alu hybrid
TRANSCRIPT
exhibit an inelastic behavior under tension
elastic modulus of all GLARE laminates are lower than the monolithic aluminum alloy
exhibit strongly directional properties the tensile strength of unidirectional
GLARE laminates is substantially stronger than aluminum alloys in the longitudinal direction
compressive yield strength of the GLARE laminates is lower than the tensile yield strength
compressive yield strength along fiber direction is higher than that of the aluminum alloy
The shear properties of GLARE laminates are not well documented in the literature.
Both the shear modulus and shear yield strength of various GLARE laminates are only about 50% of that of the monolithic 2024-T3 aluminum alloy
characterizing the bearing strength of the glare laminate is more complicated than in conventional aluminum alloys.
the bolt-type bearing with lateral restraint is superior to the pin-type bearing without lateral restraint. The relatively low bearing strength of GLARE in the pin-type bearing is attributed to delamination buckling
the bearing behavior of GLARE laminates is more complex and inferior- due to ineffectiveness of fibers in the bearing
the bearing strength of GLARE laminates depends on some relevant parameters
the superior fracture behavior of GLARE as compared to the 2024-T3 aluminum alloy
the use of high-failure stress and high-failure strain glass fibers can effectively prevent fiber failure from occurring before the aluminum fails.
So,the fracture toughness value for GLARE is significantly higher
fiber metal laminates with fatigue cracks have higher fracture toughness than laminates with a saw cut due to the unbroken fibers in the wake of the crack and the delamination zone around the crack, which effectively enlarge the strain length of the fibers
GLARE is highly notch sensitive in comparison with its monolithic aluminum alloy
However, the advantage of high ultimate strength and high strain-to-fracture of glass fibers makes GLARE laminates superior to other fiber metal laminates such as ARALL in notch strength
The factors that can affect the notched residual strength of GLARE laminates include the volume fraction and properties of the constituents, the fiber direction, and the nature of the flaw present.
Under realistic loading conditions, GLARE laminates exhibit crack-growth rates 10 to 100 times slower than their monolithic aluminum constituents
GLARE excels in all types of fatigue-critical aircraft loading situations
fiber-adhesive layer in GLARE laminates is susceptible to moisture absorption controlled by temperature and humidity, though moisture absorption is very limited due to the protective aluminum layers
Moisture in the glass fiber-adhesive layers of GLARE increases the ease of delamination between the prepreg and metal layers
The GLARE laminate exhibits excellent corrosion resistance since all aluminum sheets used are anodized and coated with a corrosion-inhibiting primer prior to the bonding process
• high strength and stiffness to weight ratio• excellent fatigue properties • Light Weight• Corrosion Resistance• excellent heat and electricity conductor • a good reflector of visible light • ductile and has a low melting point and
density. • Impermeable and Odourless• Recyclability
• Creep tendency• Low peel strength• Time, temperature and media dependent• low fracture toughness and moisture
absorption.
Material Example Advantages Disadvantages
Aluminium Hybrids
-GLARE
-Al+Steel
-Al+ Ceramic
-Higher strength -reduced weight-higher resistance to fire-crack in the Al due to fatigue are prevented
-low elastic modulus-mderate fatique strength
Composite -Fiber Reinforced Polymer
-Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic
-Glass Reinforced Plastic
-High perfomance-lighter-high strength to weight ratio
-sensitive in temperature change-soft material and wears easily-high -manufacturing cost
Metal Alloys Aluminium alloyZinc alloyCopper alloy
-high strength to weight ratio-excellent heat and electricity conductor-low density
-succeptibility to corrosion.
The Hybrid Aircraft Corporation has trademarked the SkyCat and SkyFreighter (cargo variant) and is involved in design and development efforts.
The Aeroscraft, a design proposed by Worldwide Aeros Corp is also a hybrid airship that uses a lifting body shape, vectored thrust, as well as buoyancy control. Aeros was a beneficiary of the WALRUS program.
World SkyCat Ltd, in Britain, is also pursuing a design in the heritage of the SkyKitten.
The Millennium Airship Corporation has Patented their ITAMMS thrust management system and are currently developing a heavy hybrid lift system.
heated up to the curing temperature and subsequently cooled down to operating- or room temperature.
This residual stress system is unfavourable for fatigue
The most common way to stretch the laminate is by clamping both ends and applying a load to the panel until it plastically deforms.
The technique consists of rolling the as-cured laminate through a mill with a slit width smaller than the laminate thickness
The applications for aluminium composite are wide and varied. A versatile lightweight and durable material aluminium composite performs well for internal and external applications.
Much lighter than other metal and plastic sheet aluminium composite allows the creation of lightweight yet strong structures.
This material is easy to handle machinable.
Flat panels Sign trays Individual lettering Individual logos Column cladding
Consists of non-aluminium core bonded between two aluminium sheets.
Very rigid and strong Commonly used as cladding.
Compose of Aluminium 7675-T6 and Aramid/BSL-312-UL.
Increased fatigue and corrosion resistance
Developed for the lower wing skin panels.(Fokker 27)
Cargo door( Boeing C-17 )
ARALL
ARALL
Composed of several thin layer of aluminium interpersed with layers of glass-fiber bonded with epoxy.
Better damage tolerance(fatigue,impact)
Better corrosion resistance. lower specific weight.
ALUMINIUM HBRIDS(GLARE)
THE END GROUP MEMBERS: AMIR RASYDAN BIN MAT SYAFIQ SYAHMI BIN SAZALI SAZRIL SYAMIR BIN SURIMAN ARRIF HAMZAH BIN MUHAMAD