alternative concrete masonry unit · 2018. 5. 10. · [15] astm c496 / c496m-17, standard test...
TRANSCRIPT
Alternative
Concrete
Masonry UnitTeo AlbersSam Carnes
Figure 1: Faswall Green Building System [1]
1.1 Research Goals
Objective
● Develop an insulated, dry-stacked modular block made
from local materials (e.g. small diameter timber,
cinders).
Criteria
● Insulation value of R-10 while meeting the minimum
strength of 1900 psi based upon ASTM C90 [3].
Additionally the block will need to meet all modern
design demands of building construction.Figure 2: Fly Ash Bricks [2]
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1.2 Background Research
Current Alternatives
● Insulated modular blocks made with wood fiber aggregate are
limited.
● Not structural and simply act as formwork intended to support the
hydraulic pressure of grout.
● High costs due to unavailability of necessary materials.
Figure 3: Dry Stacked Interlocking System [4]
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1.3 Stakeholders
● Client: Dr. Robin Tuchscherer
● Local logging companies
● Local Brick Manufacturers
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Figure 4: Logging Operation [4]
Figure 5: Block Lite Manufacturing [6]
2.1 Material Study
2.1.1 Establish Baseline
Baseline
● Collect existing concrete mixes in order to create a baseline for
further design mixes that will optimize wood fiber aggregate.
Materials
● Quikrete, Rapid Set, and Sika concrete mixes will be obtained to set
the baseline.
Analysis
● A compressive strength test will be conducted on the known
concrete mixes following the procedure outlined in ASTM C140. Carnes
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Figure 6: Quikrete [8]
2.1.2 Small Diameter Timber Analysis
Method
● Meeting with a timber scientist to determine the process
that the small diameter timber must undergo prior to be
being used in a concrete mix.
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2.1 Material Study
Figure 7: Small Diameter Timber [8]
2.2 Prototyping
2.2.1 Material Collection
Collection
● Ribelin Logging Company located in Flagstaff, Arizona.
● Cinders will be collected on site at Cinder Hills OHV area
located in the Coconino National Forest 13 miles northeast
of downtown Flagstaff [8].
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Figure 8: Collection Site [8]
2.2.2 Design
Production
● A total of 48 prototypes will be constructed out of
three different mix ratios.
Dimensions
● Prototypes will be right circular cylinders measuring 8”
in height and 4” in diameter [9].
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2.2 Prototyping
Figure 9: Square Rectangular Concrete Mold [10]
2.3 Product Testing
2.3.1 Embodied Energy Study
● An embodied energy study will be completed in order to
define the insulative properties of the prototypes.
● The team will meet with Alan Francis a professor at
NAU to discuss the appropriate insulative test required.
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Figure 10: Embodied Energy [11]
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2.3 Product Testing
2.3.2 Compressive Strength (ASTM C39)
Definition
● Determines the compressive strength of cylindrical concrete
specimens.
Method
● The test method consists of applying a compressive axial load
to molded cylinders until failure occurs [12].
Analysis
● Compressive strength is then calculated by dividing the
maximum load by the cross sectional area of the prototype.
Figure 11: Compressive Strength Test [13]
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2.3 Product Testing
2.3.3 Tensile Strength (ASTM C496)
Definition
● Determines the splitting tensile strength of cylindrical
concrete specimens.
Method
● Apply a diametral compressive force along the length of a
cylindrical concrete specimen until failure occurs [15].
Analysis
● Maximum load sustained by the specimen is divided by
appropriate geometrical factors to obtain the splitting tensile
strength [15].
Figure 12: Tensile Strength Test [14]
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2.3.4 Freeze Thaw (ASTM 666)
Definition
● Determines the resistance of concrete specimens to rapidly
repeated cycles of freezing and thawing.
Method
● The cylinders will be subjected to 5-8 freeze thaw cycles per day
with a total of 300 cycles at the conclusion of the freeze-thaw
test [16].
2.3 Product Testing
Figure 13: Tensile Strength Test [17]
2.4 Feasibility Study
2.4.1 Block Lite Tour
● Touring a local brick manufacture to further
understand the processes that go into mass
producing modular blocks.
2.4.2 Current Production Methods
● Examine current modular block production that is
using wood fiber as an aggregate.
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Figure 14: Block Lite [6]
Figure 15: Nitterhouse Masonry [18]
3.1 Research Schedule
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Table 1: Project Tasks Table 2: Gantt Chart
3.2 Staffing
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Table 3: Project Staffing
4.0 Cost of Engineering Services
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Table 4: Cost of Engineering Services
5.0 Project Limitations
5.1 Challenges
○ Brick manufactures do not typically post their mix ratios for the general public.
○ At most they will share their water cement ratio , but other than that obtaining information will
need to be obtained via guided tour.
○ Limited data on eco dry stacked modular bricks of having sufficient structural properties as well as
having a correct R-value of 10
5.2 Exclusions
○ Refrain from doing an environmental assessment of the proposed design mix.
○ Refrain from doing any research in regards to available materials in any other location other than
Flagstaff.
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[1] Faswall Green Building System, http://faswall.com/faswall-green-building-system/. [Accessed: 29-Nov-2017]
[2] Center of Innovative Building Material, http://www.flyashbricks.net.in/clc-blocks.htm. [Accessed: 28-Nov-2017]
[3] Concrete Building Systems, http://www.concretecottage.com/concrete-building-systems.htm. [Accessed: 28-Nov-2017]
[4] Dry Stacked Interlocking Masonry System, http://www.happho.com/dry-stacked-interlocking-masonry-system/. [Accessed: 27-Nov-2017]
[5] Chipperpedia, http://www.petersoncorp.com/wp-content/uploads/Peterson4800F-Chipper-Clean-Chips.jpg. [Accessed: 27-Nov-2017]
[6] Block Lite, https://www.block-lite.com/. [Accessed: 28-Nov-2017]
[7] Civil and Environmental Engineering, https://nau.edu/cefns/engineering/civil-environmental/faculty .[Accessed: 27-Nov-2017]
[8] Cinder Hills Off Highway Vehicle Area, https://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/coconino/recarea/?recid=70996. [Accessed: 27-Nov-2017]
[9] ASTM C470 / C470M-15, Standard Specification for Molds for Forming Concrete Test Cylinders Vertically, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015, www.astm.org
[10] Concrete Tests, http://stickstoneswater.blogspot.com/2011/11/tests-on-concrete-compressive-strength.html [Accessed: 27-Nov-2017]
[11] Embodied Energy, http://www.yourhome.gov.au/materials/embodied-energy [Accessed: 26-Nov-2017]
[12] ASTM C39 / C39M-17b, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017, www.astm.org
[13] Compressive Strength Test of Concrete, http://civilblog.org/2013/05/10/compressive-strength-test-of-concrete-is516-1959/. [Accessed: 28-Nov-2017
[14] Splitting Tensile Strength Test on Concrete Cylinder, https://theconstructor.org/concrete/splitting-tensile-strength-test-on-concrete-cylenders/2116/ [Accessed: 27-Nov-2017]
[15] ASTM C496 / C496M-17, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017, www.astm.org17
References
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References
[16] ASTM C666 / C666M-15, Standard Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015, www.astm.org
[17] Protecting Concrete from Freeze/Thaw Damage, http://www.chemmasters.net/newsletters/2013-11/
[18] Recycled Block (CMU), https://www.nitterhousemasonry.com/products/recycled-cmu-split-face-finish/