alkanes_straight chain, structural isomers & branch chain

8/11/2019 Alkanes_Straight Chain, Structural Isomers & Branch Chain

1/26

Title: Naming Saturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (1 of 26)

Naming SaturatedliphaticHydrocarbons


2/26

Title: Saturated Term (2 of 26)

Saturated liphaticHydrocarbons

ll c rb o n b o n d s re

s in g le b o nd s


3/26


4/26

Title: Hydrocarbon Term (4 of 26)

Saturated liphaticHydrocarbons

h y d ro g e n n d c rb

o n

c o n t in in g c o m

p o u n d s

ll c rb o n b o n d s re

s in g le b o nd s

c rb o n to m s lin k e d in n o p e n c h in


5/26

Title: IUPAC (5 of 26)

The International Union of Pure Applied Chemists (IUPAC) isresponsible for making up the rules for naming organic compounds.

You will first learn the IUPAC names for the first ten saturatedaliphatic hydrocarbons, called alkanes.

Next, you will use the IUPAC naming system to name alkenes,alkynes, branched chain hydrocarbons, alcohols, carboxylicacids, and esters.


6/26

Title: The Carbon Atom (6 of 26)

The Carbon tom

4 single bonds2 double bonds

1 double two single bonds1 triple bond a single bond

12 C6

Carbon can form compounds composed of...

atomic numberatomic mass

p+e -

Bohr Diagram


7/26

Title: Methane (7 of 26)

The First Ten Alkanes IUPAC Name Chemical FormulaGeneral Formula

Structural Formula

Common Use(s) m.p. b.p.

H

meth ane CH 4(gas)C1H(2x 1+2)

- 161C 183C Fuel for heating.


8/26

Title: Ethane (8 of 26)


Structural Formula


H

H

C2H(2x2+2)eth ane C2H6(gas)

- 89C 172C Component of natural gas, used for heating. Catalyst used in the preparation of other chemicals.


9/26

Title: Propane (9 of 26)


Structural Formula


H

H

C3H(2x3+2)prop ane C3H8(gas)

- 42C 188C Fuel used for cooking. Fuel in propane powered vehicles.


10/26

Title: Butane (10 of 26)


Structural Formula


H

H

C4H(2x 4+2)but ane C4H10(gas)

- 138C 0.5C Lighter fuel.


11/26

Title: Pentane (11 of 26)


Structural Formula


H

C5H(2x 5+2)pent ane C5H12(liquid)

36C 130C


12/26

Title: Hexane (12 of 26)


Structural Formula

m.p. b.p.

H

H

Common Use(s)

C6H(2x 6+2)hex ane C6H14(liquid)

- 95C 68C


13/26

Title: Heptane (13 of 26)


Structural Formula


H

H

H

H

C7H(2x 7+2)hept ane C7H16(liquid)

- 91C 98C


14/26

Title: Octane (14 of 26)


Structural Formula


H

H

H

H

C8H(2x 8+2)oct ane C8H18(liquid)

- 57C 126C Major component of gasoline.


15/26

Title: Nonane (15 of 26)


Structural Formula


H

H

H

H

C9H(2x 9+2)non ane C9H20(liquid)

- 53C 151C

dragto

target


16/26

Title: Decane (16 of 26)


Structural Formula


H

H

H

H

C10 H(2x 10 +2)dec ane C10 H22(liquid)

- 30C 174C Component of gasoline

dragto

target


17/26

Title: Graphing m.p. b.p. (17 of 26)

Construct a graph of melting point and boiling point on the y-axis versus number of carbon atoms on the x-axis.

Make a statement about the trend(s) that you notice.

Learning Activity


18/26

Title: Alkane Isomers (18 of 26)

Alkane Isomers

Thalidamide A(no morning sickness)

Make butane Make an isomer of butane

Structural IsomersAny of two or more chemical compounds having the samemolecular formula but different structural formulas.

http://www.todayinsci.com/Events/Medical/ThalidamideChildThm.jpg

Thalidamide B(severe birth defects)

Structural Isomers Modelling Activity


19/26

Title: Naming (19 of 26)

Sketching Naming Branched Alkanes

Name Sketch2 - methyl butane


20/26

Title: Naming (20 of 26)

Sketching Naming Branched Alkanes

Name Sketch2,2 - dimethyl - 4 - propyl heptane


21/26

Title: Naming Aliphatic Hydrocarbons_Handout (21 of 26)

Naming SaturatedAliphatic

Hydrocarbons


22/26

Title: IUPAC_Handout (22 of 26)

The International Union of Pure Applied Chemists (IUPAC) isresponsible for making up the rules for naming organic compounds.

You will first learn the IUPAC names for the first ten saturatedaliphatic hydrocarbons, called alkanes.

Next, you will use the IUPAC naming system to name alkenes,alkynes, branched chain hydrocarbons, alcohols, carboxylicacids, and esters.


23/26

Title: The Carbon Atom_Handout (23 of 26)

The Carbon Atom

4 single bonds2 double bonds

1 double two single bonds1 triple bond a single bond

12 C6

Carbon can form compounds composed of...

atomic numberatomic mass

p+e -

Bohr Diagram


24/26

Title: Alkane Isomers_Handout (24 of 26)

Alkane Isomers

Thalidamide A(no morning sickness)

Thalidamide B(severe birth defects)

Make butane Make an isomer of butane


25/26

Title: Template (25 of 26)


26/26

Title: Nov 30-11:30 AM (26 of 26)

alkanes_straight chain, structural isomers & branch chain

Documents