All Rights Reserved:ATENEO COMPUTER SCIENCE CENTERAteneo de Davao University

DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS

Outline

• Data Processing System (DPS)– Data, Information, Programs– Definition and Objective of DPS– Elements of a DPS– Types of data processing systems

• Electronic Data Processing System (EDPS)– 3 Components of an EDPS– Advantages/Disadvantages of an EDPS

Data

• are facts, set of symbols to represent objects, events, activities and quantities

• Basic Forms of Data:– Text consist of standard alphabetic,

numeric and special characters– Graphics still pictures such as drawings,

graphs, images and illustrations– Audio any type of sound– Video consist of motion pictures

Information

• data that has been processed into a meaningful form

• 4 characteristics:– Accurate– Timely– Complete– Relevant

Programs

• set of instructions that tells the computer how to process the data to produce information that the user wants

• Instructions that causes the computer to perform specific actions

Data Processing System

• Data – are facts, set of symbols to represent objects, events, activities and quantities

• Process – the execution of various operations on data to convert it to a form which is meaningful

• System – a collection of components that interact to serve a common goal

• Objective:– To convert raw data into information

that can be used in decision making

Elements of a DPS

1. Input– collection of data/information and conversion

into a form acceptable for processing2. Processing

– application of operations that convert data into a meaningful form

3. Output– the form that is acceptable to the user for

analysis or as input for a second cycle4. Storage

– the medium where you can keep both data and information for future reference or retrieval

Types of Data Processing

1. Manual Data Processing– is done by people with or without

the aid of machines. These machines are typewriters, calculator, adding machine, etc..

2. Electronic Data Processing– is done exclusively by machines

with minimal human supervision. Electronic devices are used such as computers to produce information.

Electronic Data Processing

• 3 Components1.Hardware – physical components

– physical equipment in a computing environment

2.Software – conceptual components– machine codes and computer programs– built from planning and knowledge

3.Peopleware – human components– personnel involved in the system– highly specialized personnel with computer skills

Physical Components: HARDWARE

For INPUT:• Keyboard• Mouse• Video cam

For PROCESS:• SYSTEM UNIT

– CPU– memory– disk drives

Physical Components: HARDWARE

For OUTPUT:

•Display (soft-copy)

•Printer (hard-copy)

•Multi-media speakers

Physical Components: HARDWARE

For STORAGE:• floppy disks• fixed disk• CD• CD RW

Physical Components: HARDWARE

• Applications Software– Computer programs that provide tools for performing

the type of work that people require computer systems to do; commonly called applications programs or applications.

a. Productivity Software – a computer programs such as word processors and spreadsheets, designed to make workers more productive in their jobs.

b. Entertainment Software – a computer program that plays movies, music and games.

c. Educational Software – a computer program that aids on education such as tutorials.

Conceptual Components: SOFTWARE

• Systems Software– Computer programs that enable application

programs to run on a given set of hardware.

a. Operating System - the main collection of systems software that enables the computer system to manage the resources under its control.

b. Personal Operating System - MS-DOS & PCDOSc. Network Operating Systems - an operating system

that enables the network administrator in an organization to control network tasks.

d. Language Translators - systems software that converts applications programs into a machine language.

Conceptual Components: SOFTWARE

Areas of the EDP Department

• SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES– defining and developing the system which will be

implemented on the company’s hardware.– design of systems, impetus for designing new systems– serves as the liaisons between users and the other

departments

* Systems Analyst– planning and design of new applications

* Programmer Analyst– programming and designing a system

Areas of the EDP Department

• PROGRAMMING AREA– responsible for all programming activities– updating and maintaining systems which have

already been programmed– advisers to SYSTEMS & PROCEDURES area on any

programming area that might occur in systems design

* Applications Programmers* Maintenance Programmers* System Programmers

Areas of the EDP Department

* Applications Programmers• They are provided with the requirements of a

job and are asked to develop logic and then code, debug and document a program

* Maintenance Programmers• Responsible for revising, amending or

updating existing programs. They are the “trouble shooters” (finding and fixing errors in existing software)

* System Programmers• They are highly skilled programmers which are

responsible for maximizing the overall efficiency of a computer system

Areas of the EDP Department

• OPERATIONS– controls all of the day-to-day activities which take

place within the data processing department.

* Data Preparation Staff* Computer Operator* File Librarian* Auditor* Database Administrator

Areas of the EDP Department

– Data Preparation Staff• Converts data into codes (coding clerk)• Converts data into a form said to be

computer readable (data encoders)

* Computer Operator* Prepares data for processing

* File Librarian• Takes care of the inventory of records,

disks and other file media (issues, receipts and storage of files)

Areas of the EDP Department

– Auditor• Accounting and computer specialists who

are responsible for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of the computer system

* Data Base Administrator• Responsible for organizing a large volume

of data such as the database of an organization

Advantages and Disadvantages of the

EDP System:

ADVANTAGES

•increased speed•improved accuracy and reliability•more effective control (error-

checking, reports)•reduced cost•storage capacity•improved quality

DISADVANTAGES

• relatively high cost of equipment• cost and difficulty of systems

design and programming• channelling of work• problems of conversion from a

manual system to an electronic one

• security problems