all maps distort… distance, ordistance, or direction, ordirection, or shape, orshape, or a...

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ALL Maps Distort… Distance, or Direction, or Shape, or A combination of the above.

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Page 1: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

ALL Maps Distort…

• Distance, or• Direction, or• Shape, or• A combination of the above.

Page 2: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

Map Projections of a Human

Head

But who decides which projection

to use?

Page 3: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

Mercator Projection • One of the first

projections

• Parallel lines (better for navigation)

• Distortion toward poles (Greenland), therefore Northern hemisphere appears “larger”

• Eurocentric?

Page 4: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

• Equal area: Accurate relative sizes of every land mass• 1974 (new)• Political Controversy• Focuses on “Global South”

Peters Projection

Page 5: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

Robinson Projection

•“Neutral?”•Good “visual” (not navigational) representation•Not proportional

Page 6: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

Maps and Power.• Therefore, all maps are representations of power:

– The power of the mapmaker– The power of the country / authority behind the

mapmaker– The power of one culture representing another culture

and its cultural space– The power to choose what is and is NOT represented on

the map and in what form– No map is inherently “neutral,” “value-free,” or

“scientifically impartial”6

Page 7: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

Colonial Empires 1763

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Page 8: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

Colonial Empires 1815

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Page 9: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

Colonial Possessions 1914

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Page 10: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

Northern Ireland (Catholics vs. Protestants)

• Same race, language

• Different religion? Ethnicity?

• Protestant majority for staying in U.K.; Catholic minority for joining Ireland.

Page 11: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

Colonialism in the Middle East• 1948: Israel (re)created by U.N.*• In a mostly Arabic region, most reject /

resent the decision by Western countries to assist in the creation of Israel in what they consider their homeland (culturally, historically, religiously) for ~3,000 years

Palestinian Newspaper

Page 12: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

• Jewish State (Israel)

• Arab State (Palestine)

• International Zone (Jerusalem)

1948: UN Partition Plan

Page 13: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

Jerusalem:Holy City to Jews, Muslims, and Christians

Page 14: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

20th Century History of Israel / Palestine

Page 15: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above
Page 16: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

Question:• Is this a religious / cultural issue?• Or is it a political issue?

Page 17: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

Muslims in the U.S.

Page 18: ALL Maps Distort… Distance, orDistance, or Direction, orDirection, or Shape, orShape, or A combination of the above.A combination of the above

Judaism in the U.S.