Alcorn, MS Public SchoolsSummer 2009

Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

Great Britain claimed Georgia in 1663.

In 1717 Sir Robert Montgomery two other investors wanted to create the “Margravate of Azilia”

Not enough financial backing

Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

Born in London 1696 Well Educated Wealthy 1722 became member of

Parliament Committee to study

prison reform Friend, Robert Castell

died in prison because he couldn’t pay his debts

Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

The “Ann” sailed from England with 114 people on a voyage that took 88 days.

The “Ann” also carried sheep, hogs, ducks, geese, and several dogs.

Two deaths were reported on the voyage, both infants.

Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

http://www.cummingmapsociety.org/18thC_Maps.htm

Peter Gordon, 1734

James Edward Oglethorpe laid out a 2.2 square mile tract in 1733 as the site of Savannah. Once this was done, he began laying out the city using a system of wards. From 1733 to 1856, a total of 24 wards were laid out.

Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

Tything

(10 Lots)

Tything

(10 Lots)

Tything

(10 Lots)

Tything

(10 Lots)

Trust Lots (2) Trust Lots (2)

Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

Francis Moore described the regional dimensions of the city in the following 18th Century account:

“Every freeholder has a Lott in Town 60 foot by 90 foot, besides which he has a Lott beyond the Common, of 5 Acres for a Garden…Each freeholder…has a Lott of farm of 45 acres… and two out of every twelve…are reserved by the Trustees in order to defray the Charge of the Publick…Where the town-Lands and gardens and farms end, the Villages begin…Beyond the Villages, commence Lotts of 500 Acres; These are granted upon Terms of keeping 10 servants…There is near Town, to the East, a Garden belonging to the Trustees, consisting of 10 Acres.”

Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

Savannah Wards and StreetsDr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

Whitefield

Troup

Columbia

Warren

Crawford

Greene

Wash-ington

Reynolds

Oglethorpe

Lafayette

CalhounMonterey

Madison

Wright

Johnson

Chatham

Pulaski

Orleans

Telfair

Ellis

Elbert

Liberty

Franklin

ChippewaColonial Park

Cemetery

Montgomery

Street

Barnard

Street

Bull

Street

Abercorn

Street

Habersham

Street

Houston

Street

Liberty 1799

Elbert 1801

Heathcote 1733

Jackson 1815

Pulaski 1837

Chatham 1840

Percival 1733

Brown 1815

Jasper 1837

Monterey 1847

Anson 1742

Lafayette 1837

Calhoun 1851

Columbia 1799

Troup 1851

Wesley 1851

Greene 1791

1752

Montgomery Street

Franklin Ward, Franklin Square (Benjamin Franklin):

A lost square, Franklin was later reclaimed.

Liberty Ward, Liberty Square (freedom, Liberty Boys):

Liberty is a lost square.

Elbert Ward, Elbert Square (Samuel Elbert, patriot & governor of Georgia):

Elbert is a lost square.

Barnard Street

Decker Ward, Ellis Square (1733- Sir Matthew Decker, trustee, and Henry Ellis, GA’s 2nd royal governor): Once the site of City Market, Ellis Square has been a parking garage since 1954.

Heathcote Ward, Telfair Square (1733- George Heathcote, trustee, and the Telfair family): Telfair Square was originally St. James’s Square. It is one of two squares whose names were changed.

Jackson Ward, Orleans Square (1815- Andrew Jackson, Battle of New Orleans):

This square has a fountain and decorative stone benches.

Pulaski Ward, Pulaski Square (1837- Gen. Casimir Pulaski).

Chatham Ward, Chatham Square (1840s- William Pitt, Earl of Chatham).

Bull Street

Derby Ward, Johnson Square (1733- James Derby, trustee, and Robert Johnson, SC’s royal governor):

The Nathaniel Greene Monument is located in this square.

Percival Ward, Wright Square (1733- first president of the trustees, and James Wright, GA’s 3rd royal governor): Originally Egmont Square, Wright square holds the William Washington Gordon Monument and Tomochichi’s Rock.

Brown Ward, Chippewa Square (1815- Gen. Jacob Jennings Brown, Battle of Chippewa): The Oglethorpe Monument, created by Daniel Chester French and Henry Bacon, is located in Chippewa Square.

Jasper Ward, Madison Square (1837- Sgt. William Jasper, President James Madison): A monument honoring Sgt. William Jasper is located in Madison Square. Cannon marking the colonial road to Darien are also located here.

Monterey Ward, Monterey Square (1847- Mexican War battle): Monterey Square holds the Pulaski Monument. Pulaski, like Jasper, fell during the Siege of Savannah.

Abercorn Street

Reynolds Ward, Reynolds Square (1734- John Reynolds, 1st royal governor of GA): Reynolds Square is the site of the Wesley Monument which honors the founder of Methodism.

Anson Ward, Oglethorpe Square (1742- Admiral George Anson, General James Edward Oglethorpe).

An interruption to the city plan occurs on Abercorn Street.

Lafayette Ward, Lafayette Square (1837- Revolutionary War hero):

A sundial and fountain are found in Lafayette Square.

Calhoun Ward, Calhoun Square (1851- John C. Calhoun, senator and Secretary of War under President Madison).

Massie School

Habersham Street

An interruption to the city plan occurs on Habersham Street.

Warren Ward, Warren Square (1790- Gen. Joseph Warren, killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill).

Columbia Ward, Columbia Square (1799- figurative name for America). Columbia Square holds a fountain relocated from Wormsloe Plantation.

Troup Ward, Troup Square (1851- George Michael Troup, GA governor & US senator): Troup Square features an armillary sphere. This is one of only two squares named for living persons.

Wesley Ward, Whitefield Square (1851- John Wesley, Founder of Methodism and George Whitefield, founder of Bethesda): This square is the location of a gazebo.

Colonial ParkCemetery

Abercorn Street Habersham Street

Colonial Park Cemetery

occupies the space which

should have been the third squares on Abercorn and

Habersham Streets.

Houston Street

Washington Ward, Washington Square (1791- President George Washington).

Greene Ward, Greene Square (1791- Gen. Nathanael Greene).

Crawford Ward, Crawford Square (1841- William Harris Crawford, US senator, minister to France, Secretary of the Treasury, and presidential candidate). Sometimes called “the playground Square,” Crawford Square contains playground equipment and basketball courts.

Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

Nathanael Greene Monument – Johnson Square (1825)Nathanael Greene Monument – Johnson Square (1825)

Greene was the only soldier other than Washington to hold the rank of general throughout the American Revolution. He was given Mulberry Grove Plantation as a reward for his services to the United States during the revolution. He died of a heat stroke in 1786. Greene was originally buried in Colonial Park.

The monument originally honored both Greene and General Casimir Pulaski. Johnson Square was once known as “Monument Square.”

Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

William Washington Gordon Monument – Wright Square (1889)

William Washington Gordon, the grandfather of Girl Scouts of America founder Juliette Gordon Low, was instrumental in the creation of the Central of Georgia Railroad. The erection of this monument necessitated the removal of another important memorial: the burial mound of Tomochichi’s burial mound.

This boulder was later placed in the square in honor of Tomochichi.

Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs

Oglethorpe Monument – Chippewa Square (1910)

Sculptor Daniel Chester French created this statue of Georgia founder James Edward Oglethorpe. Henry O. Bacon contributed the stone work; the two men later collaborated on the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC.

This monument required the removal of a fountain and busts of Confederate heroes Francis Bartow and Lafayette McLaws. The busts were relocated at the Confederate Monument in Forsyth Park.

The Oglethorpe Monument tells the story of the founding of Georgia.

Pulaski Monument – Monterey Square (1825)

The cornerstone for this monument was laid in 1825; however, it was not completed until 1852. Like Sgt. Jasper, Pulaski was killed in the Siege of Savannah during the American Revolution. This monument also tells a story.

Sgt. William Jasper Monument – Madison Square (1888)

This monument, like the Oglethorpe Monument, tells a story. Revolutionary War hero Sgt. William Jasper was killed during the Siege of Savannah while trying to rescue his company’s colors.

A pair of cannon are also found in Madison Square; they mark the beginning of the colonial road to Darien.

Dr. Teresa Ann Jacobs