alvar altoo

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Alvar Aalto

1898 - 1976


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18981976

Finish Architect

Early 1920s began with Neoclassical traditionalist modernism

style Late 1920s High modernism with Gropius and Le Corbusier

Latertransformed into his own distinctive mode of counter

modernism

Symbolism and functionalism

Buildingssimple to look at, difficult to understandworld wide

respect

Buildingsinteresting compositions but lack gripping visual impact

of other modernist works

Buildingsloose informal sprawlsno sign of compelling form ofmodernist ideal, no photogenic , graphic images

Aalto created architecture that not merely quench thirst of high art

and pure structure but also in response to the more direct needs of

man as an active sensate beingfunctionalist in the real sense


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His clientssocialist oriented inhabitants of thinly populated arctic

land

Hostile environmentarctic cold, large dark winters - Aalto avoided

assertive formalism and obsession with warming comfort Aaltos ideas man made environment should provide nourishing

surroundings denied by nature

After Viipuri libraryundulating curves crop up constantly,

combining utility and strong sense of visual effects

Major workslibraries, civic centers, churches, housing

Functionalismyet non reductionist, avoided romantic excess and

neoclassical monotony

Borrowed from international styleused texture, color and structure

in new creative ways

Refined generic modern architecture that existed in most of Europe

and recreated them into a new Finnish architecture

Designresponse to site, material and form

Detailing


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Worksrepresented a unique interpretation of modernist orthodoxy

Reluctant to engage in theoretical debates, he was an architect who

didnt answer in writing but buildings

Major themes of his works are inseparable from finish culture His fathersurveyor

EducationBeaux Arts influence

WifeAino Marsiohighly practical designer - gifted draftsman

and good at interior designsome outstanding glassware designed

by her

Functionalism

Inspired by Finnish landscapes, contour plans he drew with his

father

Inspired by Bauhaus ideas - analysis of problems should replaceoutmoded style based design; architecture should be linked to

general economy and embrace machine production; and that

biological and psychological constants offer a universal basis for the

rational design of modern buildings, furniture and equipement


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Commitment to the principles of functionalist designs

Consideration of bio dynamic functions of eating, sleep, work and

play provided the basis for minimum dwelling which could be

psychologically enlarged to arrive at a universal dwelling designedafter careful research based on human similarities

International stylenot a stylistic formula but way of thinking and

working to be adapted to specific cultures and landscapes

Exterior corresponds with interiortransparent expression of inner

organization Eg: Window arrangement differs based on interior space unlike Le

Corbusiers indiscriminate ribbon windows

Functional zoning provided rationale for design but the building was

also a composition of visual and spatial sophistication

Functional designembraces subtle psychological and social

factors


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DESIGN

Father of modernism in Norway, Sweden and Denmark

Blending modern architecture with national and regional

Scandinavian tradition Worksarchitecture , furniture, glassware, textiles

Architecture without style - Buildings determined only by

the needs of people using them

Conditions of site, materials available Financial condition

Organic connection between buildings and nature including man.


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Paimio

Sanatorium
http://www.greatbuildings.com/models/Paimio_Sanatorium_mod.html


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Pamio Sanatorium, Pamio Shape of plan

Similar rooms and spaces are grouped together to form a wing

Wings linked by central partcommon functions like stairs,

elevators etc

Each wing given special position in landscape according to

demands of rooms

Plan meant to be functionally zoned and bio dynamically aligned tothe compass so that the direction of each wing was defined

according to its requirements of sunshine and view.

Collective sun terraceswhich allowed the patients to take the air in

groups of their own choice

Flat roof top terrace designed for healthier patients protected with aRCC canopy to reduce solar gains

Patients winglooked out over uninhabited forest orientedSouth,

South east to capture morning sun and reduce solar gain in the

afternoon


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Patients roomfor a horizontal human beings unlike a ordinary

room for a vertical person (ceiling painted darker)

Wash basin design, door handle design, light fixtures

Attention to detailsthe dedication to serving their needsmanifested in every detail, uplifting quality of light filled spaces

contributed to the prospects of recoverynew architecture in the

service of people


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Paimio_Sanatorium1.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Paimio_Sanatorium2.jpg


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Viipuri library


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Sitepark

Classical modernist

Public library and lecture room

2 distinct volumes

One endmain entrance in projecting vestibule Smaller projection for entrance to children's library Staircase near

main entry

Multiple levels

Offices & lecture

rooms

Library

Functions

Stairs


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Inside libraryshadow less light filtered down from a grid of conical

lens roof lights which are 1.8 m in diameter , the RCC beams span

17.6 and the depth of the roof structure ensures that no direct sun is

allowed to disturb the readers concentration Walls have no windows

Lecture theater lit by continuous full height glazing overlooking park

Undulating timber ceiling designed to overcome acoustical problems

caused by beams

Problem with length of roomfurthest audience far away

Roof Details


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Finnish Pavilion, New York


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World fair New York1939

1937competition project

520 4 levels 3 floors had photographs of country, people, work,

Ground floorexhibition of products

Wood and steel

Roof ventilation

Shell of pavilionfinish vernacular buildings

Undulating wall suspended diagonally across length

of wall


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Aalto_Teewagen.jpg


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Aalto Stud io Munkk in iem i, Helsin ki , Finland


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http://www.greatbuildings.com/models/Aalto_Studio_mod.html


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Aalto Summer House


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Academ ic Boo kshop

Helsink i, Finland


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Academic Bookshop - Helsinki, Finland

architect - Alvar Aalto

dates - 1962 to 1969style - Modern

notes - subtle facade modulation, sculptural roof lights.

"Externally the building is a relatively straightforward copper-clad

curtain wall. The brighter character of the Pohjois-Esplanadi is

recognised by lining the window frames with strips of white marble.

The two entrances off either street converge under an array of light

fittings, from which leads the three-storey space of the bookshop

tucked in behind other buildings. Three crystalline rooflights bring light

into this volume, and indeed appear to have embedded themselves in

the roof. The vertically striped balustrades of white marble seem to

attenuate the height of the space and dominate the colourful display of

books."

alvar altoo

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