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Visual Style and Focalization Nancy Pedri Memorial University of Newfoundland [email protected] A look at how visual style provides essential cues that express the way characters experience their world and their selves in that world. Examples from Asterios Polyp and Lint will help answer how visual style communicates fictional mental functioning. Style is a sophisticated and, at times, subtle narrative strategy used to communicate seeing and understanding (in short, focalization), which, in turn, is intrinsically linked to a fictional agent’s way of being in the world. Stylistic ruptures or shifts in stylistic choices are likely to reflect changing visions of the fictional world. Visual style often accentuates not only an embodied self, but also a social, relational, or entangled selfhood.

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Visual  Style  and  

Focalization                        Nancy  Pedri            Memorial  University  of  Newfoundland            [email protected]    

 

   

 A  look  at  how  visual  style  provides  essential   cues   that   express   the  way   characters   experience   their  world   and   their   selves   in   that  world.   Examples   from   Asterios  Polyp   and   Lint   will   help   answer  how   visual   style   communicates  fictional  mental  functioning.  

Style   is   a   sophisticated   and,   at  

times,   subtle   narrative   strategy  

used   to   communicate   seeing   and  

understanding   (in   short,  

focalization),   which,   in   turn,   is  

intrinsically   linked   to   a   fictional  

agent’s  way  of  being  in  the  world.    

Stylistic   ruptures   or  

shifts  in  stylistic  choices    

are   likely   to   reflect  

changing   visions   of   the  

fictional    world.    

Visual   style  often  accentuates  

not  only  an  embodied  self,  but  

also   a   social,   relational,   or  

entangled  selfhood.  

 

 

 

 

Things  to  think  a  bit  more  about:    

1. To  determine  the  narrative  function  of  style  –  visual  and  verbal  style  –  considerations  of  stylistic  options  and  the  impressions  they  give  rise  to  need  to  extend  beyond  assessments  of  authorial  voice  to  consider  issues  of  focalization  as  well.      

2. The  study  of  style  and  its  relation  to  focalization  fosters  a  nuanced  appreciation  of  how  fictional  worlds  are  conceptualized  by  narrators  or  characters,  and  what  demands  those  conceptualizations  place  on  readers.  

 3. The  study  of  the  logic,  principles  and  practices  of  visual  storytelling  (visual  

narratology)  necessitates  an  approach  that  values,  if  not  privileges  a  textual  and  textured  sensibility  (one  that  pays  close  attention  to  style  not  as  a  descriptive  category  of  a  graphic  syntax,  style  or  design,  but  as  an  effect  of  a  narrative’s  visual  components)  if  it  is  to  account  both  for  how  visual  narratives  tell  stories  and  engage  readers  in  their  worlds.    

 

 Fischer,  Craig  and  Charles  Hatfield.  “Teeth,  Sticks,  and  Bricks:  Calligraphy,  Graphic  Focalization,  and  

Narrative  Braiding  in    Eddie  Campbell’s  Alec.”  Graphic  Narratives  and  Narrative  Theory.  Ed.  Jared  Gardner  and  David  Herman.  Spec.  issue  of  SubStance  40.1  (2011):  70-­‐93.    

Lefèvre,  Pascal.  “Mise  en  scène  and  Framing:  Visual  Storytelling  in  Lone  Wolf  and  Cub.”  Critical  Approaches  to  Comics:  Theories  and  Methods.  Ed.  Matthew  J.  Smith  and  Randy  Duncan.  New  York:  Routledge,  2012.  71-­‐83.  

Meesters,  Gert.  “Les  significations  du  style  graphique:  Mon  fiston  d’Olivier  Schrauwen  et  Faire  semblant  c’est  mentir  de  Dominique  Goblet.”  Textyles  36-­‐37  (2010):  215-­‐233.  

Mikkonen,  Kai.  “Subjectivity  and  Style  in  Graphic  Narrative.”  From  Comic  Strips  to  Graphic  Novels:  Contributions  to  the  Theory  and  History  of  Graphic  Narratives.  Ed.  Daniel  Stein  and  Jan-­‐Noël  Thon.  Berlin:  DeGruyter,  2013.  101-­‐123.  

Palmer,  Alan.  Fictional  Minds.  Lincoln:  U  of  Nebraska  P,  2004.  Semino,  Elena.  “Mind  Style  Twenty-­‐five  Years  On.”  Style  41.2  (Summer  2007):  153-­‐173.  

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