alison and sarraf, understanding cancer, cambridge university press, 1997 what is “cancer”
TRANSCRIPT
Alison and Sarraf, Understanding Cancer, Cambridge University Press, 1997
What is “Cancer”
From L. J. Kleinsmith, Principles of Cancer Biology. Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Cancer Trends
Skin
Cancer Trends
From L. J. Kleinsmith, Principles of Cancer Biology. Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Cancer Survival
From L. J. Kleinsmith, Principles of Cancer Biology. Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Estimate of cancer-related deaths based upon environmental cause
From L. J. Kleinsmith, Principles of Cancer Biology. Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
p53 is a regulator of apoptosis
External pathway – induced by exposure to chemical signals released by other cells – are “death signals”
Death signals activate
death receptors
Internal pathway – induced by excessive DNA damage
High accumulation of activated p53
Leaches frommitochondria &
activates caspase cascade
From L. J. Kleinsmith, Principles of Cancer Biology. Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Prevalence of p53 mutations in human cancers
p53 is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers
Figure 16.9 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Is Timing Everything?
PanINs = pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias arediscrete stages in tumor progression
The Chemotherapy Industry
In 2003, worldwide market for products was ~$36.8 billion US
Currently, oncology-related products represent ~10% of total $430 billion worldwide market for pharmaceuticals (Pharmaceutical Therapeutic Categories Outlook: Comprehensive Study 375, S.G. Cowan & Co., NY, 2004)
Market expansion driven by:Increased therapeutic optionsWillingness to treat older patientsHigh price of newer drugs
At present, more than 1,300 small U.S. biotech companies focused on molecular target drug development, >50% cancer focused