Fleet Experiences & Barriers

ETHANOL

Jerry Medinger American Lung Association in Wisconsin ALTERNATIVE FUELS WORKSHOP August 19, 2014

Aromatics in Gasoline

• Small nano-sized particles emitted from gas tailpipes are a predominant source of most dangerous toxic carcinogens responsible for premature deaths

• The ultra fine particles lodge in the lungs and from there enter the blood stream

My Choices Are Limited

• Initial Capital Expenditure

• Length / Type of Use

• Area of Use

• Priorities

– Environment

– Energy Security

– Local economic impact

Where to Start?

Alternative Fuel Vehicle Comparison

Inputs Results

The American Lung Association in Wisconsin

Our “Fleet”

E85 Ethanol

• 85% denatured ethanol blended with 15% gasoline

• Domestically produced

• Renewable resource made from WI grown corn

• Cleaner burning than gasoline

• Replaces gasoline from imported oil

• Reduces harmful tailpipe emissions of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen, and other ozone-forming pollutants.

Flex Fuel Vehicles (FFVs)

• Have the same power, acceleration, payload, and cruise speed

• Over 8 million FFVs on the road today

• From sedans, pick-up trucks, minivans, luxury

• Priced the same as gasoline-only vehicles

• Free to choose between a mixture of gasoline and ethanol from 0-85%

Current Availability

• 157,393 retail locations in the U.S. that sell fuel to the public.

• 2,324 ethanol stations in the United States

• >2,000 gas stations in Wisconsin

• 135 E85 stations in Wisconsin

WHY AREN’T THERE MORE?

• Source: National Petroleum News Survey

• “The fuel of the future is going to come from fruit like that sumac out by the road, or from apples, weeds, sawdust – almost anything. There is fuel in every bit of vegetable matter that can be fermented.” – Henry Ford, 1925

Federal Regulations – Tier 3

New Vehicle Emission Standards

Reducing Sulfur in Gasoline

Ethanol A Solution to Meet Both Tier 3 and Café Standards

• Cummins has been testing an engine (250 HP, 2.8 L) for over 6 months that uses E85

• The engine is much like a diesel with high compression, advanced ignition and gets the mileage of a diesel.

Cummins: E85-fueled engine cuts medium-duty CO2 emissions by 50% to 80%

30% ethanol with direct injection, higher compression, higher octane and turbo charged can meet both EPA Tier 3 and Café Standards

Ethanol A Solution to Meet Both Tier 3 and Café Standards

“Downsizing in combination with boosting and

direct injection of a spark ignition engine has further

benefits, too, especially when alternative fuel and,

particularly, ethanol, is factored into the equation” Ricardo Engineering – Quarterly Review Q1 2009

Engine/Vehicle Choices

According to Ford Motor Company, the Model T had fuel economy on the order of 13–21 mpg.

The engine was capable of running on gasoline, kerosene, or ethanol.

Fuel Choices

"There's no reason for us to have polluted air," she said. "There are many other ways in which we can do the things we need to do as a society that don't pollute the air.“ Rebecca Cheatham

Luna Willhelm,5, has asthma. Her parents believe it was caused by poor air quality in the environment

Photo courtesy: Rebecca Cheatham

Jerry Medinger American Lung Association in Wisconsin