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8/11/2019 AlternatAntriebe En

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Alternatives to carry you away.

Innovative bus drive systems

for a clean environment.


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Buses for all.Solutions for today and tomorrow.

As a transpo rt system th e bus has a lot of poi nts in

its favour. It is flexible and reliable, safe and comfor-table, clean and quiet. And in terms of environmental

compatibility the bus is a true pioneer. With MANs

modern common-rail diesel engines with

MANPUREDIESEL technology, for example, which

achieve a further major cut in pollutant emissions

even down to compliance with the EEV standard.

But nothing is so good that it cant be improved,

and so the MAN Nut zfahrzeuge Group, the bus

specialist in the MAN Group, is rising to the chal-

lenge and developing bus applications for drive

concepts to take us into the future. After all, some of

the biggest problems to be tackled are relieving our

environment of harmful substances, reducing con-

sumption of fossil fuel reserves and thus ensuring

mobility in the lon g term.

With diesel-electric hybrid drive or natural-gas engi-

nes, hydrogen -fired internal-combustion engines or as a long-term goal the emission-free fuel cell:

MAN Bus and NEOPLAN Bus, the two world-renow-

ned brands under the umbrella of the MAN Group,

have been working with success for over half a

century in the field of the so-called alternative drive

systems. Some of these h ave already become

reality. We have developed promising approaches

through to series production and will continue to use

our expertise to pave the way for a successful future

for the bus. Buses, after all, mean mobility for us all.

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Euro 0 Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 5

1990 1992 1995 2000 since 2006 2009

14,4

0,7 0,4

9,0

0,15

7,0

0,1

5,0

0,02

3,5

0,02

2,0

NOxin g/kWh

PM in g/kWh

100 % -

-

80 % -

-

60 % -

-

40 % -

-

20 % -

-

0 % -

5 10 40 50 100 300

25 % load

50 % load

75 % load

Particulate diameter in nm

Separation

efficiency

The diesel engine an evergreen.

All clea r for Euro 5 and EEV.

The outstanding virtues of the diesel engine are its

undemanding nature, its reliability and its long life.

MANs modern generation of D20 and D26 CommonRail engines also comes with further improvements in

running comfort and dynamics. Two-stage exhaust-gas

turbocharging and intercooling with i ntermediate

cooling and the latest common-rail engineering put it at

the peak of development. If the drastic reduction in

oxides of nitrogen and particulates demanded by Euro

5 is to be achieved, innovative technical solutions are

required solutions that MAN of fers. With the combina-

tion of common-rail diesel engine, exhaust-gas recircu-

lation (EGR) and the MAN PM-KATspecial ly develo-

ped by MAN, Euro 5 is safely achieved.

Buses equipped with an electronically controlled

CRTecparticulate filter already meet the voluntary EEV

standard (Enhanced Environmentally friendly Vehicle)today. Thanks to MANPUREDIESELthese vehicles

manage without any additives, while electronic moni to-

ring of the filter eliminates problems for the operator.

Be better than Euro 5 with MAN and NEOPLAN even

today no problem at all, thanks to MANPUREDIESEL.

PM-KAT: particulates separated out as gas flows through

Over 100 years old and still going strong. The diesel

engine is still the star among the various drive

systems available, above all for coaches and trucks,

where full MAN power is needed. At up to 45 % itachieves the highest efficiency of any internal-

combustion engine. And it has enough development

potential to meet future environmental requirements

such as Euro 4, Euro 5 and even Euro 6. Since the

days of Rudolf Diesel, who developed his invention

right through to series-production at MAN between

1893 and 1897, MANs engineers have been makingvaluable inputs and thus ensuring the progress of

this engine.

R ed uc ti on i n l im it s f ro m E ur o 0 t o E ur o 5 S ep ar at io n e ff ic ie nc y a nd p ar ti cl e s iz e w it h P M- KAT

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Alter native fue ls for the futu re

As a real alternati ve to the highly eff icient dies el

engine is not yet in sight in the coach and long-haul

transport sector, alternative fuels will be playing an

ever more important role in the next few years. Alter-

natives available today include Biodiesel and ethanol,which belong to the first generation of such fuels and

can already be used in some applications. MAN is

also involved in development of second-generation

fuels. GTL fuel (Gas to Liquid) and, later on, BTL

(Biomass to Liquid) have outstanding emission and

CO2 levels and can be used without any problem in

modern diesel engines.

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Efficiency optimised hybrid engine

diesel engine

generatorelektric

traction motor

ultracap

storage modul

Two in one hybrid drive for lower consumption.

Drive and save with brake energ y.

Hybrid concepts are now very much in demand.New technical concepts are being developed with

high priority to reduce CO2emissions and get the

fine dust problem under control. MAN and

NEOPLAN have been developing hybrid dri ve

systems since the 1970s, and many different

approaches yielded valuable information. The latest

development from MAN, a Lions City low-floor bus

with serial hybrid drive, points the way to a clean

future.

Up to 25 % less fuel.

Urban stop-and-go traffic consumes a lot of

energy and is a problem that has occupied engi-

neers for a long time now. Braking is regarded

as a waste of energy; the large amount of energyof an accelerated 18 tonne bus is converted during

deceleration above all into heat, which is dissipated

largely into the air. The solution i s and was hybrid

drive. City buses above all provide the ideal condi-

tions for using brake energy. Around town the

diesel engine idle s for up to 40 % of the time; here

a start/stop system saves valuable fuel. But only

the full package of all measures will yield the

expected saving. On the basis of many thousands

of kilometres covered in tests MAN expects that

up to 25 % of fuel can be saved. MAN has exten-

sive experience in regular services at the VAG trans-

port authority in Nuremberg.

Diesel engine with optimum efficiency.

In the new MAN Lions City Hybri d attention isfocused on further optimisation of fuel consumption

without losing any of the good driving performance.

Like its predecess or, the bus is driven by a series

common-rail diesel engine - naturally meeting the EEV

standard with MANPUREDIESEL technology and

a high-performance generator which supplies the

energy for the two electric traction motors linked

together by a summation gearbox. The electric

motors are also linked to the electric s torage system

on the roof. A largely series-built product, the low-

floor bus has twelve ultracap modules (ultracapaci-

tors) under the cover on the roof; these store the

brake energy. All this energy is enough to accele-

rate the heavy vehicle purely electrically and and

thus without emissions as it leaves the bus-stop.If the driver then needs more power, the six-cylinder

diesel unit comes into play as well. Operators will

like the large series-standard interi or - the hybrid

technology is packed in a space-saving engine

tower. Hybrid technology will be reality on ou r

streets in only a few years time.

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Electric air conditioner

Potentialsaving(%)

Inner city Edge of city

Potential for saving on urban routes

The fue l savin gs that ca n be achie ved with t his

hybrid drive system depend on the vehicles

deployment profile. The greatest savings are

achieved in city centres. If the deployment

profile becomes more like that at the edge of

the city, the saving drops because of the s maller

share of stop-and-go operation.

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2

3

4

5

Power electronics

Ultracap storage system

12 modules with 24 cells each

Max. charging/discharging

power 200 kW

Voltage range 400630 V

Energy content approx. 0.4 kWh

equivalent to consumption of

one 100 watt bulb in 4 hours)

Generator, 150 kW

Electric propulsion system

2 x 75 kW with summation

gear box

3

2

4 5

1

6-cylinder diesel engine

191 kW (240 hp), Enhanced

Environmentally friendly

Vehicle te chnolog y (exhaus t-gas

emissions already below

the Euro 5 limits)

How hybrid drive works

Recuperation of brake energy

The brake energy generate d during braking is

temporarily stored and can be used again, e.g.

for moving off.

Moving off by electric power

The energy saved is used for moving off

electrically, i.e. without emissions.

Automatic start-stop system

The diesel engine is automatical ly switched off

(e.g. at traffic lights). If required it is automatically

started again.

Phlegmatisation of the diesel engine

Dynamic peak power requirements can be covered

by the electric energy storage unit, which in

turn permits slower adjustment of the power provision

by the diesel engine. This reduces both

fuel consumption and emissions.

Use of smaller diesel engines

As the energy storage unit provides additio nal

power, smaller engines can be used than in

conventional drive systems.

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Gas engines to speed up progress.

Even the brilliant Rudolf Diesel gave some thought

to alternatives to diesel fuel in his patent of 1912.

Nowadays one of the few alternative fuels that has

established itself is natural gas. With it excellentresults in terms of engine emissions can be

achieved, even without a particulate filter. The

increasing number of natural-gas filling st ations

proves how attractive this fuel is. The only

problems involved are the higher vehicle price andthe development of a nationwide supply network.

Cleaner than Euro 5.

Even today the natural-gas (CNG, Compressed

Natural Gas) engines developed by MAN have emis-

sions that fall below th e limits of the Euro 5 standard

and the even stricter EEV (Enhanced Environmentally

Friendly Vehicle) standard. These are six-cylinder

horizontal in-line engines which are available with

3-way catalytic converter (lambda = 1) or as super-charged and intercooled lean-mix engines (lambda

= 1.7). They generate power outputs of 180 to 228

kW and are thus on a par with diesel units. The soft

combustion makes these spark-ignition MAN gas

engines extremely quiet too.

Gas opens up new avenues for the market leader.

In view of rising oil prices natural-gas remains a

low-cost and clean alternative for use in public

transport buses. At present more than 50,000

natural-gas vehicles are in operation in Germany

alone, and the figure is expected to ris e to 500,000

units by 2012. MAN alone has supplied some 4,000

natural-gas engines to many countries, 2,500 of

these in complete buses and chassis.

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Alternatives to carry you away.Innovative bus drive systems for a clean environment.

D 112.473/E bv 09082 Printed in Germany

Text and illustration s not binding.

Subject to changes in the course of technical progress.

MAN Nutzfahrzeuge Gruppe

Postfach 50 06 20

D-80976 Mnchen

www.man-mn.com

A member of the MA N Group

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