Alicia Culver Green Purchasing Institute

info2008@greenpurchasing.org

Purchasing for

Climate ProtectionGreen Schools Summit 2008

Anaheim, CA ● December 8, 2008

Global Temperatures Rising

Source: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, January 11, 2008

Source: Washington State Dept of Ecology; www.ecy.wa.gov/climatechange/effects.htm

Energy needed to manufacture product Energy consumed using product GHGs released by product during useEnd-of-life GHG emissions

– when product is landfilled, incinerated, recycled

How do products have climate change impact?

Transportation

Transportation Sector = Largest GHG Emitter

Accounts for ~1/3 of all CO2 emissions nationwide

Source: Energy Information Administration, www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/flash/flash.html

Sustainable Bus Fleets

Sustainable Biofuels?Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels is developing an international standard: http://cgse.epfl.ch/page65660-en.html

Key criterion: Sustainable biofuels reduce GHGs (measured using consistent criteria)

Slow Transport

Transportation by ship is most efficientRail Freight is a close second Road Transport: 4X more CO2 than Rail)Air Freight is worst:

6X more CO2 than road; 30X > rail

Local PurchasingWin Win Reduces GHG emissions in the

transport sector Strengthens local economy by creating

“green” collar jobs and increasing tax revenue

Facility Energy Use

Source: US Department of Energy; http://buildingsdatabook.eren.doe.gov/ChartView.aspx?chartID=1

Buildings account for:

• 70% of electricity consumption

• 39% of energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions

Energy-Efficient Lamps and Ballasts

Reduce mercury from power plants

Decrease # of lamps needed to light spacesSpecify “Super T8s” (SPX, XPS, High-lumen),

T5s and “extra-efficient” ballasts

Set minimum efficiency (lumens/watt) CRI (80+)

Eliminate inefficient lamps, ballasts & fixtures from contracts (T12, mercury vapor, circular T9s)

LEDs

• Exit signs • Traffic signals• Parking lot lights • Hallway lighting• Elevator lights• Replacements for pin-based CFLs• Task and track lighting• Underwater lighting for pools• Pathway lighting (outdoor

lighting)• Holiday lighting

Exit Signs

Incandescent light bulbsInefficient: use about 40 wattsBulbs last about 3000 hours (~4-6 months)

Fluorescent lampsMore efficient than incandescent (5-15 watts)Contain mercury (5-30 mg)Bulbs last about 7,500 -10,000 hours (9-12 months)

LEDsEven more efficient (<1-5 watts)Bulbs last up to 100,000 hours (up to 10 years)

Self-luminescentUse no energy

ENERGY STAR-rated Products List

Appliances: washers, dishwashers, refrigerators, etc.

Heating and cooling equipment: furnaces, boilers, air conditioners, fans, etc.

Lighting equipment: compact fluorescent lamps, fixtures, exit signs, traffic signals, etc.

Office equipment: computers, copiers, printers, etc.

Electronics: telephones, TVs, DVD players, etc.

Miscellaneous: food service equipment, vending machines, windows, etc.

www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=bulk_purchasing.bus_purchasing

Federal Energy Management Program

US Dept of Energy’s FEMP runs an Energy Efficient Products Program to help purchasers identify and calculate the life-cycle costs of highly-efficient energy-using products, including:

HVAC equipment Appliances Windows Roofing Electric motors Lighting technologies Office equipment Water-using devices

See: www.eere.energy.gov/femp/technologies/eeproducts.cfm

Appliances

Commercial ENERGY STAR Appliance

Lifetime (years)

Lifetime CO2

reduction (lbs)

Lifetime energy use reduction

(kWh)

Net Lifetime Savings

($) Hi-Temp Conveyor Dishwasher (400 racks/day) 20 600,000 380,000 $20,000

Hot Food Holding Cabinet (20 ft3, 15 hours/day) 12 171,000 111,000 $6,183

Vending Machine (600 can, with software) 14 38,000 25,000 $1,795

Refrigerator (44 ft3) 12 22,056 14,369 $688 Ice Machine 8 20,000 13,000 $618 Water Cooler (hot/cold water) 10 5,500 3,600 $265 Clothes Washer (18 loads per week) 10 730 474 -

Assumptions: 1 unit each, electricity rate $0.09/kWh, water rate $4.158/1000 gal, gas rate $1.1/thermData based on ENERGY STAR calculators from http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=bulk_purchasing.bus_purchasing

EPEAT

Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool

Environmental specifications for computers:23 required and 28 optional criteria across 8 categories

Meet standards for ENERGY STAR (required)Renewable energy accessory available (optional)

www.epeat.net

Printers, Copiers, Scanners & Faxes

ENERGY STAR models use ~1/2 energy of standard models

EPEAT imaging equipment standard in development

Order with duplex function and network capable (instead of individual machines)

Purchase All-in-One units when possibleA single ENERGY STAR multi-function device will reduce ~320 pounds of CO2 over 6 years

vs.

printer scanner copier fax all-in-one

Renewable Energy

Procurement Decisions

• Type: Solar, wind, biomass, hydro, etc.• On-site versus offsite generation• Small scale versus large scale

Water & Energy Linked

Source: California Energy Commission, http://www.energy.ca.gov/2005publications/CEC-700-2005-011/CEC-700-2005-011-SF.PDF

Water-related energy use consumes 19% of California’s electricity, 30% of its natural gas

“The nation’s water & energy use are inextricably entwined. Energy is needed to pump, treat, transport, heat, cool, and recycle water.”

(California Energy Commission)

Running hot water for 5 minutes = 60 watt bulb for 14 hours

Water conservation saves energy at ~60% of cost of energy conservation

Water Sense Label• Third-party tested and meet EPA’s efficiency specifications

• WaterSense certifications exist or are in development for the following product categories: – Bathroom sink faucets (certified for efficiency and adequate flow)

– Landscaping irrigation services (certifies professionals)

– New homes– Showerheads (in development)

– Toilets (certified for performance and efficiency)

– Urinals (in development)

– Weather- or sensor- based irrigation control technologies(Source: http://www.epa.gov/watersense/)

GHGs from Food Production Systems

What matters most is how food is produced

83% of GHG emissions are production relatedMethane from beef and dairy production

11% from transportation

Reducing Municipal “Foodprint” Change practices of cafeterias, concessions, vending

machines, special events, other food service operations Purchase less red meat and dairy; increase chicken, pork,

fish, eggs and veggie proteins Buy organic and/or sustainably grown food Buy local, seasonal, fresh,

unprocessed food; avoid air freighted food

Reduce bottled water and other packaged goods

Reduce food waste; compost whenever possible

Paper Calculator

www.edf.org/papercalculator/

EPA’s Recycled Content (ReCon) Tool

Calculates energy benefits and GHG emissions reductions from purchasing products with recycled content

Available both as a web-based calculator and Microsoft Excel spreadsheet

www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/calculators/ReCon_home.html

Metric for Recycled Plastic

One ton of CO2 equivalent is eliminated when purchasing:

4 hexagon-shaped recycled plastic benches (98% postconsumer waste)

15 recycled plastic park benches with backs (98% postconsumer)

100 recycled plastic, 96-gallon wheeled yard waste carts (25% postconsumer)

~25% of trees (by volume) are cut to manufacture paper products

Larger trees can better sequester/fix CO2FSC certifies/lists paper products and

building supplies that are derived from sustainably managed forestsMany products contain recycled content

See www.fscus.org/about_us/

GHGs from Janitorial Maintenance Products

Pressurized “air” dusters often contain chlorodifluoromethane, a potent GHGAlternatives include mini

keyboard vacuums and squeezable bulbs

Some aerosol products contain CO2 as a propellant

How to Pay for Energy-Efficient Products

Life-cycle budgetingRevolving loansUtility rebatesEnergy conservation

service agreementsGrantsCooperative purchasing

Operated by the California Energy Commission, offers free technical assistance to publicly-funded K-12 schools to:– Conduct energy audits– Review equipment specifications– Evaluate design plans and proposals

Bright Schools Program

www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/brightschools/index.html