaving behindhelium andother trans-mutation products in solidsandcausing radiolytic effects in solutionorin organicmaterials.

9:15AMThermalExpansion and GrneisenRatio of Invar-Like -Phase

Pu-Ga

Alloys: Andrew

C.

Lawson1

; JoyceA. Roberts2

;BarbaraMartinez3; 1Los Alamos Nat ional Laboratory,Matls. Sci.&Tech.Div.,MSH-805,LosAlamos, NM87545USA; 2LosAlamos NationalLaboratory,LosAlamos NeutronSci.Ctr.,MSH845,LosAlamos, NM87545USA; 3Los Alamos Nat ional Laboratory, Nucl. Matls.Tech.Div.,MSE574,LosAlamos, NM 87545USA Recentlywe showed that the thermal expansion behaviorof Pu-Gafollows theWeiss two-statemodel for the invar effect developed forFe-Ni alloys. In -phasePu, the thermal expansion behavior isdeter-mined by a competition between thenormal lattice expansionwith theexpansion associated with the thermal occupation of two localizedstates, a lower-energy higher volume state 1, and a higher energylower volume state 2.Higher temperature favors the occupation of the lower volume state.Usingmodel parameters appropriate forPu-Ga,wediscuss the consequences of the invarmodel for these alloys:atomicvolume, thermal expansion andGrneisen constantversus tem-perature andGa concentration.The competition between two thermalexpansionmechanisms leads to anomalous behaviors for these quanti-ties.

9:35AMThermodynamic Assessment of theStabilityProperties ofPu-BasedAlloys:Application of theCalphadMethodology: Pat ric eE.A . Turchi1; PatrickG. Allen1; ShihuaiZhou2;Zi-KuiLiu 2;LarryKaufman3; 1LawrenceLivermore National Laboratory,Dept.of Chem.&Matls.Sci.,POBox 808,Livermore,CA94551USA; 2ThePenn-sylvania StateUniversity,Dept. of Matls. Sci.&Eng.,UniversityPark,PA 16803USA; 3Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Dept.of Matls.Sci.&Eng.,Cambridge,MA02139USA The CALPHAD approach has been applied to the study of theequilibrium thermodynamic propertiesof Pu-Xalloys (X=Al,Fe,Ga,Ni).Predictions aremadeon the low temperature phasediagramsof Pu-Gaand Pu-Al for which controversy has bee n noted in the past . The

validity of the assessed thermodynamics is discussed by comparingpredicted heats of transformation withmeasured values fromDSC

analysis.An overall picture for the stability properties of Pu-Ga andPu-Al that reconciles the results of past studies carried out on thesealloys is proposed.Additional assessmentwill be presented for thePu-Ni system.Finally preliminary results are presentedonTTTdiagramsfor someof the reactionsoccurring inPu-Ga alloys, and suggestionsaremade for further studies.Thisworkwas performed under the aus-picesof theUSDepartmentof Energy by theUniversityof CaliforniaLawrenceLivermore Nat ional Laboratory underContract W-7405-ENG-48.

9:55AMMechanical Behavior of Delta-Phase Plutonium-Gallium Al -loys:GeorgeC. Kaschner1;MichaelG.Stout1;SiegfriedS.Hecker2;1Los Alamos National Laboratory,Matls.Sci.&Tech.Div.,MST-8,MSG755,LosAlamos, NM87545USA; 2LosAlamos NationalLabo-ratory,Matls.Sci.&Tech.Div.,MST-DO,MSG754,LosAlamos, NM87545USA In this report,we present a constitutivemodel that predicts theyield strength and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of delta-stabilizedplutonium-gallium alloys (Pu-Ga).Themodel accounts for the effectsof temperature, strain rate,grain size, andgallium (Ga) concentration.The coefficients in the model are based on ambient-pressure quasi-staticdata thatwere published in the open literature. Ourmodel hasbeen validated against approximately 50 different experiments forbothyield and ultimate strength.The predictedyield strengths agreedwith the experimentaldata towithin a1 standarddeviationof 15%.

Thegallium concentration has thegreatest affecton theyield strength.Therewasa50% increase inyield strength ranging fromPu-1at%GatoPu-6at%Ga.Thegrainsizealso producedameasurablestrengthen-ing effect, typical of face-centered-cubic (fcc)metals. The yieldstrength for amaterialwith10mgrain sizewas15%greater than for50mgrainsize.Finally,we found that therewerenoobservableyieldstrength effects from different amounts of either iron and nickel im-puri ties or carbon concentrations.

10:15AM Break

10:35AMElectronBackscatterDiffraction ofPlutonium-GalliumAlloys:Carl J. Boehlert1;ThomasG.Zocco2;RolandK.Schulze2; Jeremy N.Mitchell2;RamiroA.Pereyra2; 1AlfredUniversity,Sch. of Ceram.Eng.&Matls.Sci.,CEMS/McMahon Hall, 2Pine St.,Alfred, NY14802USA; 2Los Alamos NationalLaboratory, Nucl.Matls.Tech.,

MSG721,LosAlamos, NM 87545USA An experimental technique has been developed to characterizereactivemetals, including plutonium and cerium,using electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD).Microstructural characterization of pluto-nium and its alloys byEBSD had been previously elusive primarilybecause of the extreme toxicity and rapid surface oxidation rate asso-ciatedwith plutoniummetal.The experimental techniques,which in-cluded ion-sputtering themetal surfaceusing a scanning augermicro-probe (SAM) followed by vacuum transfer of the sample from theSAM to the scanning electronmicroscope (SEM),used toobtain elec-tron backscatterdiffractionKikuchi patterns (EBSPs) andorientationmaps for plutonium-gall ium alloys are described and preliminary mi-crostructuralobservations basedon the analysis arediscussed.Combin-ing theSEM andEBSDobservations, the phase transformation behav-ior between thed and e structures was explained.This demonstratedsample preparat ion and characterization technique is expected to be a

powerfulmeans to further understand phase transformation behavior,orientation relationships, and texture in the complicated plu ton iumalloy systems.

10:55AMInfluence ofFe on ElevatedTemperature PhaseTransforma-tions inPu-0.6Wt.%Ga: Daniel S. Schwartz1;ThomasG.Zocco1;RamiroA.Pereyra1;MichaelRamos1; 1LosAlamos NationalLabora-tory, NMT-16,POBox1663,MSG721,LosAlamos, NM87545USA Low concentrationsof Fe are thought tohave a significant effectupon phase transformations and homogenization kinetics in leanPu-Ga alloys above400C. Inorder to study this effect indetail,differen-tial scanning calorimetry (DSC) andopticalmicroscopywereused toexamine phase transformations in Pu-0.6wt.%Ga containing ~300wppmFe.A seriesof specimenscut from a castingof Pu-0.6wt.%Ga+ 300wppmFewere given 24 hour anneals at temperatures rangingfrom 450C to510C.The specimenswere subsequently scanned in the

DSC fromRT to 580C.The - and - solid state transformationsand the Pu6Femelt transitionwere examined in detail.Material an-


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departments of MaterialsScience andEngineering, NuclearEngineer-ing,AppliedMathematics,CivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,HealthSciences andTechnology andChemicalEngineering,withundergradu-ate and graduate student representation from a similar diversity of backgrounds. First half lectures covermodelingmethodologieswithassignments spanning lengthscales from electronic structureof simplemolecules, to percolation clusters, to Isingmodels, to finitedifferencemodeling of heat conduction and phase change.Students spend thesecond half working on term projects ,with lectures covering recentresearch breakthroughsmaking use of methodologies taught in thefirsthalf.This talkwill focuson experiences inmanaging the diversebackgrounds of students and faculty, both in terms of differences inapproach between departments, and also varyingmathematical and

computational backgrounds of the students.9:30AM InvitedA NewCourse Integrating Computational and ExperimentalMethods in MaterialsEngineering: James B. Adams1; ShahriarAnwar2; 1ArizonaStateUniversity, Cheml.&Matls.Eng.,POBox876006,Tempe,AZ 85287-6006USA InresponsetofeedbackfromourAdvisoryBoard,wecreatedanewcourse,MSE394Computational andExperimentalMethods inMate-rialsEngineering. This course is intended to follow our introductorymaterials course.The coursewas intended to provide studentswith anintegration of experimental and computational skills, aswill be ex-pected by future employers.This course includes an introduction toFortran programming, UNIX,LabView programming/data acquisition,crystal bui lding/modeling, OOF (microstructure evaluation and me-chanical behaviormodelling),Designof Experiments (concrete opti-mization), 4-point probemeasurements, and magnetic bubble behav-ior.Throughout the course, computational and experimental methodsare integrated asmuch as possible.

10:00AM Break

10:30AM InvitedObject Oriented Finite Element Modeling (OOF) of Micro-structures in aNewCourse in MaterialsEngineering: Shahriar Anwar1; JamesB.Adams1; Nikhilesh Chawla1; 1ArizonaStateUniver-sity,Cheml.&Matls.Eng.,Tempe,AZ 85287-6006 USA We are teaching anew course entitledComputational andExperi-mentalMethods in MaterialsEngineering aimed at the sophomore/junior level inmaterials engineering. Oneof the topics covered in thiscourse ismicrostructure-based simulationusing finite element analysistechniques.The tool thatwe use is a publ ic domain software calledOOF (ObjectOrientedFiniteElement)developed at the National In-stitute of Science&Technology (NIST).Wewill discuss our imple-

mentation of OOF in this course, aswell as improvements and on-going development based on feedback from our students.

11:00AM InvitedIncorporating Computational Materials Research intoGradu-ateCourses: AHands-On Approach: Diana Farkas 1; 1VirginiaTech,Matls.Sci.&Eng.,Blacksburg,VA24061USA Wedescribe a handson approach to incorporating computationalmaterials research into the graduate curriculum.The approach in-volves thestudentsactuallyusingatomisticsimulationcodesasahome-work tool.Theapproachhas beenused inagraduatecourseoncompu-tational techniques inmaterials science, and is also appropriate as ateaching tool inother courses, such asdislocation theory, and fracturemechanics.Theexamplesused involvecalculationsranging fromsimpledefects, such as surface energies and simple vacancies todislocationcore structure and simulations of fracture.

11:30AM InvitedFacing th e Challenge ofBiological Materials: From DNA toSelf-AssembledBilayers: Rob Phi lli ps1; 1Caltech,Div. of Eng.&Appl.Sci.,1200E.CaliforniaBlvd.,Pasadena,CA91125USA Model building inmaterialsscience isacrucialelementof thedriveto construct a new generation of materials based upon fundamentalunderstanding as opposed to enlightened empiricism.One class of materials of ever increasing importance is that of biologicalmateri-als ranging from the synthesis of artificial prot eins to the exploita-tionof molecularmotorsand beyond.Successfuluseof this broadclassof materials represents a truly interdisciplinary endeavor and posesintriguing challenges from the standpoint of education since itdrawsfrom biology, chemistry, physics,materials science andotherdomainsaswell.This talkwill examine someof the beautifulmodels thathavebeen set forth recently to respond to experiments in singlemoleculebiology and to showhow suchmodels (and their computational incar-

nations) and the associated experiments can be brought to the class-room setting.

Computational Phase Transformations:Fundamental Properties of Surfaces and InterfacesSponsored by: ASM International: MaterialsScienceCriticalTechnology Sector,Electronic,Magnetic& PhotonicMaterialsDivision,StructuralMaterialsDivision,MaterialsProcessing&Manufacturing Division,ASM/MSCTS-Thermodynamics &PhaseEquilibriaCommittee,MPMD-Computational MaterialsScience&Engineering-(Jt. ASM-MSCTS), Jt. EMPMD/SMD-Chemistry &Physics of MaterialsCommittee,PhaseTransformationCommit-tee-(Jt.ASM-MSCTS) ProgramOrganizers: YunzhiWang,TheOhioStateUniversity,

Departmentof MaterialsScience andEngineering,Columbus,OH43210USA;PerryLeo,University of Minnesota,Department of AerospaceEngineering andMechanics,Minneapolis, MN 55455USA;RalphE. Napolitano, IowaStateUniversity,AmesLaboratory,Departmentof MaterialsScience andEngineering, Ames, IA 50011USA;VidvudsOzolins,Sandia National Laboratories,Livermore,CA94551-0969USA;WolfgangWindl,TheOhioStateUniversity,Departmentof MaterialsScience andEngineering,Columbus,OH43210USA

Tuesday AM Room: 11BMarch 4, 2003 Location: San Diego Convention Center

SessionChairs: WolfgangWindl,TheOhioStateUniversity,Dept.of Matls.Sci.&Eng.,Columbus,OH43210USA; Jeffrey J.Hoyt,Sandia NationalLaboratories,Matls.&ProcessModlg.,Albuquerque,

NM 87122USA

8:30AM InvitedAcceleratedMolecularDynamics: Arthur F.Voter1; 1Los AlamosNationalLaboratory,Theoretl.Div.,MSB268,LosAlamos, NM87545USA A significant problem in the atomistic simulation of materials isthatmoleculardynamics simulations are limited tonanoseconds,whileimportant reactions anddiffusive events often occuron time scalesof microseconds and longer.Although rate constants for slow events canbe computed directly using transition state theory (with dynamicalcorrections if necessary), this requires first knowing the transitionstate.Often, however,we cannot even guesswhat eventswill occur.For example, in vapor-depositedmetallic surface growth, surprisinglycomplicated exchange events are pervasive. Iwill discuss recentlydevelopedmethods (hyperdynamics, par allel replica dynamics, and

temperature accelerated dynamics) for treating this problem of com-plex, infrequent-event processes.The idea is todirectly accelerate thedynamics to achieve longer timeswithout pri or knowledge of theavailable reaction pat hs. Iwill pre sen t our latestmethod develop-ments and some recent applications, includingmetallic surfacegrowthand deformation of carbon nanotubes.

9:00AM InvitedComputing th e Kinetic Coefficient in Solid-Liquid SystemsfromMolecularDynamics Simulations : Je ff rey J. Hoy t1;DeyunSun2;MarkD.Asta2;AlainKarma3; 1Sandia National Laboratories,Matls.&ProcessModlg.,Bldg.897,MS1411,Albuquerque, NM87122USA; 2 NorthwesternUniversity,Dept.of Matls.Sci.&Eng.,RobertR.McCormickSch.of Eng.&Appl.Sci.,2225 N.CampusDr.,Evanston,IL 60208USA; 3 Nor theastern University, Physics Dept., 111DanaRsrch.Ctr., 110ForsythSt.,Boston,MA02115USA Thekinetic coefficient is the constantof proport ionali ty betweenthe velocityof a solid-liquid interface and the interfaceundercooling.The value of the kinetic coefficient and its dependence on growthdirection are critical parameters in continuummodeling of dendriticsolidification. In the presen twork threemethods of extracting thekinetic coefficient frommolecular dynamics simulationswill be dis-cussed.The techniqueof fluctuationkinetics tracks fluctuationsof thesolid-liquid interface for a systemmaintained at themelting point .Acorrelation function describing the time dependence of the k-spacefluctuation amplitude can then be used to derive the kinetic coeffi-cient.A secondmethod, free solidification, employs constant NPTsimulations andmonitors the interface posit ion as a function of time.The free solidification techniquewill be discussed paying part icularattention to the means bywhich pressure is controlled. Finally, theimposed pressure technique employs solid-liquid systemsmain tainedat the melting point, but with high pres sures applied normal to theinterface. The pre ssure induced undercooling is obtained from the

Clausius-Claperyon relation.All three techniqueswill be compared forthecaseof pure Nimodeledusing interatomic potentialsof the embed-


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dedatom typeand rapidsolidification simulations will beused tostudythe phenomenon of disorder trapping in Ni-Al alloys.

9:30AM InvitedAtomistic Simulations ofAlloy Solid-Liquid Interfaces: MarkD. Asta1;DeyanSun1; Jeffrey J.Hoyt2;AlainKarma3; 1 NorthwesternUniversity,Dept. of Matls. Sci.&Eng.,Evanston, IL 60208-3108USA; 2Sandia National Laboratories,Albuquerque, NM87122USA;3 Northeas tern University,Boston,MA 02115USA Wedemonstrate theapplicationof Molecular-DynamicsandMonte-Carlo simulationmethods to the calculation of solid-liquid interfaceproperties relevant for the evolution of solidificationmicrostructureinmetallic alloys. Interfacial free energies, and their associated crys-

talline anisotropies, are computed from capillary fluctuation spectraderived from equilibriummolecular-dynamics simulations.We furtherdiscusshow interfacemobilities inalloy systemscan beextracted fromanalysesof capillary-fluctuation relaxationkinetics.These approachesare applied to studiesof solid-liquid interface properties in bothCu-Niand Al-Cu alloy systemsmodeled bymany-body interatomic poten-tialsof theembedded-atom form. Inorder to examineeffectsof soluteupon both kinetic and thermodynamic interface proper ties, calculatedresults foralloysarecompared in bothcases tocorrespondingvalues inthe associated pure solventmaterials.

10:00AM Break

10:15AM InvitedDirectCalculations ofCrystal-Melt InterfacialFreeEnergiesforSimpleMaterials: Brian B. Laird1; 1Universityof Kansas,Chem.,1251WescoeHallDr.,Lawrence,KS66045USA Usinga recentlydevelopedmolecular-dynamics simulation method[Davidchack and Laird,Phys.Rev.Lett. 85,4751 (2000)],we deter-mine the crystal-melt interfacial free energy for the hard-sphere andLennard-Jonesmodel systems as functionsof interfacial orientation.Inaddition, it is shown thatTurnbulls rule for the crystal-melt interfa-cial freeenergyof close packedmetalscan be explainedwithquantita-tive accuracy solely using the hard-spheremodel, indicating that thisquantity is primarily entropic in origin.

10:45AM InvitedThe Dependence of th e Anisotropic Solid-Liquid InterfacialFreeEnergy on Interatomic Potentials : James R. Morris 1;XueyuSong2; 1IowaStateUniversity,AmesLab.,USDOE,Metal&Ceram.Scis.,Ames, IA50011USA; 2IowaStateUniversity,Dept.of Chem.,303Wilhelm,Ames, IA 50011USA Wehave calculated the orientationdependence of the solid-liquidfree energy, examining the effect of interatomic potentia ls. The free

energy calculation examines the equilibrium fluctuations of the inter-face, usingmolecular dynamics simulations of the coexisting phases.The interfacial free energyof aluminumwas calculatedusing both theEmbeddedAtomMethod potenti als of Ercolessi and Adams, and of Mei andDavenport, with the modification fromSturgeon andLaird.We compare the resultswith eachother andwith experimental results,and also compare the liquid structure calculatedusing these potentialswith experimental results.Wehave also examined the interfacial freeenergy in a number of model systems, including the Lennard-Jonesinteraction and pur ely repulsive systems, to see how changing thepotent ial affects the interfacial proper tie s. Finally,wewill presen tpreliminary resultson thedirect calculationof the free energiesof thesolid and liquid phases, using amodifiedWeeks-Chandler-Anders onapproach that eliminates the need for simulations, and explore thepossibil ity of a similarlydirect calculation of the interfacial free en-ergy.

11:15AM InvitedInterfaceModeling :Chao Jiang1;Long-QingChen1; Zi -Kui Liu1;1The Pennsylvania StateUniversity,Dept. of Matls. Sci.& Eng.,UniversityPark,PA 16802USA Thekey issue in integrating bulk thermodynamic/kineticmodelingand kinetic simulation is the modeling of interfaces separating twophasesof the same structure or different structures. In this presenta-tion,various interfacemodeling techniqueswill be reviewed anddis-cussed in the frameworkof the interface types, thermodynamicmod-els, thermodynamics of solute segregation, and migration of inter-faces. Particular attentionwill be pa id to th e integration of th eCALPHAD-type thermodynamic andkineticmodelingwith the phase-field-typediffuse interface.

Defects and Deformation of Crystalline Solids - inHonor of Dr. Man H. Yoo - IIISponsored by: ASM International: MaterialsScienceCriticalTechnology Sector,Electronic,Magnetic& PhotonicMaterialsDivision,Structural MaterialsDivision, Jt. EMPMD/SMD-Chemistry&Physics of MaterialsCommittee,SMD-Mechanical Behavior of Materials-(Jt. ASM-MSCTS),SMD-Physical Metallurgy Committee ProgramOrganizers: JongK.Lee,MichiganTechnologicalUniversity, Metallurgical&MaterialsEngineeringDepartment,Houghton,MI 49931-1200USA;SeanR.Agnew,University of Virginia,MaterialsScience andEngineeringDepartment,

Charlottesville, VA 22904-4745USA;K. N.Subramanian,MichiganStateUniversity,Department of Material Science&Mechanics,EastLansing,MI 48824-1226USA

Tuesday AM Room: 17AMarch 4, 2003 Location: San Diego Convention Center

SessionChairs: DavidSrolovitz,PrincetonUniversity,Mechl.&Aeros.Eng.,Princeton, NJ 08544USA;HamishFraser,OhioStateUniversity,Dept.of Matls.Sci.&Eng.,Columbus,OH43210USA

8:30AM InvitedTheRelationship Between theOnset ofPlasticFlow in NearlyPerfect Silicon Samples and theBrittle to DuctileTransition: David P. Pope1; 1University of Pennsylvania,Dept. of Matls.Sci.&Eng., 3231WalnutSt.,Philadelphia,PA 19104USA Nearly perfect single crystallineSiwafershave been extensivelyused in the past ten years to study dislocation activity at the BDTTbecause theabsenceof pre-existingdislocations in thesesamplesmeansthat all dislocations aregenerated at the transition. However to date,most of the experiments have been conducted on notched or pre -crackedsamples becauseitiswidely believed that theBDTresultsfromsome type of crack-tip phenomenon. We believe that theBDToccurswhen a critical combination of stress and temperature results in thegenerationof an avalanche of dislocations in thematerial, permittinggeneral yielding. In this view, a crack-tip is not necessary for thetransition but itmay serve as the stress concentrator that precipitatesthe avalanche of dislocations.To test this hypothesis, experimentswere pe rfo rmed on a large number of dislocation free, notch freesiliconspecimens, producedusing photolithography.Thesesilicon beamswere tested in bending at various elevated temperatures an d strain-rates and reveal a strain-rate dependent brit tle-to-ductile transition in

these defect-free samples.Dislocation etch-pit analysis of the samplesurfaces show thatmassivedislocation activityoccurs prior toyieldingin thehighest stressed portionsof the beam. In addition, the scanningelectronmicroscope images reveal aqualitative increase indislocationactivity above theBDTT, in agreementwith theobservedupperyieldpoint behavior.The Khantha-Pope-Vitekmodel of the BDT is pro -posed to address thesenewobservations.

8:55AMDislocation-SoluteAtom Interactions in Mo-W andTa-WAl -loys Studied by a Kinetic Monte Carlo Model : Chaitanya S.Deo1;David J.Srolovitz1;WeiCai 2;VasilyV.Bulatov2; 1PrincetonUniversity,Mechl.&Aeros.Eng.,Princeton, NJ08544USA;2LawrenceLivermore NationalLaboratory,Chem.&Matls.Sci.,Livermore,CA94550USA Crystal plas tici ty inmetals and alloys depends on the nature of interactions between dislocations and solutes in addition to thedislo-cation behavior that is present in pure metals.DislocationDynamics(DD) simulations requiremobility laws that prescribe the behavior andvelocity of a dislocation as a function of solute concentration, tem-perature and applied stress.We present a kineticMonteCarlo (kMC)simulationof theglideof a singleoriented screwdislocationonthe (011) plane inMo andTa in the presenceof substitutional tung-sten (W) atoms.ThekMC simulation isused todevelopmobility lawsprescribing thedependence of the dislocation velocity on thedrivingforce and on the inhibiting lattice and solute resistance.TheW atomsare substitutional impuritiesdistributed in threedimensions around thescrew dislocation and create a small distortion in theTa andMo lat-tice.Both short range and long range solute-dislocation interactionsare included in themodel.Thedislocation motion is r epresented bythekinkmodel,which explicitly includesdoublekinknucleation,kinkmigration and kink-kink annihilation.We integrate over the initialevolutionof the embryonicdoublekink by treating thedoublekink as

aone-dimensional randomwalker andobtaining thedistributionof theelapsed time before thedoublekink stabilizes. Incorporationof such a


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In contrast to the direct problem approach,which employs as-sumed values of material properties in coupled equations of energy,momentum, andmass transport to calculate the temperature historiesoccurringduringwelding processes, the inverse problemapproachusesinformation about the actual temperature(s) achieved duringweldingto constrain calculationsof theweld thermal field.This talkwilldis-cuss the application of this inverse problem approach to friction stirwelding and its relationship to the direct problem approach.Finally,the model predic tions will be compared to experimental data fromthermocouplemeasurements, thermal simulations of the various re-gionsof the friction stirwelds,microhardnessmeasurements, andmi-crostructural characterizations in actual friction stirwelds.

General Abstracts: Smelting, Melting, and EffluentControlSponsored by: TMS Program Organizers: TMS,Warrendale,PA15086USA;EricM.Taleff,University of Texas,MechanicalEngineeringDepartment,Austin,TX 78712-1063USA


SessionChairs: RobertL.Stephens,TeckComincoMetalsLtd.,Trail,BritishColumbiaV1R 4L8Canada;AdrianDeneys,PraxairInc.,Tarrytown, NY 10591-6717USA

8:30AMImprovedMaintenanceTechniques for INCOsTwoFlashSmelt-ing Furnaces: Randy E. Lawson 1;DarrylD.Cooke2; 1INCO,Ltd.,SmelterMaintenance, SmelterOffices,CopperCliff,Ontario P0M1N0 Canada; 2INCO, Ltd., SmelterTechl. Services,CopperCliff,OntarioP0M 1N0Canada INCOsCopperCliff Smelterhouses twoFlashSmeltingFurnacesto process 100%of the copper-nickel concentrate produced from theSudbury areamines.On-line timeof these furnaces iskey tomaintain-ing throughput to thedownstream processes. Increased furnace through-put and variations in slag temperature have resulted in acceleratedwear of the furnace refractory. In order to minimize the effect of furnace downtime on produc tion, an accelerated cool-down/repair/heat-up schedulewas fabricated to fitwithin the schedule for repairsrequired to INCOsoxygen plant. The engineeringof aunique systemforsupporting the furnace sidewallsallowed repairs to becompletedon

thehighwear areasof the furnace including thematte tapholes.Thispaper alsodiscusses the various techniques used for the furnace roof repairs, tie-ins to existing brickwork, co-ordinationof mechanical andrefractory contractors, replacement of a leaking uptake transitionblock and the achievements in the cool-down and heat-up schedules.

8:50AMObservations on BlisterCopperSpitting: Me li ssa L. Trapani1;RossK.Andrews1;DennisMontgomerie2;AndrewK.Kyllo1; 1TheUniversity of Melbourne, G.K.WilliamsCtr. forExtractiveMetall.,Dept. of Cheml.Eng.,Melbourne, Victoria 3010Australia; 2WMCOlympicDam,POBox150,RoxbyDowns,S.Australia5725Austra-lia Blister spitting is a flow irregularitywhere the molten blistercopper stream - or part thereof - sprays from the taphole exit ratherthan following a regular flow profile to the collection box.Aswell asbeing a general housekeeping issue, theunpredictable nature of theflow is a threat to operator safety.Also, the aggressive flow patternmay contribute to themechanicalwear of taphole refractory, compro-mising the integrity of the taphole.This paper brings together a col-lection of first-handobservations and reports from process personnel,and suggests some theories as to the causesof blister spitting.

9:10AMInstrumentation of aProduction Taphole : Meli ssa L. Trapani1;RossK.Andrews1;DennisMontgomerie2;AndrewK.Kyllo1; NeilB.Gray1; 1TheUniversityof Melbourne,G.K.WilliamsCtr. forExtrac-tiveMetall.,Dept.of Cheml.Eng.,Melbourne,Victoria3010Austra-lia; 2WMCOlympicDam,POBox 150,RoxbyDowns,S.Australia5725Australia Many smelters have sought to improve their tapping systems,embarking on taphole development programs, which consist of a se-riesof incrementalmodifications to anoriginal tapholedesign.Modi-

fying tapholeswithout sufficiently understanding them has led to theinstallation of hazardous tapholes, and in some cases dangerous and

costly events have occurred. An improved taphole designmethodol-ogy,developed specifically to avoid this scenario, is currently beingapplied to a production taphole.This paper provides: adiscussion of themajor challenges that comewith the instrumentation of an indus-trial taphole, results from the plant trial, and thedetailsof how theseresults are facilitating an improved tapholedesign.

9:30AM CancelledImprovedPluggingTechnology forWater Jackets in FS Fur-naces: Pekka A.Taskinen1;VeikkoPolvi1;TuijaK.Suortti1; IlkkaV.Kojo2;PekkaSetl3;PasiRanne4; 1OutokumpuResearch,POBox60,PoriFIN-28101Finland; 2OutokumpuTechnology,POBox862,EspooFIN-02201Finland; 3OutokumpuHarjavaltaMetals,Teollisuuskatu 1,

Harjavalta FIN-29200 Finland; 4

Outokumpu Poricopper, Kuparitie,PoriFIN-28101Finland

9:50AMNon-Destructive Inverse Determination of Refractory WallMaterialWearConfigurations in MeltingFunaces:George S.Dulikrav ich1;Thomas J.Martin2; 1University of Texas atArlington,Mech.&Aeros.Eng.Dept.,MultidisciplinaryAnaly., InverseDesign&Optimization (MAIDO) Prog.,UTABox 19018,Arlington,TX76019USA; 2Pratt&WhitneyEngineCompany,TurbineDisciplineEng.&OptimizationGrp.,400MainSt.,MS165-16,E.Hartford,CT06108USA From the existing thermocouplesmeasurementson theouter sur-face of thehearth sectionof the furnace, it is possible toobtain bothtemperature and heat flux distribution on that surface.This providesfor the over-specified thermal bounda ry conditions on this surfacethat is essential for our inverse algorithm,which can determine the

corresponding temperature distribution on the guessed shape of therefractory/melt interface. If we insist that the wall refractorywearsurface is at themelt solidus temperature, thenonlyone possible wearsurface configurationwill have such isothermal condition.The correctshape of the wear surface is determined iterativelywith our inverseshape determination algorithm that is based on an elasticmembraneconcept andFourier series formulation.This inverse approach to in-nerwall shapedetermination is considerably faster than if utilizing anoptimization algorithm thus providing for a real-timemonitoring toolof wear surface configuration.

10:10AM Break

10:20AMEnvironmental Management ofSelenium:CaseStudies: KarenA. Hagelstein1; 1Times,Ltd.,1604LeopardSt.,Sheridan,WY82801USA

This presentat ionwill provide case studies in the environmentalmanagement of selenium from the aluminum, recycling, and miningindustries.Selenium-containingwaste streams, sources, and applicableUSA regulations will be discussed. The toxicological andbioaccumulative propertiesof seleniumwill beoutlinedwith respect torisk assessments and site specific criteria.Case studieswill focusonmonitoring, treatment, transport, and disposal prac tices inmanagingseleniumwastes and emissions from primary and secondary aluminumoperations. The sources of selenium such as dross, scrap, aluminum,and steel alloys containingmanganese/selenium will be addressed.Sec-ondary aluminum processing solidwaste, such as baghouse dust, aresubject to additional regulatory requirements if classified ashazardousby the toxicity characteristic leaching procedu re (USEPATCLP).Hazardous air pol lutants (HAPs), including par ticula tes and poten-tially selenium emissions,will be assessedwith respect tooperationalvariables, processed materials, treatment/control technologies, andhealth-based standards.

10:40AMNano-Filtration ofContaminated Solutions UsingAvianKera-tinProtein: Manoranjan Misra 1; Piyush Kar1;AshokRaichur2;CarloLicata3;GautamPriyadarshan1; 1Universityof Nevada-Reno,MackaySch.of Mines,Metall.&Matls.Eng.,MS388,Reno, NV89557USA;2Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Dept. of Metallurgl.Eng.,Bangalore India; 3MaXimBiosystems, 1015 N.LakeAve.,Ste. 313,Pasadena,CA91104USA AvianKeratin Fiber is a form of animal fibrous protein and isderived from feathersof birds suchaschickenand turkeyandhas beenproj ected here as an idealmaterials for biosorption and removal of metals from solutions. It ishydrophobic, stableover awide pH range,andhas ahigh surfacearea. It is an abundant bioresource and a cheapalternative to conventional adsorbents like activated carbon and ion-exchange resins.Thismaterial is primarily b-kera tin and is nearly

100% prote in in its constitution. The keratin protein fiber is an intri-cate network of prote in fibers that are high in surface area and it


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of microcracks occurred ahead of the primary crack as a result of deformation twins impinging on grain bounda rieswith little or nostrain transfer to the adjacentgrain.Measurement of twinwidth andlocal straingenerated by these twins indicates thatmicrocracks tend to form in conjunctionwith thicker twins that impose higher localstrains at the boundary when there is poor compatibilityof twinswithdeformation systems in adjacent grains.Thisworkwas supported bytheAirForceOfficeof ScientificResearchunder#AFRLno.F49620-01-1-0116,monitored byDr.CraigHartley, and by theMichiganStateUniversityCompositeMaterialsStructures Center.

10:50AM InvitedThe Influence ofMicrostructure and SurfaceResidualStresses

on

Pre-Yield

Cracking

in

TiAl

Alloys: Xinhua

Wu1

;Dawei Hu1

;Mike H. Loretto1; 1University of Birmingham, IRC in Matls.,Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TTUK The tendency for fully lamellar samplesof TiAl alloys to crackatstresseswell below theirmacroscopic yield stress has been demon-strated in recentwork and because this pre-yield cracking has beenfound to act as failure initiation sitesduring subsequent fatigue testingamajor programme isunderway to increaseourunderstandingof thisphenomenon.A number of TiAl-based alloys are being assessed todetermine the influenceof microstructure, of surface finish andof thenature and levelof residual surface stresseson the extentof pre-yieldcracking during tensile testing.At this stage it has been shown thatboth the microstructure and surface finish are important andwork isunderway to relate theseobservations to theextentof residual stressesinmachined, polished and in shot-peened samples in threeTiAlalloyswhichhaveverydifferentmicrostructures.Thisworkwill be reported.

11:20AMIncorporating Damage Tolerance Considerations to Ai d th eInsertion ofGamma TitaniumAluminides in Fracture-Criti-ca l Applications : Jame s M. La rs en 1; AndrewH. Rosenberger 1;KezhongLi2;Reji John1;William J. Porter2; 1Air ForceResearchLaboratory,AFRL/MLLMN, 2230Tenth St., Ste. 1, WPAFB, OH45433-7817USA; 2University of DaytonResearch Institute,300Col-legePark,Dayton,OH 45469USA Effective and timely transitionof gamma titanium aluminides intofracture-critical components in turbine engineswill require the coop-eration of numerous organizations in the industry and government.This pre sen tat ion explores the role of damage tolerance consider-ations for key fatigue-limited engine components, and discusses op-por tunities and impediments for material insertion.Data from thegammaTiAl alloyK5 (Ti-46.5Al-3Nb-2Cr-0.2W) are used to illus-trate the role of the materials resistance to fatigue crack initiation,

small-crackgrowth, and fracture,with emphasis on the importanceof understanding statisticalvariability inmaterial properties and the rela-tionship of this variability tomicrostructure. Inmany instances, un-derstanding these relationships appears tohold thekey towidespreadacceptance of limited-ductility materials for use in fracture-criticalapplications.

11:40AMImpactResistance ofVariousCastGammaAlloys : Brad le y A.Lerch1;SusanL.Draper2;J.MichaelPereira3;WymanZhuang4; 1 NASA-GRC, 21000BrookparkRd.,MS 49-7,Cleveland,OH 44135USA;2 NASA-GRC,MS49-1,Cleveland,OH44135USA; 3 NASA-GRC,MS49-8,Cleveland, OH 44135USA; 4Aeronautical and MaritimeRe-searchLaboratory,Airframes&Engines Div.,Melbourne,Victoria3207Australia This paperwill presen t a summary of a six-year study on theimpact resistanceof castgammaTiAl.Severalgamma alloys (48-2-2,

47-2-2,ABB-2,ABB-23 and NCG) were bal lis tically impacted andvariables such as impact energy, projectile hardness and impact loca-tionwere related to the resulting damage.The goalwas to producedamage thatwas similar to the domestic object damage found in lowpressure turbine blades in aircraftengines.Damaged sampleswere sub-sequently tested under high cycle fatigue loading using the step-testmethod.The fatigue strength of each alloywas characterized as afunctionof initial crack size and successfullymodeled using a thresh-old-based fracturemechanics approach.Differences among the vari-ous alloyswill be discussed, particular lywith respect to their tensileproperties, fatigue limits and fatigue crack thresholds, and their affecton the impactdamage anddamage toleranceof each alloy.

12:00PMFracture Processes and the R-Curves for FatigueCrackPropa-gation inGamma-TiAl: Reinhard Pippan1;AndreasTesch1;MatthiasHck2;ManuelBeschliesser3;HeinrichKestler4; 1AustrianAcademyof

Sciences,ErichSchmid Inst. of Matls.Sci., Jahnstrasse 12,Leoben,StyriaA-8700Austria; 2University of Leoben, Inst.of MetalPhysics

8700Austria; 3University of Leoben, Inst.of Physl.Metall.&Matls.Testing8700Austria; 4PlanseeAG,ReutteA-6600Austria The fracture toughness aswell as the fatigue crack propagationresistance exhibits strongR-curve behavior.The effectof microstruc-turewas investigated in this study.The fracture toughness, the fatiguecrack propagat ion behavior aswell as the crack lengthdependenceof these properties were studied ina coarse-grained designed fully lamel-lar,a fine-grainednearGammaand the corresponding agedmicrostruc-tures (10.000hours at700C). Inorder to analyse the fracture processand to visualize the crack tip shieldingmechanisms in situ fracturetoughness tests in the scanning electronmicroscopewere performed.The effectof microstructureand agingwill bediscussed.

12:20

PMHighTemperatureAssessment andFracture ofGammaTiAlIntermetallics: Bilal Dogan1; 1GKSSResearchCentre,Max-Planck-Str. 1,Geesthacht 21502Germany Development of unified lifingmethodology for fracture criticalcomponents will provide assurance for new innovative constructionsof gas turbines in choiceof materials and/or fabricationmethods andassurance in operation.Safe engine operationwith extended compo-nent life and enhanced decision making processes is facilitated byvalidateddefect assessment procedures.Guidelines andmethodologiesforhigh temperaturedefect assessmentof conventionalmaterials andin-house expertise exist inEurope andworldwide. Introductionof newmaterials, such asgamma basedTiAl intermetallics,offermany poten-tial benefits to gas turbine industry, thoughwith lower ductility andfracture toughness than thoseof nickel based alloys.Hence,designersandmanufacturers arechallenged for theiruse in aero-engines, and bytheoperators in assessmentof service performance and safeoperationof TiAl components.Present paper reviews the defect assessment andlifingmethodologies for high temperature fracture critical compo-nents. Fracture toughness and crack growth of gamma bas ed TiAlintermetallics,Ti48Al2Cr and Ti47Al4.3(Cr,Mn,Nb,Si,B) alloys at700C are reported.Creepdeformation and crack growth behavioursare studied in anattempt to pave theway fordeveloping a life assess-mentmethodology for componentsmadeof advancedTiAl base inter-metallic alloys.

International Symposium on Intermetallic andAdvanced Metallic Materials -A Symposium Dedicated to Dr. C. T. Liu:Intermetallics IIIMulti-Phase IntermetallicsSponsored by: ASM International: MaterialsScienceCriticalTechnologySector,Structural MaterialsDivision,SMD-MechanicalBehavior of Materials-(Jt. ASM-MSCTS) ProgramOrganizers: SeetharamaC.Deevi,PhilipMorrisUSA,ResearchCenter,Richmond,VA23234USA;FritzAppel,GKSSResearchCentre,Geesthacht D-21502Germany;RobertW.Cahn,Universityof Cambridge,MaterialsScience andMetallurgy,CambridgeCB23QZUK;Y.AustinChang,University of Wiscon-sin-Madison, Departmentof MaterialsScience&Engineering,Madison,WI 53706-1595USA;GuoLiangChen,Universityof Science andTechnology-Beijing,StateKeyLaboratory forAdvancedMetals andMaterials,Beijing 100083China;Yip-WahChung, Northwestern University,Department of MaterialsScience&Engineering,Evanston, IL60208-3108 USA;ShujiHanada,TohokuUniversity, Sendai 980-8577 Japan;LindaHorton,OakRidge NationalLaboratory,Metals andCeramicsDivision,OakRidge,TN37831-6132 USA;PeterK.Liaw,University of Tennes-

see,Department of MaterialsScience andEngineering,Knoxville,TN 37996-2200USA;Dong-Liang Lin,Shangai Jiao-TongUniversity,Shangai200030China;T.G. Nieh, LawrenceLivermoreNational Laboratory,Livermore, CA 94551USA;MasaharuYamaguchi,KyotoUniversity,Department of MaterialsScience&Engineering,Kyoto 606-8501 Japan

Tuesday AM Room: 8March 4, 2003 Location: San Diego Convention Center

SessionChairs: RobertW.Cahn,Universityof Cambridge,Dept.of Matls.Sci.&Metall.,CambridgeCB23QZUK;Yip-WahChung,NorthwesternUniversity,Dept. of Matls.Sci.&Eng.,Evanston, IL60208-3108 USA


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28331Germany; 3ClemsonUniversity,Dept.of Mechl.Eng.,Clemson,SC29631USA The developmentof adiscrete jet, close-coupled gas atomizationnozzlewhich operates over awide pressure range in an openwakecondition has enabled the study of the effect of gas velocity, fromMach 2.5 to 3.5, on the size distribution of the resulting powder.Achievement of a sufficiently narrow geometric standard deviation,1.95or less, of the powder size results permi tted ameaningful com-par isonwith the mean size predicti ons of two atomizationmodelsbased on capillary and accelerationwave formation.High-speed cin-ematography permittedobservationof near-field (primary) anddown-stream (secondary)melt break-up processes.Correlationswith gas-onlymeasurements and schlieren imaging detected changes inwake

recirculation related tomelt stream splitting as a function of atomiza-tiongas pressure (for N2 andAr)andnozzledesign.Analysisof theseresults suggests furtherwork to increaseunderstandingof this complexprocess. Support byUSDOE-BES and the ProcessScience Initiativeunder contract no. W-7405-Eng-82.

10:40AMBarium-Strontium Titanate Powder Synthesis in a ThermalPlasmaReactor:PatrickR.Taylor1; Edgar E.Vidal1;AnaM.Vera-Arcetti2; 1ColoradoSchool of Mines,Dept. of Metallurgl.&Matls.Eng., 1500 Illinois St.,HillHall,Golden,CO 80401-1887 USA;2Indinvest,S.p.A. ,ProductionDept.,Biassono,Milan Italy The synthesis of high-purity ultra-fine barium strontium titanatepowders (BST:Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3) has been performed in a non-trans-ferred arcD.C. thermal plasma reactor.Slurriesof barium and stron-tiumnitratesand titaniumdioxidewereusedas precursors.Oxygenandargonwereused as carriergas, and pure argon and combinationsof argonandnitrogenwereusedas plasmagases.The plasma torch powerwasvaried,aswellas theoxygen flow rateand the totalmolarconcen-trationof the precursors.Agraphite platewasdesigned to protect thetorch electrode and lower the level of impurities in the product. Thepowder s collected from the different sections of the reactorwerecharacterized usingTransmission andScanningElectronMicroscopy,X-RayDiffraction,andchemicalanalysis.The powders producedshowedtotal conversion toBST, ultra-fine part icle size (


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laws indicate that it should be possible to computewith a power effi-ciency that is at least one bil lion times bet ter than pre sen t siliconelectronics.Themost straightforwardway currentlyknown to achievesuch efficiencies are to fabricate circuitsverymuch smaller than theyareat present.Thus, there is a tremendous business incentive to inventnew electronic devices and circuits thatwill havedimensions of theorder of nanometers. In addition, new fabrication techniques will berequired that can inexpensively produce and connect thesedevices invast quantities. In order to satisfy both requirements simultaneously,we have assembled a trans-disciplinary team of chemists, physicis ts,engineers and computer scientists atHPLabs to explore the use of molecules as active electronicdevices.

9:15

AMNanoscale MolecularElectronic Circuits : YongChen1; 1Hewlett-PackardLaboratories, 1501PageMillRd.,MS 1123,PaloAlto,CA94304USA Within thenext twodecades theminiaturization of Si-basedmicro-electronic circuitswill gradually approach its scientific, technical, andeconomic limits.Meanwhile recent advances inmolecular electronicshas led to considerable promise of scaling circuits further down atnanometer scaledue to the inherently smallnatureof molecule. Inourlab,wehaveusedmoleculeswith bistable electronic properties to fab-ricatehigh-densitymemory circuits.Themetal electrodeswere fabri-cated by imprinting lithography at sub-50nm scale.Langmuir-Blodgettmolecular thin filmswith switchable electronic proper ties were sand-wiched between the nanoscalemetal-electrodes.Bistable electronicstatueswithhighon-off ratio and reversible switching propertieshavebeenobserved in thesedevices.With thenanoscaledevices, fully func-tionalhigh-densitymemory circuitswere fabricated anddemonstrated.Thedesignof molecules,devices, and their circuit applications will bediscussed.

10:00AMMoleculeCascades for Computation: Andreas J. Heinric h1;Chris-topher P.Lutz1; Jay A.Gupta1;DonaldM.Eigler1; 1IBM AlmadenResearchCenter,650HarryRd.,D1,San Jose,CA95120USA Molecule cascades provide newopportunities to study andutilizethe controlledmotion of adsorbates on surfaces.The motion of oneCOmoleculeonaCu (111)surfacecausesanearbymolecule tohop toa new site,which in turnmoves anothermolecule, and so on in acascadeof motion similar to a rowof topplingdominoes.By combin-ingSTM atom-manipulation and in-situ isotope selectionwe study thehoppingmechanismof suchmolecule cascades.We find the surprisingresult that entireCOmoleculeshop byquantum tunneling at tempera-tures between0.5K and6K!An interesting applicationof molecule

cascades is computationon thenanometer length scale.We show thatmolecule cascades can provide all of the devices and interconnectsrequired for the one-time computation of an arbitrary logic function.

10:45AMBiomolecularApproaches to Nanostructure Assembly: AnandJagota1; 1DuPont,CR&D,E356/317A,ExperimentalSta.,Wilmington,DE 19880-0356USA Thistalkwilldescribeworkinourgrouponnovelusesof biologicalmolecules fo r assembly of nanostructures with application tonanoelectronicdevices.Specifically,wewilldescribe a familyof pep-tides that bind to carbon nanotubes.These have been discovered byapplicationof the phage display technique; binding has been verifiedindependently.This findingoffers away bywhich carbonnanotubescan be functionalized by biological molecules,opening the possibilit iesof separation,handling, and placement. Wewill alsodescribe the con-struction of DNA-nanoparticle assemblieswherewe can demonstrate

remarkable control on the structure by prior control on nanoparticlesize,non-specific binding, and ligand number.Wewill also report onnanoparticle assemblies thatmakeuseof specific prote in-DNA inter-actions.Finally,weshowhowmicrotubulescan beusedasscaffoldsandtemplates to construct conducting rods.Microtubules,which are com-posedof repeatingunitsof alpha and beta tubulin, form ahigh aspectratio tubeabout25nm indiameterandup to tensof microns long.Wewilldescribe techniques formetallizationof themicrotubule beforeorafter immobilization on a substrate, resulting in conducting nanorodsorwires.

Surface Engineering in Materials Science - II:Surface Engineering and ModifactionSponsored by: MaterialsProcessing&ManufacturingDivision,MPMD-SurfaceEngineeringCommittee ProgramOrganizers: SudiptaSeal,Universityof CentralFlorida,AdvancedMaterialsProcessing andAnalysisCenter andMechanical,Materials andAerospaceEngineering, Oviedo,FL32765-7962 USA;A.Agarwal,PlasmaProcesses, Inc.,Huntsville,AL25811-1558USA; NarendraB.Dahotre,University of Tennessee-Knoxville,Department of Materials Science&Engineering, Knoxville,TN37932USA; John J.Moore,ColoradoSchool of Mines,Department

of Metallurgy andMaterialsEngineering,Golden,CO80401USA;C.Suryanarayana,University of CentralFlorida,Mechanical,Materials&AerospaceEngineering,Orlando,FL 32816USA


SessionChairs: N.B.Dahotre,Universityof Tennessee-Knoxville,Dept.of Matls.Sci.&Eng.,Knoxville,TN37932USA; J.Majumdar,University of Michigan,Dept. of Mechl.Eng.&Matls.Sci.&Eng.,AnnArbor,MI 48109-2125USA

8:30AM InvitedProcessing,Microstructure and WearPropertiesofTi-BaseAl-loysStrengthened: Jeff Th.M.de Hosson1; 1Universityof Groningen,Dept. of Appl. Physics,Matls.Sci.Ctr.& the Netherlands Inst. forMetalsRsrch., Nijenborgh 4,Groningen 9747AGThe Nether lands In this study theLaserMelt Injection (LMI) process isexplored tocreate aMetalMatrixComposite (MMC) consisting of 80m sizedWC pa rt ic les embedded in the top layer of aTi-6Al-4V alloy. Inparticular the influencesof the principal process parameters,e.g. powerdensity, scanning speed and power flow rate,on thedimensionsof thelaser track and microstructural features are examined.An importantfinding is that the part icle distribution is homogeneous and that theparticlesare injectedover thewholedepthandwholewidthof themeltpool .Themicrostructurewas investigated by advanced transmissionelectronmicroscopy including energy filtering techniques and scan-ning electronmicroscopy with an integrated ElectronBack-ScatterDiffraction/Orientation ImagingMicroscopy (OIM). In the resolidi-fiedTi-alloymelt pool TiC dendrites andWgrains are found.Occa-sionally a crystalorientation relation betweenWC,W2C and TiC isobserved, dependingon theWC interface.

9:00AMSilicon Carbide Coating on Ti-6Al-4VAlloyUsingLaser Sur-faceModification: Abhijeet Prakash Joshi1;MarioF.Arenas1;RamanaG.Reddy1; 1University of Alabama,Metall.&Matls.Eng.,POBox870202,Tuscaloosa,AL 35487-0202USA Ti-6Al-4V is an alloywith awide range of applications in theaviationand space industriesdue to itsexcellent properties suchas lowdensity,highmelting poin t,high tensile strength, good corrosion re-sistance and formability.However, it suffers from poorwear resistanceandhas a high friction coefficient, limiting its industrialwidespreaduse.Laser surfacemodification provides an excellent approach forimprovingwear resistance. In this study, experimentswere carriedoutusing pulse Nd-YAG laser to inducemelting and reactionof a powderSiC placed on the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy.The experimentswere performed in an inert atmosphere of argon gas.A dispersivelyreinforcedSiC coatingwas formedon the surfaceof Ti-6Al-4V alloy.Opticalmicroscopy,X-ray diffractometery (XRD), scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), andhardness testingwereused to characterize thecoating formed.Results showed an improvement inwear resistance.

9:20AMTheEffects ofPhosphateTreatment on SurfaceFriction andCoatingDelamination ofGalvannealed Steel: Doojin Paik1;GaryM.Michal1; 1CaseWesternReserveUniversity,Dept.of Matls.Sci.&Eng.,10900EuclidAve.,Cleveland,OH 44106-7204USA Phosphate coatings on the surface of ametal during a formingoperation are known to reduce surface friction.Recently phosphatehas been applied to the surfaceof galvanneal coatingsonhighly form-able steel sheet substrates.Such phosphate treatmentshave been foundto bothdecrease surface friction and increase the amountof galvannealcoating delamination that occurs during a forming operation.To ex-plore a possible relationship among coatingdelamination, surface fric-

tion and the presence of phosphate thedeformation statesof drawing,plane strain and biaxia l stretchingwere applied to candidate samples.


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Diego,CA 92128-2720USA; 2Universityof California,Matls.Sci.&Eng.,585EvansHall#1760,Berkeley,CA94720-1760USA; 3PurdueUniversity,Sch. of Matls.Eng., 1289MSEEBldg.,W.Lafayette, IN47907-1289 USA Computational techniques are playing an increasing role in engi-neering education.One indicator is the number of engineering text-books that containCD-ROMdiskswith associated software.The con-tent of severalCD-ROM discs frommaterials textbooks is reviewed,and compared toCD content from chemical andmechanical engineer-ing texts.Theuse of web pages to enhance the educational value of texts is also reviewed.Details aregivenof theCDdiskmaterial fromnew revisions of the following texts: Production and Processing of InorganicMaterials,SecondEdition, by JamesW.Evans andLutgard

C.De Jonghe (2002), and Introduction to the Thermodynamics of Materials,FourthEdition, byDavidR.Gaskell (2002).TheCD foreach text has two types of content. First, a large set of thermody-namicdata asanExceldatabase,whichextends the rather limiteddataoften found in text appendices. Second,many examples (keyed toproblems and exercises from the text) are solvedusingExcels chart-ing, data analysis, goal-seek and solver tools.Typical examples fromeach text aredescribed.

3:30PM Break

4:00PM InvitedEducation in Computational Materials Science: Perspectivefrom a National Laboratory : Andrew A. Quong 1; 1LawrenceLivermore NationalLaboratory,Chem.&Matls.Sci.,L-231,POBox808,Livermore, CA 94550USA AtLawrenceLivermore NationalLaboratory, we have been in-

volved in a number of activities that assist in the education of theMaterialsScience community. In par ticular, Iwill discuss two pro-grams that I have been involved with over the pas t two years, theLawrenceLivermore Nat ional Laboratory Computational MaterialsScience andChemistrySummer Institute for graduate students and atutorial at theMaterialsResearchSocietymeetings inComputationalMaterialsScience.Thegoal of the Institute is to provide anopportu-nity for graduate students to explore cutting-edgemethods in compu-tational materials sciences, computational chemistry, and other re-lated areas of computational science during their first few years of graduate study.Each student spendseightweeks atLLNL as theguestof anLLNL host scientistworkingon a computational project in thehostsareaof expertise.The purposeof the tutorial at theMRSwas tointroduce themany facetsof multi-length scalemodeling.Becauseof thegrowing interest in the fieldof multiple length scalemodeling, thistutorial provided the attendeeswith a balanceddescriptionof themain

facets of this field as applied inmaterials science.The tutorial con-sistedof lectures andahands-oncomputer sessionwhere the attendeeswere able to run actual applications.

4:30PM InvitedRecommended Skill Sets fo rFuture Engineers in th eAlumi-num Industry: HassoWeiland1; 1AlcoaTechnicalCenter,100Techl.Dr.,AlcoaCtr.,PA15069USA Development times for new products in the materials industryhave shortened significantly.While earlier, thedevelopmentof a newalloy took severaldecades,now two to threeyears are the standard.Toachieve such short development times, it is required to havewellintegratedmaterials simulation tools available.Such tools are to bebased on accurate understanding of the underlying processes.Thesechangingneeds in thematerials industry requires engineers and scien-tists tohave soundknowledge in severaldisciplines.This presentationattempts tooutline the skill setsnecessary for successful future candi-

dates.5:00PM PanelDiscussion

Computational Phase Transformations: Effect ofInterface on Phase TransformationSponsored by: ASM International: MaterialsScienceCriticalTechnology Sector,Electronic,Magnetic& PhotonicMaterialsDivision,StructuralMaterialsDivision,MaterialsProcessing&Manufacturing Division,ASM/MSCTS-Thermodynamics &PhaseEquilibriaCommittee,MPMD-Computational MaterialsScience&Engineering-(Jt. ASM-MSCTS), Jt. EMPMD/SMD-Chemistry &Physics of MaterialsCommittee, PhaseTransformationCommit-tee-(Jt.ASM-MSCTS) ProgramOrganizers: YunzhiWang,TheOhioStateUniversity,

Departmentof MaterialsScience andEngineering,Columbus,OH43210USA;PerryLeo,University of Minnesota,Department of AerospaceEngineering andMechanics,Minneapolis,MN 55455USA;RalphE. Napolitano, IowaStateUniversity,AmesLaboratory,Department of MaterialsScience andEngineering, Ames, IA 50011USA;VidvudsOzolins,Sandia National Laboratories,Livermore,CA94551-0969USA;WolfgangWindl,TheOhioStateUniversity,Departmentof MaterialsScience andEngineering,Columbus,OH43210USA

Tuesday PM Room: 11BMarch 4, 2003 Location: San Diego Convention Center

SessionChairs: Long-QingChen,Pennsylvania StateUniversity,Dept.of Matls.Sci.&Eng.,UniversityPark,PA 16802USA; J.E.Morral,University of Connecticut,Dept. of Metall.&Matls.Eng.,

Storrs,CT 06269-3136USA

2:00PM InvitedImpurity-InducedGrainBoundaryPhaseTransformations inMetalsand Oxides:Gerd Duscher1; 1 NorthCarolinaStateUniver-sity,Dept. of Matls.Sci.&Eng.,SolidStateDiv., 2156BurlingtonNuclearLab.,Raleigh, NC27695-7916USA It has been suspected for a long time that impurities can inducegrain boundary phase transformations. It isdifficult, however, to provethis transformation, since to do sowemust study unexpected atomicarrangements at the coreof grain boundaries.This canonly be accom-plished byusing a combinationof experimental and theoretical studiesat atomic resolution. In this study,weusedZ-contrast imaging, elec-tron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and ab initiomaterials simula-tions to study the atomic structure of grain bounda rie s. Z-contrastimaging provides us with directly interpretable images of the grain

boundary structure, andEELS characterizes the chemical compositionlocally at the core of the grain boundary.The resolution of both of these techniques is greatly enhanced with an aberration corrector,which allows subangstrom analysis.The first resultsobtainedwith anaberration-correctedSTEM are shown in this study.These experimen-tal results allowedus to produce a startingmodel for ab initio calcula-tions.We used ultrasoft pseudopotential and a planewave basi s setmethod in local density approximation.The total energies for themodelswith andwithout impurities allowedus to find the lowest en-ergy configuration.While the grain boundary structure changed dra-maticallywithCa impurities inMgO,wesawonlyaslightmodificationin sigma5Algrain boundarieswithCudoping.However, there isnograin boundary phase transition of Cu grain boundarieswith heavydopant atoms (Bi,Ag).

2:30PM InvitedBeyond theLocal-Equili

am03 tuesday

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