all you need to know about swine-flu / h1n1

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This presentation provides information on Novel Influenza (H1N1, Swine Flu)

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What Is Novel H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu)?

A new influenza virus causing illness in people. A new influenza virus causing illness in people.

Spreading worldwide, probably in much the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses spread.Spreading worldwide, probably in much the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses spread.

On June 11, 2009, the (WHO) signaled that a pandemic of novel HOn June 11, 2009, the (WHO) signaled that a pandemic of novel H1N1 flu was underway.


Why Is It Called “Swine Flu”?

Has many genes similar to flu viruses that normally occur in pigs (swine).

Further study has shown that this new

pigs.

Further study has shown that this new virus is very different. Its affecting people who have had no contact with pigs.

It has genes from 4 flu viruses: 2 that

humans.

It has genes from 4 flu viruses: 2 that normally circulate in pigs, 1 that affects birds, and 1 that affects humans.


What Are The Signs and Symptoms Of Swine Flu?

Fever (usually >100₀ F)Fever (usually >100₀ F)

CoughCough

Sore throatSore throat

Runny or stuffy noseRunny or stuffy nose

Body aches and headacheBody aches and headache

Chills and fatigueChills and fatigue

Diarrhea and vomitingDiarrhea and vomiting

Pneumonia in complicated casesPneumonia in complicated cases

Cannot be differentiated from seasonal flu or other viral respiratory illnesses Cannot be differentiated from seasonal flu or other viral respiratory illnesses based on symptoms

How Does Novel H1N1 Spread?

Mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing. You could get the swine flu virus from an infected person, when they cough or sneeze.

Mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing. You could get the swine flu virus from an infected person, when they cough or sneeze.

The other mode of transmission is infected

infected surface and then touch your eyes, mouth, or nose, you can become infected.

The other mode of transmission is infected surfaces. The flu virus can survive in the environment for 2 to 8 hours. If you touch an infected surface and then touch your eyes, mouth, or nose, you can become infected.


Is Swine Flu A Very Severe Disease?

Illness ranges from mild to severeIllness ranges from mild to severe

Most people recover without needing medical treatmentMost people recover without needing medical treatment

But hospitalizations and deaths have occurredBut hospitalizations and deaths have occurred

So far, globally and So far, 177457 reported cases globally and 1462 deaths*

•Source: WHO. Data as on 12th August 2009. www.HealthcareMagic.com

Mortality Due to Some Conditions in India

Tuberculosis: About 900 to 1000 per day

Pneumonia: About 1000 under 5 children per day

Diarrhea: About 1000 under 5 children per day

Pregnancy and childbirth: About 300 women per

day


Who Is At High Risk Of Complications?

Children younger than 5 years oldChildren younger than 5 years old

Adults 65 years of age and olderAdults 65 years of age and older

Persons with chronic lung, heart, kidney, liver, blood, nervous system disease, or diabetes

Persons with chronic lung, heart, kidney, liver, blood, nervous system disease, or diabetes

ImmunosuppressedImmunosuppressed

Pregnant women Pregnant women

Residents of nursing homes and other chronicResidents of nursing homes and other chronic-care facilities


What Can I Do To Protect Myself From Getting Sick?

Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze.

Wash your hands often with soap and water. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also effective.Wash your hands often with soap and water. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also effective.

Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth

Try to avoid close contact with people with fluTry to avoid close contact with people with flu-like symptoms

If you are sick with flu-like illness stay home for at least 24 hours after your fever is gone without the use of a feverIf you are sick with flu-like illness stay home for at least 24 hours after your fever is gone without the use of a fever-reducing medicine.

Minimize the time spent in crowded settingsMinimize the time spent in crowded settings

Maintain general good health, avoid excessive stress, and keep your living spaces well ventilated Maintain general good health, avoid excessive stress, and keep your living spaces well ventilated

What About the Use of Masks?

Ordinary facemasks do not protect against breathing in very small particle aerosols that may contain virusesOrdinary facemasks do not protect against breathing in very small particle aerosols that may contain viruses

In community and home settings, the use of facemasks is generally not recommended but can be consideredIn community and home settings, the use of facemasks is generally not recommended but can be considered, particularly for high-risk persons

Dispose the mask immediately after contact, and cleanse your hands thoroughlyDispose the mask immediately after contact, and cleanse your hands thoroughly

Using a mask correctly in all situations is essential. Incorrect use actually increases the chance of spreading infectionUsing a mask correctly in all situations is essential. Incorrect use actually increases the chance of spreading infection

Health workers caring for persons with known, probable or suspected novel H1N1 or influenzaHealth workers caring for persons with known, probable or suspected novel H1N1 or influenza-like illness should use N95 mask

If you are a caregiver, wear a mask when in close contact with the ill person. High risk-persons should avoid being caregiver or otherwise must use a proper mask If you are a caregiver, wear a mask when in close contact with the ill person. High risk-persons should avoid being caregiver or otherwise must use a proper mask

N 95 masks are designed to protect the person wearing the respirator against breathing in very small particle aerosols that may contain viruses N 95 masks are designed to protect the person wearing the respirator against breathing in very small particle aerosols that may contain viruses

Persons with known, probable or suspected flu should preferably wear a mask when in contact with othersPersons with known, probable or suspected flu should preferably wear a mask when in contact with others

What to Do If You Get Flu-Like Symptoms?

If you have flu you may be ill for a week or longer.If you have flu you may be ill for a week or longer.

Stay home and keep away from others as much as possible.Stay home and keep away from others as much as possible.

Anti-pyretic medications are recommended for relief of fever.Anti-pyretic medications are recommended for relief of fever.

Supportive care at home – take rest and drink plenty of fluids.Supportive care at home – take rest and drink plenty of fluids.

* Source: WHO. Data as on 31st July 2009.

Do not rush to a testing center. First see your nearby doctor.Do not rush to a testing center. First see your nearby doctor.


Antivirals Against Swine Flu

Two antivirals are available for use against swine flu –oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) Two antivirals are available for use against swine flu –oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza)

Can reduce the severity and duration of illnessCan reduce the severity and duration of illness

Are Prescription Drugs. Do not take unless prescribed by your doctor.Are Prescription Drugs. Do not take unless prescribed by your doctor.

Zanamivir is indicated for treatment of influenza in adults and children (>twice daily for

Zanamivir is indicated for treatment of influenza in adults and children (>5 years). 2 inhalations (2 x 5mg) twice daily for 5 days.


Tamiflu is indicated for treatment of patients one year of age and older. Oral dose is days in adolescents and adults.

Tamiflu is indicated for treatment of patients one year of age and older. Oral dose is 75 mg twice daily for 5 days in adolescents and adults.


When to Seek Urgent Medical Care?Emergency Warning Signs

In children, emergency warning signs include:

• like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough

In children, emergency warning signs include: • Fast breathing or trouble breathing • Bluish or gray skin color • Not drinking enough fluids • Severe or persistent vomiting • Not waking up or not interacting • Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough

In adults, emergency warning signs include:

• like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough

In adults, emergency warning signs include: • Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath • Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen • Sudden dizziness • Confusion • Severe or persistent vomiting • Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough

What Can Organizations Do To Protect Employees?

Disinfect commonlyDisinfect commonly-touched surfaces at regular intervals

Provide sufficient facilities for hand washingProvide sufficient facilities for hand washing

Display posters about hand washing, respiratory hygiene, and cough etiquetteDisplay posters about hand washing, respiratory hygiene, and cough etiquette

Provide flexible and nonProvide flexible and non-penalizing leave policies

Arrange for brief education and communication sessions for the employees Arrange for brief education and communication sessions for the employees

Ask employees to stay at home if they are sick. Make backup plans for the possibility of unscheduled leavesAsk employees to stay at home if they are sick. Make backup plans for the possibility of unscheduled leaves

Provide sufficient tissues and disinfectants to wipe work surfacesProvide sufficient tissues and disinfectants to wipe work surfaces

Is It Safe To Travel?

At this time, the WHO does not recommend against travel to any country At this time, the WHO does not recommend against travel to any country

Travelers should check the website of

which may impact their travel

Travelers should check the website of the embassy of the country to which they are traveling for the latest updates on entry or exit screening procedures which may impact their travel


Ill persons should postpone travel. Ill persons should postpone travel.


For more information, contactDr. Abhilash: +91-80-30714696

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all you need to know about swine-flu / h1n1

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