alternative energy sources
DESCRIPTION
Alternative Energy Sources. Alternative Energy Sources. Solar Wind Hydropower Tidal Power Biomass Geothermal. Solar Power. Active. Passive. Types of Solar Power. Active Solar Power. Energy from sun is stored in a “thermal mass” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Alternative Energy Sources
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Alternative Energy Sources
SolarWindHydropowerTidal PowerBiomassGeothermal
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Solar Power
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Types of Solar Power
ActivePassive
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Active Solar Power
Energy from sun is stored in a “thermal mass”
When needed, heat from thermal mass is then pumped throughout structure
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Active Solar Power
This also refers to electrical generation using solar power
Two ways to do this are photovoltaic cells and huge commercial electric facilities
This shows the diagram for the house seen in the previous slide. The PV panels are on the roof
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Large-scale Solar Electric Site
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Large-scale Solar Electric Site
These facilities use solar power to heat water to form steam. The steam goes to generate electricity just as in fossil fuel or nuclear electric plants.
No release of air pollutantsNo electricity generated at nightThey do work on cloudy days, though.
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Passive Solar Power
Works on the principle that hot air rises and cool air sinks (convection)
Solar heats air and it moves through convection through the structure or to thermal mass
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Passive Solar Power
Mass wall or “Trombe Wall
Using back wall as “mass”
To rest of house
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Solar Power
Benefits– Abundant– No greenhouse
gases, few other pollutants
– Simple, minimal repair needed
– Cheap over the long term
Detriments– Retrofitting needed if structure is not already designed as
passive solar– Has limitations, night, some locations better such as south
rather than north facing slopes– Initial capital outlay can be high
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All areas have viable amounts of solar energy
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Some solar power history
Solar power furnace was used by Lavoisier to discover elements, particularly nitrogen
Solar power water distillation used by French Foreign Legion and still used today!
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Wind Power
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Wind power
Can be used for mechanical tasks, e.g. pumping water
Can be used for generation of electricity for direct use or storage in batteries
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Mechanical Power Windmills
High torque, low-speed to pump water, grind grain, saw wood
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Electrical Power Windmills
High speed, low torque machines
Will turn themselves off if wind speed exceeds their limits
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Effects of windpower
No greenhouse gases
Few other pollutants
CheapAbundantSimple
Some noise pollution
Metal blades interfere with TV & radio reception
Aesthetic pollutionNo evidence for
bird death, but can kill bats
Positive Negative
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Where is wind power available?
Wind power not highly suited to these areas
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Hydropower
Electric Mechanical
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How hydropower works
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Negative effects of Hydropower
Flooding the land Displacement of local inhabitants Local climatic changes Tectonic activities (Earthquakes) Loss of species (aquatic & terrestrial)Loss of normal nutrient flow down riverChanges temperature of water, too
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Positive Effects of Hydropower
Can generate electricityCan do mechanical work, e.g. grind grainNo greenhouse gasesInitial construction provides jobs
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Tidal Power
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Tidal Power
Essentially entails placing a dam across an ocean inlet and harnessing the energy as water moves in and out with the tides
Positive & negative effects are same as hydropower
Tidal dam
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Biomass Energy
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Biomass Pros & Cons
Burning biomass gets rid of solid wasteCreates energyCreates new markets for crops
Burning biomass releases CO2 and other gases associated with combustion
Creates solid waste from ashMay cause more grasslands to be planted
to corn
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Ethanol production: not environmentally benign
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Geothermal Energy
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Where is Geothermal in the U.S.?
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Primarily in western U.S.
Pros – Can be used for electricity generation, space heating, cooking & low temperature industrial
Pros – Inexpensive after initial outlayPros – No greenhouse gas emissionCons – same problems as we see with oil
drillingCons – Localized distribution
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How does it work?
Drill to deep, hot rock– Either wet system where heated water
belowground is used– Dry system sends aboveground water
belowground to get heatedResulting steam can be used for a number
of purposes
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An energy mix
Using more than one form of energy to meet needs is an important way to ensure long-term energy needs will be met
Just as in ecosystem ecology, we find that Diversity = Stability
Depending on only one form of energy leaves nation vulnerable to all sorts of problems