aldeadavila dam: in wikimedia

8/6/2019 Aldeadavila Dam: in Wikimedia

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Aldeadavila Dam (Wikimedia)

Aldeadvila Dam is aconcretearch-gravity damon theDouroRiver (also known as

the Duero River) on the border between Spain and Portugal.[6]The Douro River forms

the international boundary between Portugal and Spain. The nearest Spanish town is

Aldeadvila de la Riberain theProvince of Salamanca, about 11.3 kilometres (7.0 mi) to

the east. The nearest Portuguese town isFornosinBragana District, about

8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the southwest. The Portuguese side of the river around the dam

site lies within theInternational Douro Natural Park.

Contents

1 About the dam1.1 Power plant

2 In popular culture 3 References 4 External links

About the dam

In 1864, Portugal and Spain signed the "Treaty of Limits" (ratified in 1866), which

established the present international boundaries of the two nations.[7][8]A treaty on

transboundary rivers clarifying issues regarding the use of such rivers was signed and

affirmed in 1912.[7]A treaty regulating the development of hydroelectric facilities on the

Douro River was signed in 1927.[7]The Aldeadvila Dam was built by Spain pursuant to

these treaties, and was the final dam to be built by Spain on the section of river alloted

to that country.[3]

The dam is 140 metres (460 ft) high[2]and its cost was estimated in 1962 atUS$60,000,000 (about $443.5 million in 2010 inflated-adjusted dollars).[1]It was one

of a series of very high dams built in Europe in the two decades after World War II

which incorporated a downstream face inclined toward the upstream flow.[2]This

simplified the dam's design and construction (although it required more concrete to

build), and more readily incorporated thespillwaysinto the dam face.[2]Indeed, the

dam's face is nearly vertical.[9]Design work on the dam began in 1956, and construction

completed in 1963.[10]The structure was built by the Iberduero Ingeniera construction

firm. Pedro Martnez Artola was the design engineer.[10]The dam was built on high-

qualitygraniterock.[11]During construction,groutingwas used to fill cracks in the rock
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which ran parallel to the dam's foundation, and on the Portuguese bank where two

fractures in the rock occurred.[11][12]The underground power station and tunnels were

excavated using a mining procedure known as large-chamberstoping, and the dam's

use of this technique is considered a textbook example.[13]The turbine and generator

hall and the transformer hall were both cut from solid granite as well. The turbine and

generator room is 140 metres (460 ft) long, 18 metres (59 ft) wide, and 40 metres (130

ft) deep.[3]The total volume of excavated material for all halls, rooms, and abutments

was 600,175 cubic metres (785,000 cu yd).[3]

The structure has eight overflowgateswhich channel water into four spillways.[3]The

spillways incorporate side piers on the upstream face to more correctly channel water

over the dam so that each spillway discharges the same amount of water.[14]The

spillways release their water slightly above the actual bed of the river,[3]

creating awaterfall effect when they are fully open. A spillway tunnel carved from granite in the

right bank of the river augments the spillways and provides for additional overflow.[3]

The total spillway capacity is half that ofGrand Coulee Dam.[3]TheExport-Import

Bank of the United Statesprovided $8.9 million (about $67.2 million in 2010 inflation-

adjusted dollars) in credits in 1958 to Iberduero enable it to purchase six 120Megawatt

(MW) turbines and other electrical equipment for the power generating station, all of

which was supplied by American firms.[15]

The dam won Spain an international reputation as a builder of very large dams.[16]The

dam's eye-catching, "ski jump" style spillways are its most noted feature, and have been

called "outstanding" by leading dam engineers.[17]

The canyon through which the Douro River flows is exceptionally deep and narrow,

leaving behind a reservoir that has a relatively small surface area for its immense size.

In some ways, this limits use of the reservoir for recreational activities. However, the

Aldeadvila Dam reservoir is a popular one forboating.[18]
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Power Plant

The Aldeadvila Dam has a 422 MWpumped-storagecapability.[19]The dam'spower

plantcontains 2 x 211 MW pumped-storage generators than can generate power in the

normal way by allowing water to flow through its turbines.[20]However, during periods

when the demand for electricity is low (such as evenings, weekends, or during seasonal

fluctuations), the dam can use its excess power generating capacity to pump water back

into the reservoirenhancing reservoir capacity and storing water for periods when the

demand for electricity is high. At the time it was constructed, the Aldeadvila Dam had

the largest pumping station in Europe.[21]

The Aldeadvila Dam has two diversion tunnels, each 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) in

length.[3][22]Each tunnel has a 53-metre (174 ft) high surge tank.[3]The dam also

contains more than 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) of tunnels which divert water to the electrical

generation turbines.[23]There are sixpenstocktunnels, each about 5 metres (16 ft) in

diameter.[3]The design of the penstocks and auxiliary spillways using these tunnels has

proved to be an issue, however.Cavitationproblems have damaged these tunnels in the

past.[24]Until theAlcantara Damwas built in 1969, the Aldeadvila Dam was the largest

hydroelectric powerplant in Europe.[3][25]As of 2010, it remains the largest in Spain.[26]

The dam's hydroelectric power station originally housed six 170,000horsepower

Francis turbineswhich generated 718 MW, about half that ofHoover Dam.[3]In 1987,

the Aldeadvila II power station extension was completed, boosting generating capacity

by 400 MW.[27]

In popular culture

A 30-minute documentary about the dam,La presa de Aldeadvila, was produced by

Iberduero (the power company that built the dam) in 1963.[28]Several scenes in the

1965David LeanfilmDoctor Zhivagowere filmed at the Aldeadvila Dam.[29]The

dam's famous spillways were opened for the filming, and are shown in the motion

picture open at full force. Another scene depicts workers walking into one of the dam's

enormous tunnels. The final scenes ofAntonio Mercero's 1972 film,La cabina(The

Telephone Box) were also filmed inside the dam.
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4/6

4

References

1. 1.01.1"Spain Harnesses Swift Frontier River."Christian Science Monitor.March 30, 1962.

2. 2.02.12.22.3Landau, Yu A. and Mgalobelov, Yu B.Non-Conventional ConcreteDams on Rock Foundations. Rotterdam: Taylor & Francis, 1997, p. 173.

3. 3.003.013.023.033.043.053.063.073.083.093.103.113.12Dominy, Floyd E. "Spain IncreasesDam Building." The Reclamation Era. 51:1 (February 1965), p. 1.

4. "Appendix 4. Manual Operation Combined With Automatic Gate System.Aldeadavila on the Duero River, Spain." in "Operation of Hydraulic Structures

of Dams."Bulletin of the International Commission on Large Dams. Issue 49

(1984), p. 93.

5. "Reservoir: ALDEADAVILA". Embalses.net.http://www.embalses.net/pantano-70-

aldeadavila.html&prev=/search%3Fq%3DPresa%2BAldead%25C3%25A1vila%

26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG%26rlz%3D1B3GGIC_en___US343%26prmd%3Div&

rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhVYWYfenZiLfmxy3NriY1ilm6

yjA. Retrieved 25 July 2010.

6. Hydraulic Model Studies of Amaluza Dam Spillway. GR-25-76. HydraulicsBranch. Division of General Research. Engineering and Research Center.

Bureau of Reclamation. United States Department of the Interior. December1976, p. 9.

7. 7.07.17.2Dominguez, Damian; Manser, Reto; and Ort, Christoph.No Problemson Ro Duero (Spain) - Rio Douro (Portugal)?Swiss Federal Institute of

Technology Zurich. 2004, p. 9-10.Accessed 2010-07-24; Martnez, Jos Mara

Santaf. "The Spanish-Portuguese Transboundary Waters Agreements: Historic

Perspective." Water International. 28:3 (September 2003).

8. Fitzmaurice, Malgosia.Exploitation of Natural Resources in the 21st Century.The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2003, p. 196.

9. Serebryanskii, V.M. "Engineering Bases of the Architecture of HydraulicDevelopments With Arch Dams."Hydrotechnical Construction. 7:7 (July 1973),

p. 660.

10.10.010.1Rubi, Ignasi Sol-Morales; Capitel, Antn; and Rispa, Ral.Birkhuser Architectural Guide: Spain, 1920-1999. Basel: Birkhuser, 1998, p.

126.

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27."Speedy Construction Puts Aldeadavila On Course." World Water.January/February 1987, p. 47.

28.La presa de Aldeadvila. IMDB.com. No date.Accessed 2010-07-24.
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29.Krafsur, Richard P. The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion PicturesProduced in the United States: Feature Films, 1961-1970. Berkeley, California:

University of California Press, 1976, p. 275.
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