algorithm: step by step procedure of solving a particular problem. pseudo code: artificial informal...
TRANSCRIPT
Algorithm: Step by step procedure of solving a particular problem.Pseudo code: Artificial informal language used to develop algorithms.Flow chart: Graphical representation of an algorithm.Algorithm to find whether a number even or odd:Step1: Begin Step1: STARTStep2: Take a number Step2: Read numStep3: if the number is divisible by2 then Step3: if(num%2=0) then
print that number is even print num is even otherwise print that number is odd otherwise
print num is oddStep4: End Step4: STOP(Algorithm in natural language) (Algorithm by using pseudo code)
#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>main(){ int num; printf(“Enter any number”); scanf(“%d”,&num); if(num%2==0) printf(“%d is even”,num); else printf(%d is odd”,num); }(Program in C language)
start
read num
print num is even
stop
If numIf num%2=0%2=0
print num is odd
Flow chart:Flow chart:
YesYes NoNo
Flow chart symbolsFlow chart symbolsOval Terminal
Parallegram Input/output
Rectangle Process
Document Hard copy
Diamond Decision
Circle Connector
Double sided Rectangle Sub program
Hexagon Iteration
Trapezoid Manual Operation
Cylinder Magnetic Disk Storage
Test Test ExpressionExpression
??
EntryEntry
FalseFalse
Next statementNext statement
True Statement-blockTrue Statement-block
TrueTrue
simple if:simple if:
Test Test ExpressionExpression
??
EntryEntry
True-blockTrue-blockStatementsStatements
FalseFalse
False-blockFalse-blockStatementsStatements
TrueTrue
Next statementNext statement
if-else:if-else:
/* check a citizen is eligible for voting *//* check a citizen is eligible for voting */#include<stdio.h>#include<stdio.h>int main()int main(){{ int age;int age; printf(“Enter the age : ”);printf(“Enter the age : ”); scanf(“%d”,&age);scanf(“%d”,&age); if(age >= 18)if(age >= 18) printf(“Eligible for voting…”);printf(“Eligible for voting…”); getch();getch();}}
/* print a number is even or odd *//* print a number is even or odd */#include<stdio.h>#include<stdio.h>int main()int main(){{ int number;int number; printf(“Enter a number : “);printf(“Enter a number : “); scanf(“%d”, &number);scanf(“%d”, &number); if((number %2) == 0)if((number %2) == 0) printf(“%d is even number.”,number);printf(“%d is even number.”,number); elseelse printf(“%d is odd number.”,number);printf(“%d is odd number.”,number);}}
Test Test condition1condition1
??
EntryEntry
Statement-3Statement-3
TrueTrue
Test Test condition2condition2
??
FalseFalse
Statement-2Statement-2 Statement-1Statement-1
TrueTrue
FalseFalse
Next statementNext statement
nested if…else:nested if…else: /* check whether a year is leap year or not *//* check whether a year is leap year or not */#include<stdio.h>#include<stdio.h>int main() {int main() { int year;int year; printf("Enter the year ?");printf("Enter the year ?"); scanf("%d",&year);scanf("%d",&year); if((year %100) == 0)if((year %100) == 0) {{ if((year % 400) == 0)if((year % 400) == 0) printf("%d is leap year.",year);printf("%d is leap year.",year); elseelse printf("%d is not leap year.",year);printf("%d is not leap year.",year); } else {} else { if((year % 4) == 0)if((year % 4) == 0) printf("%d is leap year.",year);printf("%d is leap year.",year); elseelse printf("%d is not leap year.",year);printf("%d is not leap year.",year); }} getch();getch();}}
if…else…if :if…else…if :
EntryEntry
Test Test condition1condition1
??
TrueTrueStatement-1Statement-1
TrueTrueStatement-2Statement-2
Test Test condition2condition2
??
FalseFalse
TrueTrueTest Test conditionNconditionN
??
FalseFalse
Statement-NStatement-N
Next statementNext statement
/* program to print the grade of student *//* program to print the grade of student */#include<stdio.h>#include<stdio.h>int main() {int main() { int marks;int marks; printf("Enter marks ? ");printf("Enter marks ? "); scanf("%d", &marks);scanf("%d", &marks); if(marks >= 75)if(marks >= 75) printf("Distinction");printf("Distinction"); else if(marks >= 60)else if(marks >= 60) printf("First class");printf("First class"); else if(marks >= 50)else if(marks >= 50) printf("Second class");printf("Second class"); else if(marks >= 35)else if(marks >= 35) printf("Third class");printf("Third class"); elseelse printf("Failed");printf("Failed");}}
switch statement :switch statement :
EntryEntry
switch switch expressionexpression
??
Next statementNext statement
/* program to simulate a simple calculator *//* program to simulate a simple calculator */#include<stdio.h>#include<stdio.h>int main() {int main() { float a,b;float a,b; char opr;char opr; printf("Enter number1 operator number2 : ");printf("Enter number1 operator number2 : "); scanf("%f %c %f",&a,&opr,&b); scanf("%f %c %f",&a,&opr,&b); switch(opr)switch(opr) {{ case '+':case '+': printf("Sum : %f",(a + b));printf("Sum : %f",(a + b)); break;break; case '-':case '-': printf("Difference : %f",(a - b));printf("Difference : %f",(a - b)); break;break; case '*':case '*': printf("Product : %f",(a * b));printf("Product : %f",(a * b)); break;break; case '/':case '/': printf("Quotient : %f",(a / b));printf("Quotient : %f",(a / b)); break;break; default:default: printf("Invalid Operation!");printf("Invalid Operation!"); }}}}
associateassociatestatementstatement
associateassociatestatementstatement
associateassociatestatementstatement
associateassociatestatementstatement
value1value1 value2value2 valueNvalueN defaultdefault
ExitExit
…………......
TestCondition
?
Body of The loop
False
truetrue
while – (Entry controlled )while – (Entry controlled )EntryEntry
Loop StatementsLoop Statements
Following Statement
TestCondition
?
Body of The loop
False
TrueTrue
EntryEntry
Following Statement
do-while – (Exit controlled )do-while – (Exit controlled )
/* sum of 1 to 10 numbers *//* sum of 1 to 10 numbers */#include<stdio.h>#include<stdio.h>int main() {int main() { int i = 1,sum = 0;int i = 1,sum = 0; while(i<=10){while(i<=10){ sum = sum + i;sum = sum + i; i = i + 1;i = i + 1; } } printf(“Total : %d “,sum);printf(“Total : %d “,sum);} }
/* average of 5 numbers *//* average of 5 numbers */#include<stdio.h>#include<stdio.h>int main() {int main() { int count = 1;int count = 1; float x, sum = 0;float x, sum = 0; do {do { printf(“x = “);printf(“x = “); scanf(“%f”,&x);scanf(“%f”,&x); sum += x;sum += x; ++ count;++ count; } while(count <= 5);} while(count <= 5); printf(“Average = %f “, (sum/5))printf(“Average = %f “, (sum/5))} }
for -- for -- StatementStatement
Initialization StatementIncrement Statement
TestCondition
?
Body of The loop
EntryEntry
TrueTrue
Following Statement
False
/* check whether a number is prime or not *//* check whether a number is prime or not */#include<stdio.h>#include<stdio.h>int main() {int main() { int n,i,factors = 0;int n,i,factors = 0; printf("Enter a number : ");printf("Enter a number : "); scanf("%d",&n);scanf("%d",&n); for(i = 1; i <= n; i++) {for(i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if((n % i)==0) ++factors;if((n % i)==0) ++factors; }} if (factors == 2)if (factors == 2) printf("%d is prime number.",n);printf("%d is prime number.",n); elseelse printf("%d is not prime number.",n);printf("%d is not prime number.",n);}}