alternative fuel cars
DESCRIPTION
Alternative fuel cars. I . Cars powered with petroleum. I. 1 Petrol and diesel cars I. 2 LPG and GNV cars II. Alternatives II. 1 Biofuels II. 2 Electric cars II. 3 Hybrid cars and regenerative breaking II. 4 Hydrogen and fuel cell cars II .5 Other projects. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Alternative fuel cars
I. Cars powered with petroleumI.1 Petrol and diesel cars
I.2 LPG and GNV cars
II. Alternatives
II.1 Biofuels
II.2 Electric cars
II.3 Hybrid cars and regenerative breaking
II.4 Hydrogen and fuel cell cars
II.5 Other projects
1. Gasoline and diesel cars
Petrol (gasoline)
• lower purchase price
• larger model choice
• cheaper maintenance
• higher fuel price
• products more CO2
• shorter life of engine
• very flammable -> danger
Diesel
• lower price when fill up
• motors more reliable,
consumption 15% lower
• 20% less CO2 released
• purchase cost (+10%)
• more NOx discharged
2. LPG and CNG cars
LPG (Liquified petroleum gas)• less polluting
• cheaper
• extracted from oil
CNG (Compressed Natural Gas)• environmentally friendly• large reserves
And tommorow?Future oil production
Alternatives
1. Biofuels
• Biogas (anaerobic fermentation)
• Bioethanol (ethanol fermentation)
• Straight (or waste) vegetable oils
• Biodiesel (Transesterification: alcohol + ester → different alcohol + different ester )
- Less emission of sulfur and CO2- Can be use as a pure fuel- No taxe- Risk of irresponsible farming methods- Biodiesel production is more expensive than petrodiesel
one
2. Electric cars
Battery electric vehicle• Lead-acid battery• Nickel-cadmium battery• Lithium ion battery
• zero-emissions vehicle• range• cost• electricity production
3. The gasoline-electric hybrid car
gasoline-powered car:
fuel tank---> engine ---> transmission ---> wheels
electric car and acceleration of a hybrid car:
set of batteries ---> electric motor ---> transmission ---> wheels
Cruising
Passing
Regenerative braking
The electric motor acts as a generator and charges the battery set
Advantages
• increase the mileage• less emission and petroleum consumption than a gasoline-powered car• overcome the shortcoming of an electric car• drive as well as a usual car
Examples
Toyota Prius
Hydrogen & fuel cell
Advantages
• high efficiency• emission-free• no moving parts, do not involve combustion
-> reliable
Disadvantages
• cost• manufacture, vehicule integration• hydrogen production
5. Other projects...
Compressed-air cars
Solar cars
ConclusionA faire !!!
A lot of alternatives exist…they all have advantages, disadvantages and specific needs… so there is still work (chemin a faire) to do with the conception but a………..