altered states of consciousness
TRANSCRIPT
Altered States of Altered States of ConsciousnessConsciousness
Sleep and DreamsSleep and Dreams
ObjectivesObjectives
1.1. Describe the theories associated with why Describe the theories associated with why we sleepwe sleep
2.2. List and describe sleep disordersList and describe sleep disorders
3.3. Describe and explain the characteristics of Describe and explain the characteristics of the different sleep cycles the different sleep cycles
Theories Theories
RestorativeRestorative– Allows a person to “charge their batteries”Allows a person to “charge their batteries”– Brain recovers from exhaustion and stressBrain recovers from exhaustion and stress
Primitive HibernationPrimitive Hibernation– Sleep to conserve energySleep to conserve energy
Adaptive ProcessAdaptive Process– Night vulnerable time – keep safeNight vulnerable time – keep safe
Clear mind of useless informationClear mind of useless information– DreamingDreaming
Stages of SleepStages of Sleep
Stage IStage I– Lightest sleep Alpha + Theta wavesLightest sleep Alpha + Theta waves
Stage IIStage II– Brain waves shift - Theta wavesBrain waves shift - Theta waves
Stage IIIStage III– Deep sleep – Delta waves + Theta wavesDeep sleep – Delta waves + Theta waves
Stage IVStage IV– Deepest of sleep – Large Delta waves sweep brain Deepest of sleep – Large Delta waves sweep brain
every second - +50%every second - +50% REM SLEEPREM SLEEP
– Brain waves similar to awake person – Beta WavesBrain waves similar to awake person – Beta Waves
Circadian RhythmCircadian Rhythm
Biological clock that is roughly 24 hoursBiological clock that is roughly 24 hours Regulates physiological responsesRegulates physiological responses Even w/o cues people respond to thisEven w/o cues people respond to this
Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders
InsomniaInsomnia Sleep ApneaSleep Apnea NarcolepsyNarcolepsy Night TerrorsNight Terrors Sleep Walking/TalkingSleep Walking/Talking
InsomniaInsomnia
Not sleepingNot sleeping
Sleep ApneaSleep Apnea
Breathing stops or has Breathing stops or has trouble breathing trouble breathing during sleepduring sleep
SnoringSnoring ChokingChoking Affects 1/100 Affects 1/100
AmericansAmericans
Causes and SymptomsCauses and Symptoms
CausesCauses– Enlarged TonsilsEnlarged Tonsils– Throat/Middle ear infectionsThroat/Middle ear infections– ObesityObesity
SymptomsSymptoms– Trouble breathingTrouble breathing– ChokingChoking– Snoring that ends abruptlySnoring that ends abruptly
NarcolepsyNarcolepsy
Suddenly falling asleepSuddenly falling asleep Feeling very sleepy during the dayFeeling very sleepy during the day SymptomsSymptoms
– Unusual sleep and dream patternsUnusual sleep and dream patterns– Sleep attacks are brief REM episodesSleep attacks are brief REM episodes– Prone to accidentsProne to accidents– Relationships/workRelationships/work
NarcolepsyNarcolepsy
CausesCauses– Autoimmune diseaseAutoimmune disease– Immune system kills hypocretin making cellsImmune system kills hypocretin making cells– HLA gene variantHLA gene variant
Keep immune system in checkKeep immune system in check
Night TerrorsNight Terrors
Unpleasant dreamsUnpleasant dreams Screaming, panic, Screaming, panic,
confusionconfusion Usually in childrenUsually in childrenCauseCause Intense stimulation of Intense stimulation of
the part of the brain the part of the brain that deals with that deals with emotional reactionsemotional reactions– What part is that?What part is that?
Sleep Walking/TalkingSleep Walking/Talking
SymptomsSymptoms Walking / Talking during sleepWalking / Talking during sleep In most cases it is harmlessIn most cases it is harmless
CausesCauses Stress, fatigueStress, fatigue Sedative medicinesSedative medicines HeredityHeredity
What Have You Learned?What Have You Learned?
What is the difference between REM and What is the difference between REM and NREM sleep?NREM sleep?
What are the four theories as to why we What are the four theories as to why we sleep?sleep?
Why would you consider sleep an Why would you consider sleep an altered altered state of consciousness?state of consciousness?