𝛼 ΑAlpha

In Mathematics

• Often represents angles in algebra.

• In statistics, the significance level when a Normal Distribution is used.

• Alpha Radiation• Angular acceleration• In Zoology, used to

name dominant individual in wolf or dog pack.

In Science

𝛽ΒBeta

• Beta Radiation

In Science

𝛾 ΓGamma

In Mathematics

• Chromatic Number of a graph.

• is the Gamma Function. It allows the factorial function to be extended to real/negative/complex numbers.

• In statistics, the distribution is the conceptual opposite of the Multinomial.

• In Computer Science, the tape alphabet of a Turing Machine.

• Gamma Radiation in nuclear physics.

• Heat Capacity Ratio in thermodynamics.

• Surface Energy in materials science.

In Science

𝜀∈ ΕEpsilon

In Mathematics

• is an arbitrarily small positive constant.

• means “is an element of” in Set Theory.

• In Computer Science, denotes an empty string.

• In statistics, to refer to error terms.

• refers to elasticity in Economics.

• Electromotive force.• In Astronomy, the 5th

biggest star in a constellation.

In Science

𝜁 ΖZeta

In Mathematics

• is the Riemann Zeta Function. • The damping ratio of an oscillating system.

• Effective nuclear charge on an electron.

In Science

𝜂ΗEta

In Mathematics

• is the Dirichlet Eta Function in number theory.

• -mesons in particle physics.

• The efficiency of a power supply.

• In Oceonography, the measurement of sea-level height above the mean in that location.

In Science

𝜃ΘTheta

In Mathematics

• is often used to denote an angle.

• In probability, often denotes the likelihood function (i.e. ).

• One of the Chebyshev Functions in Prime Number Theory.

• In Computer Science, “Big Theta” puts a bound on the complexity of an algorithm.

• The potential temperature in Meteorology.

• In neuroscience, Brain Signal Frequency ranging from 4-8Hz.

In Science

𝜄 ΙIota

In Mathematics

• Can be used as the value of , but a regular ‘’ is more typically used.

𝜅 ΚKappa

In Mathematics

• In graph theory, is the minimum number of edges that need to be removed from a graph to make it ‘disconnected’.

• A measurement of ‘inter-rater reliability’ in surveys, i.e. how consistent people’s responses were.

• In Chemistry, the compressibility of a compound.

In Science

𝜆 ΛLambda

In Mathematics

• Sometimes used to mean the ‘empty set’ in Set Theory, although more often used.

• In lambda calculus represents a nameless function, e.g. means

• An eigenvalue of a matrix.• is a set of logical axioms in

First Order Logic.

• The wavelength of any wave.

• is the half life of a radioactive material.

In Science

𝜇ΜMu

In Mathematics

• indicates the mean in a Normal Distribution.

• The population mean.• The Mobius Function in

number theory.• The Integrating Factor in

differential equations.• The coefficient of friction in

mechanics.

• The elementary particles called the muon and antimuon.

• The chemical potential of a system in thermodynamics.

In Science

𝜈 ΝNu

In Mathematics

• is the degree of freedom in statistics.

• is the frequency of a wave.

• is the number of neutrons released per fission.

• Any of the three kinds of neutrino in particle physics.

In Science

𝜉 ΞXi

In Mathematics

• Eigenvectors.• The ‘universal set’ in set

theory.• Often used to denote random

variables in statistics.

• The correlation function in astronomy.

• Potential difference in Physics (in Volts).

In Science

𝜊ΟOmicron

In Mathematics

• Originally used in ‘Big O’ notation, which describes how a function asymptotically grows, although a normal ‘O’ is preferred.

• The 13th biggest star in a constellation group.

In Science

𝜋 ΠPi

In Mathematics

•The ratio between the diameter and circumference of a circle.

• is the product of expressions, e.g.

• The ‘prime counting function’ is the number of primes numbers up to a given integer .

𝜌 ΡRho

In Mathematics

• Various densities (e.g. )• A plastic number (a unique

real solution to )• is the spectral radius of a

matrix .• Spearman’s Rank Correlation

Coefficient in statistics.

• indicates resistivity.• In molecular biology,

the Rho Protein responsible for the termination of RNA synthesis.

In Science

𝜎 Σ𝜍Sigma

In Mathematics

• is the population standard deviation in statistics, or the standard deviation of a Normal Distribution.

• is used to sum expressions.E.g.

• The covariance matrix in statistics.

• finds the sum of the factors of , e.g.

• -receptor in biology.• used for surface

tension.• -bonds in chemistry.• A measure of

electrical conductivity.

In Science

𝜏 ΤTau

In Mathematics

• is twice as big as .• Torsion of a curve in

differential geometry.• The tau function in number

theory.

• Often used in Physics as a time variable (particularly if is already being used for temperature).

• Torque, the rotational force in mechanics.

• Tau Protein associated with diseases such as Alzheimer’s.

In Science

𝜐ΥUpsilon

• is the Upsilon Particle in particle physics.

In Science

𝜙ΦPhi

In Mathematics

• is the Golden Ratio.• is the Probability Density

Function for the Normal Distribution.

• A sentence in First Order Logic.• is Euler’s Totient Function. It

gives the number of values up to where the greatest common divisor of that number and is 1. e.g.:, because and

• The aromatic functional group in organic chemistry.

• Porosity in geology.

In Science

𝜒 ΧChi

In Mathematics

• The (“Chi Squared”) distribution in statistics, frequently used in hypothesis testing.

• In topology, the Euler characteristic of a surface.

• In chemistry, the mole fraction and electronegativity.

• The optic chiasm in neurology (due to its shape resembling the letter)

In Science

𝜓ΨPsi

In Mathematics

• The sum of the reciprocals of the Fibonacci numbers:

• The Polygamma Function.

• Used to represent wave functions in quantum mechanics.

• Water Potential in movement of water between plant cells.

• The -meson in particle physics.

• In astronomy, the planet Neptune.

In Science

𝜔ΩOmega

In Mathematics

• In statistics, used to indicate the sample space, i.e. the set of possible outcomes.

• is the Omega Constant, a solution of the Lambert-W function.

• The omega subgroups in group theory.

• are the complex cube roots of 1.

• is the number of distinct factors of . e.g.

• is the unit of electrical resistance.

• -baryons in particle physics.

• is angular velocity.• is the ranking of a

star’s brightness within a constellation.

In Science