alpmon project: near real-time monitoring of alpine forests ...46a0c2a7-703a-4aa7-8be0...alpine...
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The ASAP - AlpMon Project: Near Real-Time Monitoring of Alpine Forests
www.catalysts.cc/projects/alpmon/
Prof. Dr. Mathias Schardt----------------
supported by
partners
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Alpine Forest Facts
Alpine forests are the dominant LULC class of the Alps:• 46% forest cover in Alpine area (Alpine Convention report)
Alpine forests are an important and growing economic resource:• 9% of all EU27 above ground forest biomass is in the Alpine Convention area• 32.5 billion US$ = estimated economic value of forest products in Europe (FAO, 2010),
estimated economic loss due to bark beetles in Lower Austria in 2017: 35 Mio. €, furtherincrease of beetle infestations expected for 2018 due to the exceptionally dry spring
Other important socio-economic functions of Alpine forests:• recreational: tourism, leisure activities, sports,…• environmental: habitats, clean air and water,…• security: sustainable natural resources, protection against natural hazards,…
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Alpine Forests are @ risk
Climate change impacts on Alpine forests
• increase of storm damage• increase of drougth damage• -> increased risk of insect infestations
• AT 2017: new record in bark beetle damage
timber vol. damaged by storm and bark beetles in AT, 2017 (BFW)Öst. Forstzeitschrift 04/2018
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Alpine Forest Management Needs
• Forest owners, forest managers and forest administration need fast and geolocatedinformation on forest changes & damages, especially for remote areas
• such information will allow rapid initiation of mitigation measures to prevent furtherinsect infestations
FF Schäffern, 2017
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AlpMon: Alpine Forest Services
AlpMon Service 1
• near real-time forest changedetection based on S-2 time seriesanalysis & a change alert system
• long-term trend analysis
AlpMon Service 2
• improved forest maps• forest border & tree line• dominant leaf type & tree species• tree cover density
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AlpMon: Alpine Forest Services
AlpMon Services will be availablethrough a web-based user interface
AlpMon User Interface (mockup)
AlpMon Services are processed and runon the EODC cloud infrastructure
https://www.eodc.eu/
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2012 (t1)
Copernicus Nutzbar Machen 730. Mai 2017
TCD change detection
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TCD change detection2015 (t2)
Copernicus Nutzbar Machen 830. Mai 2017
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Change Detection ResultForest recovery
Copernicus Nutzbar Machen 930. Mai 2017
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2001Change Detection Service Province of Salzburg
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2011Changed Areas between 2001 and 2011
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AlpMon: Sentinel-2 Processing
• Fully automated Sentinel-2 (pre-)processing chain in Joanneum Impact Software
• daily check for new imagery for pre-defined granules -> if YES: start pre-processing
• ToA to BoA with Sen2Cor
• cloud/snow masking based on enhanced Sen2Cor scene classification
• topographic normalization in IMPACT (global: SRTM; Austria: LiDAR ndsm)
• calculation of (vegetation) indices and Tasseled Cap transformations
• time series analysis based on Least Squares estimates & Kalman Filter
• can be run on various cloud environments via docker containers
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AlpMon: NRT Forest Change Service
change is detected
- email/sms alert- new change layer
in user-interface + download ofshapefile
change is analysed
- size of affected area- date of first detection- change type (storm, harvest)- timber volume (from CHM)
pre-processing & time series analysis
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AlpMon: NRT Forest Change Tool
iteratively reweightedleast squares estimation
Kalman filter & outlierdetection
raw observations- Tasseled Cap- spectral bands- indices…
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AlpMon: NRT Forest Change Service
20.06.2017 31.08.2017 TC brightnessif multiple outliers detected-> change confirmed
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AlpMon: NRT Forest Change Service
• Detected change areas are analysed for change type• storm damage
• harvesting• clear-cut• forest thinning
• Differentiation of change types is based on• spectral properties of change areas (e.g. no debranching yet)• intensity of initial change signal• spatio-temporal analysis (previous logging in neighborhood?)• user confirmations -> future reference areas• future ideas: include wind speed maps/wind speed models
COSMO-DE model
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AlpMon: Bark Beetle Infestations
• bark beetle infestations cannot be detectedby tools that analyse rapid changes
• at the early stages of infestation, spectralchanges are very small
• when spectral changes are high, thetrees are already dead
• Therefore: a trend analysis tool is currentlybeing developed and tested at bark beetlesites in Lower and Upper Austria to detectinfestations at the earliest possible stage
June 2017 June 2018
OÖ 2018: removal of infested stands
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AlpMon: Borkenkäfer-Verdachtsgebiete
Juni 2017 Juli 2018• Ca. 600 Borkenkäfernester > 20x20m erhoben• Referenzbild: Mitte August 2017• Kiefer + Fichte
• Automatisierte Klassifikationsmethode• Test verschiedener Input Daten• Mono- vs. multitemporal
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AlpMon: Borkenkäfer-Verdachtsgebiete
Juni 2017 Juli 2018• Ca. 600 Borkenkäfernester > 20x20m erhoben
• Automatisierte Klassifikationsmethode• Test verschiedener Input Daten• Mono- vs. multitemporal
• Klassifikation von Borkenkäfer -Verdachtsgebieten
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AlpMon: Borkenkäfer-Verdachtsgebiete
Juni 2017 Juli 2018• Detektion der Borkenkäfer-Nester mittels Satellitenzeitreihen
• Linker Punkt (=blau): Borkenkäfernest• Rechter Punkt (=orange): nicht befallen
• Erstdetektion am 30.06.2017 (Bild in der Mitte)
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AlpMon: Borkenkäfer-Verdachtsgebiete
Juni 2017 Juli 2018• Sentinel-2 Szene von 28.09.2018
• Truppenübungsplatz Allentsteig
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AlpMon: Borkenkäfer-Verdachtsgebiete
Juni 2017 Juli 2018• Sentinel-2 Szene von 28.09.2018
• Klassifikationsbeispiel:• Rot = Verdacht auf
Borkenkäfernester mit Stand September 2018
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AlpMon: Borkenkäfer-Verdachtsgebiete
Juni 2017 Juli 2018• Klassifikationsbeispiel
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AlpMon: Borkenkäfer-Verdachtsgebiete
Juni 2017 Juli 2018• Klassifikationsbeispiel
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AlpMon: Dominant Leaf Type Map
AlpMon DLT map @ 10m Copernicus HRL Forest DLT map @ 20m
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AlpMon: Tree Species Map
Tree species separation based on phenologic differences
spring autumn Sentinel-2 image
tree species classificationbeech
alder
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AlpMon: Tree Cover Density Map
• based on knn regression classifier• rapid annual updates possible• input data:
• outdated LiDAR ndsm for training• a summer Sentinel-2 scene/mosaic
S-2 image2015 LiDAR ndsm 2012
LiDAR TCD2012
S-2 TCD2015
TCD change2012-2015
from Ciancio et al. 2006
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• The demo sites for the AlpMon services are the Austrian Bundesland Steiermark / Styria and selected bark beetle sites in Lower and Upper Austria
• The AlpMon Services can easily be expanded to full Alpine scale
• Test users are from a variety of forest entities:
• forest owners and forest owner representatives• private forest companies• private forest offices• forest administration offices (Landesforstdirektion)• governmental organistations
AlpMon: Demo Sites and Test Users
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AlpMon: Alpine Forest Services
www.catalysts.cc/projects/alpmon/
For more information on
• our AlpMon Services • our custom-tailored EO
forest solutions
visit our project website: