alexander the great
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Chapter 5 Section 3 World History Mrs. Thompson Mr. Williams. Alexander the Great. Macedonia Attacks Greece. Macedonia lay north of Greece. Philip II of Macedonia united the Greek states. . Macedonians raised sheep and horses and grew crops in their river valleys. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 5 Section 3
World History
Mrs. Thompson
Mr. Williams
Philip II of Macedonia united the
Greek states.
Macedonia lay north of Greece.
They were warriors
who fought on horseback.
Macedoniansraised
sheep and horses and grew
crops in their river valleys.
Philip II rose to the throne of Macedonia
in 359 B.C.
He wanted to make
his kingdom strong enough to defeat
the Persian Empire.
He took some city-statesby force
and bribed the leaders of others
to surrender.
He needed to unite
the Greek city-states with his
own kingdom.
He admired everything about
the Greeks.
Demosthenes
was a lawyer and one of Athens’s
great public speakers.
He warned the Athenians of the threat of Philip II.
He urged Athens and other
city-states to fight the
Macedonians together.
The Peloponnesian War had weakened and
divided Greece.
Fighting had destroyed farms
and killed many people.
Many young Greeks had left to join the Persian army as well,
and Athens could not stop Philip II.
In 338 B.C., the Macedonians crushed the Greek allies at the
Battle of Chaeronea near Thebes.
Philip then controlled all of Greece.
Alexander builds an Empire.
Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire
and spread Greek culture throughout southwest Asia.
Alexander was 20 when he became king of Macedonia
after his father was murdered.He was trained about war as a boy, and commanded the army at age 16.
Alexander’s
Conquests
In 334 B.C., he invaded Asia Minor with 37,000 foot soldiers and 5,000
mounted warriors.
In 331 B.C., Alexander went east and defeated the Persians at Gaugamela near Babylon.
At the Battle of Granicus, Alexander destroyed the Persians.
He freed the Greeks in Asia Minor and defeated another army at Issus.
By the winter of 332 B.C., he had captured Syria and Egypt and built the city of Alexandria as the center of business and trade on the coast of northern Egypt.
Result: Alexander’s army
overran the rest of the
Persian Empire.
Alexander the Great’s Empire
Some ancient remains at Alexandria.
Library at Alexandria
When his soldiers refused to go any
further, he agreed to let them go home.
On the return march, the troops entered what is modern-day Iran.
Heat and thirst killed many soldiers.
In 326 B.C., he crossed the Indus River and entered India and fought numerous bloody
battles.
According to a Greek historian, when the soldiers found a little water and scooped it up, Alexander, “in full view of his troops,
poured the water on the ground. So extraordinary was the effect of this action that the water wasted by Alexander was as
good as a drink for every man in the army.”
In 323 B.C., he returned to Babylon to plan an invasion of Arabia, but he died ten days later
with a bad fever. He was 32.
He was a great military leader.
He inspired his armies to march into unknown
lands and risk their lives in difficult
situations.
A legacy is what a person leaves
behind when he or she dies.
The key to his success may have been his childhood education.
He kept a copy of the Iliad under his pillow.Aristotle was his tutor.
In turn, Greeks brought new
ideas back from Asia and Africa.
Alexander extended Greek and Macedonian rule and culture over a vast area.
Alexander’s Conquests
The word Hellenistic
comes from a Greek word
meaning “like the Greeks.”
Alexander’s conquests marked the beginning of
the Hellenistic Era.
It refers to a time when the
Greek language and Greek ideas
spread to the non-Greek people of
southwest Asia.
Alexander the Great planned to unite the
Macedonians, Greeks, and Persians in his new empire.
He used Persian officials and encouraged
his soldiers to marry Asian women .
After Alexander’s death,
his generals fought each other for power.
The empire divided, and four
kingdoms took its place.
Macedonia
Egypt
Pergamum
Seleucid Empire
The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire
GUESS WHAT?!
?
All government business was conducted in Greek language.
Any Egyptian or Asian applying for government job
had to speak Greek.
This way the Greeks remained
in control.
Building Greek Cities in the East
Pergamum:
A New “Hellenisti
c”City
Trade in the Hellenistic World
By 100 B.C., the largest city in
the Mediterranean world was Alexandria.
The new Greek cities needed
architects, engineers, philosophers, artisans,
and artists.
Hellenistic rulers encouraged Greeks and Macedonians
to settle in southwest Asia.
These new colonists:
were new recruits
for the army
helped spread Greek culture into Egypt
and as far east as modern-day
Afghanistan and India.
became new workers in these areas
were a pool of government
officials