Aldehydes

SCH 4UIMr.Snyder

Culminating Project

Sherry WongAly Kadar

Kasey Bourgon

Define: AldehydesAn organic compound

characterized by a terminal carbonyl functional group

Functional groupTerminal Carbonyl group (C=O)

+One H atom bonded to C

+R (Either another H atom or an alkyl group [carbon chain])

∴ Carbonyl group always occurs at the end of a carbon chain

General Structure

The H atom is attached to the C in the carbonyl group

IUPAC: Methanal Common name: Formaldehyde

Functional Group: Another H atom

Functional Group: Alkyl Group

• Attached to the C in the carbonyl groupo Examples

1. Cyclohexanal 2. IUPAC: Ethanal (Common Name: Acetaldehyde)

Functional groupCarbonyl group (C=O)

+One H atom bonded to C

+R (Either another H atom or an alkyl group [carbon chain])

∴ Carbonyl group always occurs at the end of a carbon chain

General Structure

General StructureDifference between ALDEHYDES & KETONESCarbonyl Group Aldehydes

Ketones

Nomenclature: A Change of Suffix

Ex: Methane -> Methanal (AKA: Formaldehyde)

★ Carbonyl group always at the end of the carbon chain

★ Replace the -ane at the end of the name with an -al ○ aldehyde

Boiling Point: Lower than analogous alcohols

(ex. Ethanol - 78°C / Ethanal - 21°C)

H-Bonds: N/A (because there is no OH [hydroxide] groups)

Polarity: Strong polar group (due to double C=O bond) (electronegativity)

Solubility: High

Physical & Chemical Properties

Everyday Life UsesSmaller → Strong, unpleasant odours

HYDROGEN ATOMFormaldehyde (aka. IUPAC name = Methanal)

• Simplest aldehyde• Colourless gas @ room temperature• In (aq) solution = antiseptic and disinfectant• Used as a preservative

ONE CARBONAcetaldehyde (aka. IUPAC name = Ethanal)

• Colourless liquid• Synthesis of resins, dyes, and preservatives

Trimer = 3 molecules joined together into a single large molecule

Formaldehyde Fumigate rooms against

pests

AcetaldehydeHypnotic drug

Larger → Flowery, pleasant odours• Ex. Cinnamaldehyde• Found in essential oils of plants

(ex. Frankincense egyptian and Rosalina Austrialian essential oils)

• Used for fragrance in perfumes and aromatherapy products o Aldehydes are refered to as aliphatic or "fatty" aldehydeso Fatty aldehydes have a chain of 8-13 carbon atoms

(ex. Chanel No.5 Perfume)

Everyday Life Uses

ReactionsKasey

Reaction WorksheetKasey

BibliographyKessel, H. v., Jenkins, F., Davies, L., Plumb, D., Giuseppe, M. D., &

Lantz, O. (2003). Nelson Chemistry 12 . Toronto: Kevin Martindale.

Aldehydes. (n.d.). perfume ingredient, fragrance and essential oils. Retrieved November 25, 2013, from http://www.fragrantica.com/notes/Aldehydes-165.html