alcatel-lucent b12 bss overview

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Title page

Alcatel-LucentBase Station Subsystem | B12

Overview

9YZ-03803-1802-TQZZAIssue 4 | October 2012


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Legal notice

Legal notice

Alcatel, Lucent, Alcatel-Lucent and the Alcatel-Lucent logo are trademarks of Alcatel-Lucent. All other trademarks are the property of their respective

owners.

The information presented is subject to change without notice. Alcatel-Lucent assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies contained herein.

Copyright © 2012Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

Note:

Not to be used or disclosed except in accordance with applicable agreements.


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Contents

About this document

Purpose ........................................................................................................................................................................................ xxiiixxiii

Reason for reissue ................................................................................................................................................................... xxivxxiv

New in this release .................................................................................................................................................................. xxivxxiv

Intended audience .................................................................................................................................................................... xxivxxiv

Supported systems .................................................................................................................................................................... xxvxxv

How to use this document ......................................................................................................................................................

xxvxxv

Prerequisites ................................................................................................................................................................................ xxvxxv

Conventions used ...................................................................................................................................................................... xxvxxv

Related information ................................................................................................................................................................ xxvixxvi

Document support ................................................................................................................................................................... xxvixxvi

Technical support ..................................................................................................................................................................... xxvixxvi

How to order .............................................................................................................................................................................. xxvixxvi

How to comment ...................................................................................................................................................................... xxvixxvi

1 Introduction to GSM

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1-11-1

GSM Background ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1-11-1

GSM Architecture ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1-31-3

GSM Functions .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1-81-8

2 Alcatel-Lucent BSS

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-12-1

BSS Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2-12-1

Alcatel-Lucent BSS Components ....................................................................................................................................... 2-62-6

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External Components ............................................................................................................................................................ 2-162-16

Alcatel-Lucent BSS Functions .......................................................................................................................................... 2-252-25

Extended GSM in the Alcatel-Lucent BSS ................................................................................................................... 2-272-27

Telecommunications Layers in the Alcatel-Lucent BSS..........................................................................................

2-302-30

Network Management and the Alcatel-Lucent BSS .................................................................................................. 2-482-48

Network Interworking .......................................................................................................................................................... 2-502-50

3 GPRS in Alcatel-Lucent BSS

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3-13-1

Overview of GPRS in Alcatel-Lucent BSS

Packet Switching and GPRS Elements ............................................................................................................................. 3-43-4

Packet Switching ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3-53-5

GPRS Elements ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3-63-6

GPRS Channels and System Information Messages

Overview of GPRS Channels and System Information Messages ....................................................................... 3-103-10

Logical Channels .................................................................................................................................................................... 3-103-10

Virtual Channels ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3-113-11

System Information Messages ........................................................................................................................................... 3-113-11

GPRS Interfaces

Overview of GPRS Interfaces ........................................................................................................................................... 3-133-13

Gb Interface .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3-133-13

BSCGP Interface .................................................................................................................................................................... 3-163-16

GCH Interface ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3-163-16

Specific LCS Interfaces .......................................................................................................................................................

3-173-17

GPRS Network Functions

Overview of GPRS Network Functions ......................................................................................................................... 3-183-18

MAC and RLC Functions ................................................................................................................................................... 3-183-18

Contents

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Temporary Block Flow ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-183-18

Mobility Management .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-193-19

Enhanced Packet Cell Reselection ................................................................................................................................... 3-223-22

Paging .........................................................................................................................................................................................

3-253-25

Radio Power Control and Radio Link Measurement ................................................................................................ 3-263-26

Additional GRPS Network Functions

Resource Management ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-273-27

Timeslot Allocation ............................................................................................................................................................... 3-283-28

Autonomous Packet Resource Allocation ..................................................................................................................... 3-293-29

Packet Flow Context ............................................................................................................................................................. 3-313-31

Dynamic Abis Allocation .................................................................................................................................................... 3-333-33

Enhanced Transmission Resource Management ......................................................................................................... 3-363-36

Frequency Hopping ............................................................................................................................................................... 3-363-36

PCM Link Sharing ................................................................................................................................................................. 3-373-37

TBF Resource Re-allocation .............................................................................................................................................. 3-373-37

Dynamic Allocation ............................................................................................................................................................... 3-393-39

Extended Dynamic Allocation ...........................................................................................................................................

3-393-39

Traffic Load Management

Overview of Traffic Load Management ......................................................................................................................... 3-403-40

Smooth PDCH Traffic Adaption to Cell Load Variation ......................................................................................... 3-403-40

Congestion Control ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-413-41

M-EGCH Statistical Multiplexing ................................................................................................................................... 3-413-41

GPRS Overload Control ......................................................................................................................................................

3-423-42

Data Transmission

Overview of Data Transmission ........................................................................................................................................ 3-433-43

GPRS Attach ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3-443-44

Contents

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Packet Data Protocol Context Activation ...................................................................................................................... 3-473-47

Data Transfer ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3-513-51

Packet Data Protocol Context De-activation ................................................................................................................ 3-613-61

GPRS Suspend ........................................................................................................................................................................

3-663-66

GPRS Resume ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3-683-68

GPRS Detach ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3-713-71

Location Services

Overview of Location Services ......................................................................................................................................... 3-753-75

Logical Architecture .............................................................................................................................................................. 3-763-76

LCS Positioning Methods ................................................................................................................................................... 3-773-77

LCS Scenario in Circuit-Switched Domain .................................................................................................................. 3-793-79

Physical Implementation ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-793-79

SMLC Functions ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3-803-80

BSS and Cell Configuration ............................................................................................................................................... 3-813-81

LCS O&M ................................................................................................................................................................................. 3-813-81

High Speed Data Service

HSDS Description .................................................................................................................................................................. 3-833-83

GPRS CS3/CS4 and EGPRS Protocol ............................................................................................................................ 3-843-84

Transmission Handling ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-873-87

Cell/GP Mapping Modification ......................................................................................................................................... 3-893-89

Gb over IP

Overview Gb over IP ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-903-90

4 Voice services over Adaptive Multi-user channels on One Slot (VAMOS)

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-14-1

VAMOS

VAMOS Overview ................................................................................................................................................................... 4-24-2

Contents

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Downlink

Orthogonal SubChannels Concept ...................................................................................................................................... 4-34-3

VAMOS Adaptive Symbol Constellation ......................................................................................................................... 4-44-4

Training Sequences Used in VAMOS ...............................................................................................................................

4-54-5

VAMOS Operation in DTX .................................................................................................................................................. 4-64-6

Power Control in VAMOS ..................................................................................................................................................... 4-74-7

Associated Control Channels ............................................................................................................................................... 4-84-8

Uplink

Burst Structure and Training Sequence Codes ............................................................................................................ 4-104-10

Associated Control Channels ............................................................................................................................................. 4-104-10

Reception of VAMOS SubChannels at the BTS ......................................................................................................... 4-104-10

Mobile Station Types for VAMOS

Overview of Mobile Station Types for VAMOS ......................................................................................................... 4-114-11

VAMOS Possible Multiplexing Combinations

Overview of VAMOS Possible Multiplexing Combinations ................................................................................. 4-124-12

5 Call Set Up

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5-15-1

Call Set Up

Overview of Call Set Up ........................................................................................................................................................ 5-35-3

Call Types .................................................................................................................................................................................... 5-35-3

Call Set Up Phases ................................................................................................................................................................... 5-45-4

Mobile-Originated Call

Overview of Mobile-Originated Call ................................................................................................................................ 5-55-5

Radio and Link Establishment ............................................................................................................................................. 5-55-5

Authentication and Ciphering ............................................................................................................................................ 5-155-15

Normal Assignment ............................................................................................................................................................... 5-165-16

Contents

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Mobile-Terminated Call

Overview of Mobile-Terminated Call ............................................................................................................................. 5-245-24

Radio and Link Establishment ........................................................................................................................................... 5-255-25

Authentication and Ciphering ............................................................................................................................................

5-265-26

Normal Assignment ............................................................................................................................................................... 5-265-26

Off Air Call Set Up ................................................................................................................................................................ 5-285-28

IMSI Attach-Detach .............................................................................................................................................................. 5-285-28

Paging

Overview of Paging ............................................................................................................................................................... 5-295-29

Paging Control ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5-315-31

Discontinuous Reception ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-345-34

Congestion

Overview of Congestion ...................................................................................................................................................... 5-355-35

Queueing .................................................................................................................................................................................... 5-355-35

In-queue ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 5-365-36

Pre-emption .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5-385-38

Classmark Handling

Overview of Classmark Handling .................................................................................................................................... 5-405-40

Classmark IE ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5-415-41

Classmark Updating .............................................................................................................................................................. 5-435-43

Location Updating with Classmark Procedure ............................................................................................................ 5-445-44

Authentication

Overview of Authentication ...............................................................................................................................................

5-475-47

IMSI/TMSI ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5-475-47

Authentication Procedure .................................................................................................................................................... 5-495-49

Contents

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Ciphering

Overview of Ciphering ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-515-51

Mobile Station Ciphering Capability .............................................................................................................................. 5-525-52

BSS Ciphering Capability ...................................................................................................................................................

5-525-52

Ciphering Keys ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5-535-53

Ciphering Process ................................................................................................................................................................... 5-545-54

Ciphering in DTM Mode ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-575-57

Tandem Free Operation

Overview of Tandem Free Operation .............................................................................................................................. 5-585-58

TFO Process ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5-595-59

TFO Functional Architecture ............................................................................................................................................. 5-605-60

TFO Optimization and Management ............................................................................................................................... 5-625-62

6 Call Handling

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6-16-1

Overview of Call Handling

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6-46-4

In-Call Modification

Overview of In-Call Modification ...................................................................................................................................... 6-56-5

In-Call Modification Procedure ........................................................................................................................................... 6-66-6

Circuit-Switched Group 3 Fax Data Rate Change ........................................................................................................ 6-76-7

Error Handling ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6-86-8

Frequency Hopping

Overview of Frequency Hopping........................................................................................................................................

6-96-9

Baseband Frequency Hopping ........................................................................................................................................... 6-106-10

Synthesized Frequency Hopping ...................................................................................................................................... 6-126-12

Contents

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Speech Transmission

Overview of Speech Transmission ................................................................................................................................... 6-136-13

Continuous Transmission .................................................................................................................................................... 6-136-13

Discontinuous Transmission ..............................................................................................................................................

6-136-13

Voice Activity Detection ...................................................................................................................................................... 6-146-14

BSS Discontinuous Transmission Towards Mobile Station ................................................................................... 6-156-15

Mobile Station Discontinuous Transmission Towards BSS ................................................................................... 6-166-16

Radio Power Control

Overview of Radio Power Control .................................................................................................................................. 6-196-19

BTS Radio Power Control .................................................................................................................................................. 6-196-19

Mobile Station Radio Power Control .............................................................................................................................. 6-206-20

Radio Link Measurements .................................................................................................................................................. 6-206-20

Power Control Decision and Handover .......................................................................................................................... 6-216-21

Change Power Levels ........................................................................................................................................................... 6-236-23

Packet Downlink Power Control ...................................................................................................................................... 6-256-25

Handover

Overview of Handover ......................................................................................................................................................... 6-266-26

Principal Handover Types ................................................................................................................................................... 6-276-27

Radio Measurements ............................................................................................................................................................. 6-296-29

Handover Detection ............................................................................................................................................................... 6-316-31

Handover Detection Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 6-316-31

Handover Detection Quality and Level Handover ..................................................................................................... 6-326-32

Handover Detection Level Intercell Handover ............................................................................................................

6-346-34

Handover Detection Quality Intercell Handover ........................................................................................................ 6-346-34

Handover Detection Quality Intracell Handover ........................................................................................................ 6-346-34

Handover Detection Better Zone Handover ................................................................................................................. 6-356-35

Handover Detection Better Cell Handover ................................................................................................................... 6-366-36

Contents

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Handover Detection Distance Handover ....................................................................................................................... 6-386-38

Handover Detection Mobile Velocity Dependent Handover .................................................................................. 6-406-40

Handover Detection Multiband Handover .................................................................................................................... 6-416-41

Target Cell Evaluation ..........................................................................................................................................................

6-426-42

Synchronous and Asynchronous Handover .................................................................................................................. 6-456-45

Circuit-Switched Telecom Handovers ............................................................................................................................ 6-496-49

Overload Control

Overview of Overload Control .......................................................................................................................................... 6-516-51

BTS Overload .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6-516-51

BSC Overload .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6-526-52

Call Re-establishment by Mobile Station

Overview of Call Re-establishment by Mobile Station ............................................................................................ 6-546-54

User Prioritized Action Based on SIM (SIM Card Access Control)

Overview of User Prioritized Action Based on SIM (SIM Card Access Control) ......................................... 6-556-55

Interference Reduction

Interference Reduction Using IRC & EIRC ................................................................................................................. 6-586-58

7 Call Release

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7-17-1

Call Release

Overview of Call Release ...................................................................................................................................................... 7-37-3

Call Release Procedures in Normal Service

Overview of Call Release Procedures in Normal Service ......................................................................................... 7-57-5

Normal Release .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7-67-6

Calls Terminated Following a Channel Change .......................................................................................................... 7-157-15

Call Release - Special Cases

Overview of Call Release - Special Cases .................................................................................................................... 7-177-17

Contents

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Call Release Following Reset ............................................................................................................................................ 7-177-17

BSC-Initiated Release ........................................................................................................................................................... 7-207-20

BSC-Initiated SCCP Release ............................................................................................................................................. 7-227-22

BTS-Initiated Call Release .................................................................................................................................................

7-237-23

Mobile Station-Initiated Call Release ............................................................................................................................. 7-257-25

Remote Transcoder Alarms ................................................................................................................................................. 7-277-27

Preserve Call Feature

Overview of Preserve Call Feature .................................................................................................................................. 7-297-29

Normal Release ....................................................................................................................................................................... 7-297-29

Abnormal Release .................................................................................................................................................................. 7-307-30

8 Handling User Traffic Across the Alcatel-Lucent BSS

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8-18-1

User Traffic Across the Alcatel-Lucent BSS

Overview of Handling User Traffic Across the Alcatel-Lucent BSS ..................................................................... 8-38-3

Speech

Overview of Speech ................................................................................................................................................................. 8-48-4

Analog ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 8-58-5

Interleaving and Forward Error Correction ..................................................................................................................... 8-58-5

Speech Data Bursts .................................................................................................................................................................. 8-68-6

Digital Speech ............................................................................................................................................................................ 8-68-6

Digital 64 kbit/s A-law Encoded Speech .......................................................................................................................... 8-78-7

Enhanced Full-Rate .................................................................................................................................................................. 8-88-8

Half-Rate ......................................................................................................................................................................................

8-98-9

Adaptive Multiple Rate ........................................................................................................................................................ 8-108-10

Channel Mode Adaptation .................................................................................................................................................. 8-148-14

VGCS .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8-148-14

Contents

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Circuit-Switched Data Modes

Overview of Circuit-Switched Data Modes ................................................................................................................. 8-168-16

Transparent Mode .................................................................................................................................................................. 8-178-17

Non-Transparent Mode ........................................................................................................................................................

8-188-18

Short Message Service - Cell Broadcast

Overview of Short Message Service - Cell Broadcast .............................................................................................. 8-208-20

SMS-CB Operation ................................................................................................................................................................ 8-218-21

Phase 2+ Enhancements ....................................................................................................................................................... 8-218-21

Support of Localized Service Area

Overview of Support of Localized Service Area ........................................................................................................ 8-228-22

PLMN Interworking

Overview of PLMN Interworking .................................................................................................................................... 8-238-23

9 Cell Environments

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 9-19-1

Cell Environments

Overview of Cell Environments .......................................................................................................................................... 9-39-3

Rural and Coastal Coverage .................................................................................................................................................. 9-59-5

Urban Coverage ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9-59-5

Concentric Cell

Overview of Concentric Cell ................................................................................................................................................ 9-69-6

Sectored Site

Overview of Sectored Site ..................................................................................................................................................... 9-79-7

Extended Cell

Overview of Extended Cell ................................................................................................................................................... 9-99-9

Standard Extended Cell ........................................................................................................................................................ 9-109-10

Enlarged Extended Cell ........................................................................................................................................................ 9-119-11

Contents

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PS in Extended Cell ............................................................................................................................................................... 9-119-11

Umbrella Cell

Overview of Umbrella Cell ................................................................................................................................................ 9-129-12

Mini Cell ....................................................................................................................................................................................

9-129-12

Microcell .................................................................................................................................................................................... 9-139-13

Indoor Cell ................................................................................................................................................................................ 9-169-16

Cell Shared by Two BTS

Overview of Cell Shared by Two BTS ........................................................................................................................... 9-189-18

Logical Cell

Overview of Logical Cell .................................................................................................................................................... 9-199-19

Unbalancing TRX Output Power per BTS Sector

Overview of Unbalancing TRX Output Power per BTS Sector ........................................................................... 9-209-20

TRX Dynamic Power Saving

Overview of TRX Dynamic Power Saving .................................................................................................................. 9-219-21

10 Operations & Maintenance

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 10-110-1

Operations and Maintenance

Overview of Operations and Maintenance .................................................................................................................... 10-310-3

Subsystem O&M Functions ............................................................................................................................................... 10-310-3

System O&M Functions ...................................................................................................................................................... 10-410-4

O&M Control - Subsystems

Overview of O&M Control - Subsystems ..................................................................................................................... 10-610-6

LMTs and IMT ........................................................................................................................................................................ 10-610-6

OML Auto-Detection ............................................................................................................................................................ 10-710-7

Managed Objects .................................................................................................................................................................... 10-710-7

Security Blocks ....................................................................................................................................................................... 10-810-8

Contents

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O&M Control via OMC-R

Overview of O&M Control via OMC-R ........................................................................................................................ 10-910-9

Multiple Human-Machine Interface ................................................................................................................................ 10-910-9

ACO ..........................................................................................................................................................................................

10-1110-11

Connection from BSC to OMC-R ................................................................................................................................. 10-1310-13

Electronic Documentation ................................................................................................................................................ 10-1510-15

Configuration Management

Overview of Configuration Management ................................................................................................................... 10-1610-16

Hardware Configuration .................................................................................................................................................... 10-1710-17

Logical Configuration ........................................................................................................................................................ 10-1710-17

Default Parameter Customization .................................................................................................................................. 10-1810-18

Software Configuration ..................................................................................................................................................... 10-1810-18

Auto-Identification .............................................................................................................................................................. 10-1910-19

OML Auto-Detection .......................................................................................................................................................... 10-2010-20

Network Element Provisioning ....................................................................................................................................... 10-2110-21

Fault Management - Alarms

Overview of Fault Management - Alarms .................................................................................................................. 10-2310-23

Alarm Generation ................................................................................................................................................................ 10-2410-24

Alarm Functions ................................................................................................................................................................... 10-2510-25

BSC Alarms ........................................................................................................................................................................... 10-2710-27

BTS Alarms ............................................................................................................................................................................ 10-3110-31

Alarms Detected by the TSC ........................................................................................................................................... 10-3210-32

MFS Alarms ...........................................................................................................................................................................

10-3310-33

Recovery Example: Carrier Unit Failures with BCCH .......................................................................................... 10-3410-34

Automatic Power-Down .................................................................................................................................................... 10-3710-37

BSC Alerter ............................................................................................................................................................................ 10-3810-38

Contents

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Performance Management

Overview of Performance Management ...................................................................................................................... 10-3910-39

Traces ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 10-4010-40

Performance Monitoring ...................................................................................................................................................

10-4010-40

Radio Measurements Statistics ....................................................................................................................................... 10-4110-41

Radio Measurements Statistics Improved ................................................................................................................... 10-4310-43

Results Analysis ................................................................................................................................................................... 10-4610-46

Audits

Overview of Audits ............................................................................................................................................................. 10-4710-47

Audit Types ............................................................................................................................................................................ 10-4710-47

Audit Flow .............................................................................................................................................................................. 10-4910-49

Remote Inventory

Overview of Remote Inventory ...................................................................................................................................... 10-5010-50

Contents

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List of tables

1-1 Basic Teleservices ..................................................................................................................................................... 1-91-9

1-2 GSM Channel Characteristics ............................................................................................................................ 1-121-12

1-3 Control Channel Types .......................................................................................................................................... 1-131-13

2-1 System Information Messages ........................................................................................................................... 2-442-44

2-2 UTRAN/E-UTRAN FDD/TDD Supported Combinations ...................................................................... 2-582-58

3-1 Network Operation Modes .................................................................................................................................. 3-253-25

4-1 TSC Set 1 & 2 .............................................................................................................................................................

4-54-5

5-1 Cell List Identifier and Paging Performed ..................................................................................................... 5-315-31

5-2 Cell List Identifier and Paging Performed ..................................................................................................... 5-325-32

6-1 Operator Discontinuous Transmission Options ........................................................................................... 6-166-16

6-2 Mobile Station Maximum and Minimum Power Ranges ......................................................................... 6-246-24

8-1 Software Version versus Hardware Board/Feature ..................................................................................... 8-118-11

8-2 Circuit-Switched Data Rate Conversions Across the Air Interface ...................................................... 8-188-18

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List of tables

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List of figures

1-1 Base Station Subsystem .......................................................................................................................................... 1-71-7

2-1 Synchronous Transport Mode level 1 (STM1) ............................................................................................... 2-52-5

2-2 Logical Position of External Components Associated with BSS .......................................................... 2-172-17

2-3 Location Updating .................................................................................................................................................. 2-212-21

2-4 Location Updating .................................................................................................................................................. 2-232-23

2-5 Timeslot 4 of a TDMA Frame Supporting Access Grant Channels ...................................................... 2-402-40

2-6 TMN System Hierarchy ........................................................................................................................................

2-492-49

3-1 Model LLC Packet Data Unit used in GPRS .................................................................................................. 3-63-6

3-2 The Alcatel-Lucent GPRS Solution in the PLMN ......................................................................................... 3-73-7

3-3 Mobile Station-Originating Packet Data Protocol Context Activation ............................................... 3-473-47

3-4 GGSN-Originating Packet Data Protocol Context Activation ................................................................ 3-493-49

3-5 Mobile-Originating Packet Data Protocol Context De-activation ........................................................ 3-613-61

3-6 Network-Originating Packet Data Protocol Context De-activation Processes ................................. 3-643-64

4-1 OSC baseband transmitter ...................................................................................................................................... 4-34-3

4-2 VAMOS baseband transmitter .............................................................................................................................. 4-44-4

4-3 Power control in VAMOS ....................................................................................................................................... 4-84-8

4-4 FACCH soft stealing for two users sharing the same radio resource: TCH for both users A and B,

FACCH for user B, FACCH for user A. ......................................................................................................... 4-94-9

4-5 VAMOS Multiplexing Combinations per timeslot ..................................................................................... 4-134-13

5-1 Radio and Link Establishment for Mobile-Originated Call ....................................................................... 5-75-7

5-2 Connection for Mobile-Originated Call .......................................................................................................... 5-135-13

5-3 Channel Request ...................................................................................................................................................... 5-185-18

5-4 Radio and Link Establishment for Mobile-Terminated Call ................................................................... 5-245-24

5-5 CCCH with Three Blocks Reserved for AGCH ........................................................................................... 5-295-29

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5-6 Four TDMA Frame Cycles Providing 24 Paging Sub-channels ............................................................ 5-305-30

5-7 Location Update with Mobile Station Sending Location Area Identity of Previous VLR ........... 5-485-48

5-8 Example of TFO Establishment ......................................................................................................................... 5-595-59

6-1 Different Forms of Discontinuous Transmission .........................................................................................

6-186-18

6-2 Power Output Balancing Based on Received Quality and Signal Levels .......................................... 6-226-22

6-3 Power Output Balancing Based on Received Quality and Signal Levels .......................................... 6-236-23

6-4 Umbrella Cell Load in Mobile Velocity Dependent Handover .............................................................. 6-416-41

6-5 Example of the New Round Robin Algorithm Applied for an ACC Configuration ....................... 6-566-56

7-1 Mobile Station Disconnecting a Call .................................................................................................................. 7-67-6

7-2 Normal Call Release ................................................................................................................................................. 7-87-8

7-3 Initiation of Normal Release by MSC ................................................................................................................ 7-97-9

7-4 BSC/BTS/Mobile Station Interactions in Normal Call Release ............................................................ 7-127-12

7-5 Normal Release Final Steps ................................................................................................................................ 7-137-13

7-6 Call Release Following Reset ............................................................................................................................. 7-197-19

7-7 BSC-initiated Call Release Toward the MSC ............................................................................................... 7-217-21

7-8 BTS-initiated Call Release following LAPD Failure ................................................................................ 7-247-24

7-9 Call Release due to Mobile Station-Initiated Radio Link Failure .........................................................

7-267-26

7-10 Call Release Due to Communication Failure Detected by Transcoder ............................................... 7-287-28

8-1 Encoded Speech Transmission Across the BSS with 9120 BSC ............................................................. 8-48-4

8-2 Multiplexed Ater Interface ..................................................................................................................................... 8-78-7

8-3 Data Transmission Across the BSS .................................................................................................................. 8-168-16

9-1 Example: Cell Configurations ............................................................................................................................... 9-49-4

9-2 Sectored Site Configuration ................................................................................................................................... 9-89-8

9-3 Example of Extended Cell Topology ................................................................................................................. 9-99-9

9-4 Umbrella Cell with Mini Cells ........................................................................................................................... 9-139-13

9-5 Indoor Cell Example Network Hierarchy with Three Layers and Two Bands ................................. 9-179-17

10-1 Multiple HMI Access to OMC-Rs .................................................................................................................. 10-1010-10

List of figures

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10-2 ACO Links .............................................................................................................................................................. 10-1210-12

10-3 X.25 Without Redundancy ................................................................................................................................ 10-1310-13

10-4 X.25 With Redundancy ...................................................................................................................................... 10-1410-14

10-5 RSL Correlation on the Abis Interface ..........................................................................................................

10-2810-28

10-6 Example Alarm Report ....................................................................................................................................... 10-3010-30

10-7 Example: Loss of Carrier Unit Holding BCCH. ....................................................................................... 10-3610-36

10-8 RMS OMC-R Implementation. ....................................................................................................................... 10-4310-43

10-9 RMSI OMC-R Implementation ....................................................................................................................... 10-4510-45

List of figures

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List of figures

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About this documentAbout this document

Purpose

This document provides a detailed overview of the Alcatel-Lucent Base Station

Subsystem (BSS) and its functions and features, as well as an introduction to GSM

operation and (E)GPRS.

The first part of the document provides an overview of GSM functions and architecture,as well as a high level introduction to:

• The principle role and tasks of the Alcatel-Lucent BSS

• Network organization, functions and network management

• General BSS operations and maintenance (O&M).

The document then provides more specific technical information about:

• GPRS in the Alcatel-Lucent BSS

This section provides an overview of GPRS functionality and processes as appliedwithin the Alcatel-Lucent BSS.

• Call set up, handling and releaseThese sections provide detailed information about how the three major stages of calltransmission and management are implemented in the Alcatel-Lucent BSS.

Specific sections focus on how user traffic is handled across the BSS and howdifferent cell environments impact call handling.

• Operations and Maintenance (O&M).

These sections describe the local and distributed O&M functions as they are appliedin the Alcatel-Lucent BSS.

Note that some of the functions and features may not be available on the system installed

at your location.

The following convention applies for a 9125 TC equipped with a TC STM1 - IP subrack:

• TC STM1 interface board is also referred as TCIF

• TC STM1 IP interface board is also referred as TCIFI.

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Reason for reissue

Issue number Reason for reissue

4 Section “Radio Measurements Statistics Improved”

(p. 10-43) was updated.

3 The following sections were updated:

• Information about IRC & Enhanced IRC has been

added in “Interference Reduction” (p. 6-58).

• Information about Flexible RMSI Report Content

has been added in “Radio Measurements Statistics

Improved” (p. 10-43)

• Information about Packet Downlink Power Control

and Reduction of Transmitted PDDCB has been

added in “Radio Power Control” (p. 6-19)

2 Improvements performed in

• “RMSI in OMC-R” (p. 10-43).

• “Alcatel-Lucent Radio Solutions” (p. 2-2)

• “Base Transceiver Station” (p. 2-8)

1 First official release of the document for B12 Release.

New in this release

This section contains information about changes to the current document.New features

IRC & Enhanced IRC

Packet Downlink Power Control

Reduction of Transmitted PDDCB

Other changes

None.

Intended audienceThis document is for people requiring an in-depth understanding of Alcatel-Lucent BSS

functions:

• Network decision makers who require an understanding of the underlying functions of

the system

About this document

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Including:

– Network planners

– Technical design staff

– Trainers.

• Operations and support staff who need to know how the system operates in normalconditions

Including:

– Operators

– Support engineers

– Maintenance staff

– Client Help Desk personnel.

Supported systems

This document applies to Release B12 of the BSS.This document contains IP transport in the BSS related information. This feature is

available commercially from Release B12.

How to use this document

No specific recommendation applies regarding the way readers should read this

document.

Prerequisites

You must have a good understanding of:• BSS

• GSM

• GPRS

• Mobile telecommunications

• Network Management concepts and terminology.

Conventions used

This section gives information on conventions.

Vocabulary conventions

None.

About this document

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Typographical conventions

The following typographical convention is used in this document:

Appearance Description

Italicized text Emphasized information.

graphical user interface text Text that is displayed in a graphical user interface or in a

hardware label.

Document reference, reference

number

Related document that is referenced in the document.

Related information

None.

Document support

For support in using this or any other Alcatel-Lucent document, contact Alcatel-Lucent at

one of the following telephone numbers:

• 1-888-582-3688 (for the United States)

• 1-317-377-8618 (for all other countries)

Technical support

For technical support, contact your local Alcatel-Lucent customer support team. See the

Alcatel-Lucent Support web site (http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/support/) for contact

information.

How to order

To order Alcatel-Lucent documents, contact your local sales representative or use Online

Customer Support (OLCS) (http://support.alcatel-lucent.com)

How to comment

To comment on this document, go to the Online Comment Form (http://infodoc.alcatel-

lucent.com/comments/) or e-mail your comments to the Comments Hotline

([email protected]).

About this document

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xxvi Alcatel-Lucent BSS9YZ-03803-1802-TQZZA B12


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1 1Introduction to GSM

Overview

Purpose

This section reviews basic mobile communications concepts and provides an overview of

GSM architecture and functions, including its evolution to (E)GPRS.

Contents

GSM Background 1-1

GSM Architecture 1-3

GSM Functions 1-8

GSM Background

Overview

The Group Special Mobile was originally part of the European Conference of Posts and

Telecommunications (CEPT) group. This organization was responsible for developing the

first mobile telecommunication standards. It produced recommendations for mobile

services, radio transmission, network architecture and interfaces between subsystems. The

resulting cellular radio telephone system is known as the Global System for Mobile

Communications, or GSM. GSM standardization was later taken over by the global

European standards organization, the ETSI, and in 1998 a collaboration agreement was

established between a number of telecommunications standards bodies, resulting in the3rd Generation Partnership Project Agreement (3GPP).

3GPP is responsible for defining recommendations for the advanced use of cellular radio

telephone systems. The recommendations are defined by technological generations.

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2G is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology. The main difference to

previous mobile telephone systems, retrospectively dubbed 1G, is that the radio signals

that 1G networks use are analog, while 2G networks are digital.

3G is the generation of mobile phone standards and technology after 2G. It is based on

the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the

International Mobile Telecommunications programme, "IMT-2000". 3G technologies

enable Network Operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while

achieving

alcatel-lucent b12 bss overview

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