•let’s begin quickly today · •athens is the most powerful polis •delian league, alliance...
TRANSCRIPT
Have a seat
• Let’s begin quickly today
Ancient Greece
The Aegean
• Milder climates than Egypt or Mesopotamia• Mountainous• Islands• Independent City-States (Polis)
Minoans
• c. 2600 BCE – 1400 BCE
Linear A –Minoan Writing
• Linear B
Frescoes• Egyptian = Fresco Secco (dry fresco)
• Minoan = True (wet) Fresco
Knossos
Bull Jumping
Toreador Fresco
• Thera Eruption
• 1600 BCE
Mycenaean
Civilization
• Mainland City-States
Heinrich Schliemann
Bronze Age Regional Collapse
c. 1200-1100 BCE
Mycenae
• Excavations began in 1870s
• Estimated Population of
30,000
• Decline
• Attacks from the north
• Climate Change
• Disruption of trade
• Inhabitants likely moved
from the Greek mainland to
Anatolia (Turkey)
Death Masks
Agamemnon?
“Mask of Agamemnon”
• Funerary mask from Grave
Circle A
• Mycenae, Greece
• c. 1500 BCE
Cyclopean Masonry
Corbeling
Corbel Arch
• Mycenae, Greece
• C. 1250 BCE
True Arch
• Ruins of Arch of
Septimius Severus,
Turkey
• Early 200s CE
Greek Dark Ages
• Characteristics of a “Dark Age”?
• Internal and external isolation
• Phoenician influence and reopening
of trade?
The Phoenicians
• Best known for…?
The Phoenicians
• Best known for…?
• Why trade?
The Phoenicians
• Best known for…?
• Why trade?
• Developed a new alphabet
Greek Archaic Period
• New ideas from the east
• New artistic styles
• Writing system
• Population increase
• Urban centers
• Increased specialization of labor
The Progression of
Sculpture
The Greek Polis
• City-state
• Characteristics?
The Greek Polis
• City-state
• Characteristics?
• Probable Impact?
The Geography of Greece
• Trading and Geography forced the Greeks to establish colonies.
The Geography of Greece
What was the probable impact of this?
What ties these Greeks
(Hellenes) Together?
• Common Characteristics?
Political and Economic
Developments
• Governments common
to ancient Greece
• Oligarchy
• Tyranny
• Democracy
• Monarchy
What are these?
Political and Economic
Developments
• Money System
Develops
• Emerging Middle
Class
Impact on trade?
Persia vs Greece
Persia vs Greece
Results of the War
• Athens is the most powerful Polis
• Delian League, alliance of Greek
city-states is established, lead by
Athens
• Relations between Sparta and
Athens are strained
The Greek City-States
• The Golden Age of Athenian Culture
• Athens replaced war-damaged buildings
with Delian money and created elegant
structures
• Anavysos Kouros.
• Archaic Greek.
• c. 530 BCE
• Marble
• Warrior from Riace
• Early Classical
• c. 460-450 BCE
• Bronze
• New York Kouros
• Archaic Greek
• C. 590 BCE
• Marble
Golden Age of Athens
• Pericles, Athenian Leader
during this period
• Reforms of Pericles [c. 495-429
B.C.E.]
• Government officials are paid for
their service
• Athens begins numerous building
projects
The Greek City State
• Common Features
• Acropolis
• Agora
Ruins of the Parthenon
c. 450 BCE
A Reconstruction in
Nashville
• The Parthenon (c. 450 BCE)
• Panathenaic frieze
Pantheon Frieze: • Procession to honor
Athena• 520 feet • First depiction of humans
in a Greek temple• Cultural Change?• Greek views of
themselves?
• The Parthenon (c. 450 BCE)
• Panathenaic frieze
Pantheon Frieze: • Procession to honor
Athena• 520 feet • First depiction of humans
in a Greek temple• Cultural Change?• Greek views of
themselves?
• The Parthenon (c. 450 BCE)
• Panathenaic frieze
• Pediments
West Pediment Reconstruction
• The Parthenon (c. 450 BCE)
• Panathenaic frieze
• Pediments
”East Pediment Reconstruction
• The Parthenon (c. 450 BCE)
• Panathenaic frieze
• Pediments
Acropolis of Corinth
Rhodes
Lindos
Sparta
Reading Assignment
• Read pgs 86-98 (Stop @ Han China)
• Quiz on 1/25
• Be ready to work on religions assignment
tomorrow
The Peloponnesian War
• 431 B.C. Athens and
Sparta go to war
• Population around
Athens retreats within
the city walls, a plague
breaks out
• War continues until
404 B.C. when Athens
is defeated
Results of the War
• Athens and Sparta are weakened
• Power struggles within Greece
The Hellenistic Age
Philip of Macedonia (r.
359-336)• Gains control of
Greece – wants the
Persian Empire
Philip of Macedonia
• Gains control of
Greece – wants the
Persian Empire
• Assassinated, son
Alexander takes
control (20 years old)
Alexander
• 334 B.C. Invades Persia
(Emperor Darius III)
Alexander
• 334 B.C. Invades Persia
(Emperor Darius III)
• Defeats Persians in a
series of battles, Darius
assassinated
Alexander
• 334 B.C. Invades Persia
(Emperor Darius III)
• Defeats Persians in a
series of battles, Darius
assassinated
• Invades India (326
B.C.) – Army begins to
fall apart
Alexander’s Methods
of Rule
• Benevolent Despotism
• Adopted local customs/dress
• Allowed worship of religions
• Established Greek colonies
Alexander
• Returns to Babylon
(Persia) where he
suddenly dies
• Leaves his empire to
“the strongest” general
Legacy
• Spread Greek language, culture, and people across
Asia Minor
• Built roads and cities such as Alexandria, Egypt
• Hellenistic Civilization – blend of Greek, Egyptian,
and Asian cultures
Tonight
• Read pgs 145-156
• Quiz Friday!!!!!
• Capitoline Wolf
• Capitoline Wolf
• c. 500-480 BCE
• Capitoline Wolf
• c. 500-480 BCE
• Bronze
These two were
added in the 1400s
The Etruscans
Trade and Geography forced the
Greeks to establish colonies.
Cultural Impact?
Early People of Italy
– The Etruscans-
• Independent city-states
• Cities organized in a grid
pattern
• What does this tell you
about the civilization’s
values?
Early People of Italy
– The Etruscans-
• Established independent city-states
• Farmers
• Strong Military
• Heavily influenced by the Greeks
• Significant influence on Roman culture• The Kingdom of Rome
was taken over by the Etruscans – corruption led to their overthrow
What we lack…
• An understanding of their text
• Allegedly the last person to
understand Etruscan was the
Roman Emperor Claudius
What we lack…
• And we lack primary
documents written by others
Role of Family
• Importance of familial
lines
• Family burials
• Sarcophagus of the Spouses.
• Etruscan. c. 520 B.C.E.
• Terra cotta.
Role of Women Compared
To Greece?
Role of Women
• More substantial public
role than in Greece
• Greater emphasis on the
family
The Arts
• Looks like Greek…but it is
Etruscan!
They Liked Greek Myths,
Too• “Hercules Slaying the
Hydra”
Avoid
Avoid
Avoid