alternative dispute resolution
DESCRIPTION
Produced by Dr Jepson and Mrs Lindley. Ensure all mobiles are switched off Feel free to ask questions – just raise your hand first Have your précis notes (Ch.10 of The ELS ) to hand so they can be checked Updated May 2013. Alternative Dispute Resolution. Alternatives to the Courts. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Alternative Alternative Dispute Dispute
ResolutionResolution•Ensure all mobiles are switched off
•Feel free to ask questions – just raise your hand first•Have your précis notes
(Ch.10 of The ELS) to hand so they can be checked
Updated May 2013
Produced by Dr Jepson and Mrs Lindley
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Alternatives to the CourtsAlternatives to the CourtsWhy do we need alternative ways of
resolving disputes?
Draw a table showing the strengths and weaknesses of the
civil court process.
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Encouraging ADR…Encouraging ADR…
• Woolf report recommended more use of ADR.
• Judges now have a duty to encourage ADR.
• 1999 Civil Procedure Rules allow judges to “stay” court proceedings so ADR can be tried first.
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ADR MethodsADR Methods
• Negotiation• Mediation• Conciliation• Arbitration
• Also, some consider domestic tribunals to be a form of ADR.
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NegotiationNegotiation• Dispute resolution at its simplest
• Generally quicker and cheaper than other methods.
• How may the doctrine of Judicial Precedent help parties reach a settlement?
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MediationMediation• Neutral mediator helps parties reach
a compromise solution.
• Aim is to encourage the parties to find common ground.
• Mediator does not suggest solutions.
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Mediation Questions…Mediation Questions…
1. Give examples of the types of cases where mediation is often used.
2. What is a “formalised settlement conference”?
3. What is the typical cost of a mediator? How does this compare to the cost of going to court?
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ConciliationConciliation• Neutral third party plays an active
role in suggesting a solution.
• Process is now generally regarded as another form of mediation.
• Often used in unfair dismissal cases.
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ArbitrationArbitration• Both sides agree to let a third party
decide a solution.
• Arbitrator may be a lawyer or, alternatively, an expert in the field of the dispute.
• Either way, the decision is legally binding.
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Arbitration Act 1996Arbitration Act 1996
• Private arbitration is now governed by the Arbitration Act 1996.
• Write out s.1 Arbitration Act 1996 in your own words.
• What does it say?
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Scott v AveryScott v Avery Clause Clause• Included in many commercial
contracts (see example on p.126).
• Court will refuse to deal with the dispute.
• Why do you think many companies include these clauses in their contracts?
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Pros and Cons…Pros and Cons…
In pairs, produce a list showing the advantages and disadvantages of
the different methods of ADR.
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ADR in PracticeADR in Practice
• It is important to be able to give examples of when / where / how ADR is used in practice.
• Produce a chart with column 1 listing the different types of ADR and column 2 giving examples of when they are used in practice.
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Tribunals …Tribunals …
2 kinds – Domestic tribunals Administrative tribunals
• Domestic tribunals may be considered a form of ADR; administrative tribunals are slightly different.
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Domestic Tribunals …Domestic Tribunals …
• “In-house” tribunals set up by private bodies, usually for their own internal disciplinary control.
• Examples: Law Society, General Medical Council, FA
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Administrative TribunalsAdministrative Tribunals• Operate alongside the court system.• Created to give people a method of
enforcing their entitlement to certain social rights, e.g. employment rights.
• Must be used instead of court proceedings.
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Administrative TribunalsAdministrative Tribunals• Legally qualified chairperson, with
two lay members who have specialist knowledge of topic.
• Use of lawyers is allowed but generally no legal funding is available.
• Deal with over a million cases each year.
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OmbudsmenOmbudsmen
• Individuals appointed by the Government to deal with disputes outstanding in certain areas.
• Examples: Prison Ombudsman, Legal Services Ombudsman.
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OmbudsmenOmbudsmen• Role is to investigate the way in
which a complaint was originally dealt with.
• Referrals may only be made through an MP, local councillor or MEP.
• Have little real power but reports are taken very seriously.
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Exam Question…Exam Question…• Plan, then write, answers to the
exam questions on page 131 of ‘The ELS’.
• Also, plan the below question:‘Discuss the argument that using
alternative methods of dispute resolution is better than using the
courts.’ (OCR, 2003)