albedo project presentation rev2
DESCRIPTION
E\' stata avviata un’attività di ricerca riguardante l’albedo terrestre e l’influenza di tale proprietà sul cambiamento climatico globale in collaborazione tra CIRIAF, CNR Ambiente e una rete di Imprese per l\'Albedo.Dalla realizzazione di modelli di validazione e da alcune verifiche sperimentali, sono stati ottenuti dei risultati circa la correlazione fra la radiazione riflessa da superfici trattate con pigmenti o cultivar caratterizzate da spiccata capacità di riflessione della radiazione solare e la quantità di emissioni di Co2eq evitate in atmosfera (circa 10 mq di superficie con riflettenza maggiore del 90% equivale ad una tonnellata di CO2eq). Il progetto rivoluzionerebbe l\'attività per la mitigazione del riscaldamento globale che fin\'ora pensava solo alla riduzione del CO2. Molto interessati al progetto paesi come la Cina e i paesi del Nord Africa che hanno grandi superfici terrestri da poter trattare per la riduzione dell\'accumulo di calore per effetto della radiazione solare.Con l’implementazione della seconda fase (lancio di un satellite di probabile fabbricazione italo-cinese e messa in orbita polare eliosincrona), si darebbe avvio alla certificazione di tali superfici ad elevato albedo su scala globale ai fini del riconoscimento di crediti di carbonio validi e commercializzabili all’interno dell’Emission Trading SystemE\' infatti possibile la Certificazione da satelite della CO2 compensata mediante superfici ad elevato albedo; tale attività potrà essere articolata nelle seguenti fasi:- acquisizione di richieste di certificazione di singoli attori interessati al riconoscimento di efficacia delle superfici per il controllo dell’albedo, previa acquisizione di adeguata documentazione progettuale (materiale cartografico/fotografico relativo ai siti di installazione e corrispondente inquadramento meteorologico e geografico);- valutazione dei progetti e quantificazione della CO2 compensata dall’installazione delle superfici ad elevato albedo;- rilascio certificati.TUTTE QUESTE ATTIVITA\' SARANNO SVOLTE DALLE AZIENDE PROMOTRICI PER L\'ALBEDO DA ME COORDINATE IN COLLABORAZIONE DI CIRIAF E CNR.Sandro CecchiTRANSCRIPT
ALBEDO PROJECTing. Sandro Cecchi
ALBEDO Company's Network CoordinatorFounder of Italian Center
Consortium (www.myitaliancenter.com) Director of Sound Art Festival SGUARDI SONORI,
cell.3489355169 e-mail: [email protected] tel./fax: 06.6869222
Via del Tempio 1 00186 Roma,
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Via del Tempio 1 00186 Roma,www.linkedin.com/in/sandrocecchiwww.facebook.com/sandro.tre
Benefits
One of the major concern uman kind is facing is the global warmingwith all its implications on Earth life.
Several studies and initiatives are in progress to mitigate the effectincluding the Kyoto protocol.
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
A new concept has been developed fromUniversity of Perugia whereglobal warming is limited by reducing the Earth energy absorption.
The idea can bring to thedevelopment of a measurement andcertification System that can be compatible with Kyoto protocoland be self sustainable.
List of content• Introduction
• Scientific background
• Users and applications
• Mission & service definition
• System architecture
• Payload requirement
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
• Payload requirement
• Actors
• Business model
• Implementation plan
• Funding scheme
• Conclusions
Introduction (1)The current internationally accepted techniques for the mitigation ofglobal warming followed by two methodological approaches: the firstinvolves thecapture of CO2 released into the atmosphere, the secondis thereduction of CO2 emissions.
First approach includes all of the technologies for the sequestration andgeological sequestration of CO2 emitted by combustion processes orduringtheextractionof fossil fuels.
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
duringtheextractionof fossil fuels.
Head instead to the second approach are the technologies for theproduction of energy fromrenewable sources and practices for energyand energy efficiency improvement.
In both approaches, however, the end result remains the reductionof the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere would involverecognizing that the element responsible for global warming.
Introduction (2)The approach here proposed, which is complementary to thosementioned above, however,provides for the compensation of theincrease in temperature produced by greenhouse gases, usingtechniques that allowyou to control the amount of energy absorbedfrom the Sun and the Earth’s surface or the reflected energy fromtheearthinto space.
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
earthinto space.
In this regard, a study conducted by CIRIAF-University of Perugia(Patent No. PGand PG2006 A 0086 2007 A 0009) which has alreadywon several awards fromthe international scientific community, foundthat an area of 10 square meters of high average albedo is able tooffset, in terms of global warming, the effect produced by the entryinto the atmosphereone tonne of carbon dioxide.
Introduction (3)
The University of Perugia with the collaboration of a bundle ofIndustries is nowproposing to developa specific measurement andcertification system that can be used to comply with Kyoto Protocolobjectivesandprovideglobalwarmingmitigation.
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
objectivesandprovideglobalwarmingmitigation.
The systemis based ona space and ground infrastructure plus adedicated agencydevoted to the assessment and certification.
Scientific backgroundGlobal Warming
• Atmospheric concentration of CO2 is currently nearly40 % above itspreindustrial level (from285to 380 ppm).
• By IPCC 4th Assessment Report GWis mainly due to human-inducedeffects.
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
+ 0.64 Celsius degrees on the last fifty years
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Scientific backgroundGlobal Warming consequences
ECONOMIC
‐ Costs induced by extreme weather eventscan rise up to 25% of GDP on affectedcountries.
GEOGRAPHIC
‐ sea-level rise predicted at 2100:min 0.22 m,max 0.44 m.
- 20 % rain falling increase on South Asia by2050, 10 % less annual rainfall on sub-SaharanAfrica .
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
HEALTHSOCIAL
‐ 400 milion additional popolation at risk formalaria.
‐ 3.5 billion additional people at risk dengue.
‐ 300 % heat-related death increase in 2100.
‐ Increase in malnutrition.
‐ 4.3 - 6.9 billion of people living in severelystressed river basins.
‐ 200 million of climate migrants by 2050.
‐ 50 % fall of rain-fed agricolture in sub-Saharan Africa by 2020.
‐ 40 - 140 million of people flooded per yearby 2100.
SaharanAfrica .
Scientific backgroundMitigation of Global Warming
CO
ST
S
Energy production by renewables (e.g., biomass, solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, etc.) or nuclear(Is it renewable?)
Energy saving (Green building, energy saving practices and behaviours, etc.)
EF
FE
CT
ON
GW
MIT
IGA
TIO
N
CH
NO
LOG
ICA
L C
OM
PLE
XIT
Y
CO
ST
Sgeothermal, hydroelectric, etc.) or nuclear(Is it renewable?)
Increasing the efficiency on energy production and use
Greenhouse gases captureand sequestration
EF
FE
CT
ON
GW
MIT
IGA
TIO
N
TE
CH
NO
LOG
ICA
L C
OM
PLE
XIT
Y
BEST RESULTS BY SIMPLER AND CHEAPER METHODS !!!
Scientific backgroundSolar Radiation Management - SRM
• Earth albedoplays an CRUCIAL role on Earth temperature.
• Artificial enhancement of terrestrial albedo (SRM)maycontribute to offset CO2 effect on earth average temperature.
ETIOLOGY
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
SURFACE ALBEDO
INCREASE
GLOBAL AVERAGE
TEMPERATUREDECREASE
CO2EMISSIONS
OFFSET
ETIOLOGY
Scientific backgroundModeling of GW mitigation
• Several models are still available to predict the effect of Earth albedoon earth temperature.
• A new method (CIRIAF PATENT) is the only one that takes intoaccount thehigh albedo surface peculiarities:(latitude, tilt angle,azimuthangle,albedo).
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
azimuthangle,albedo).
( )MτrγβαfCO sOFFSET ,,,,,2 =
Latitude Tilt angle
Azimuth angle
Surfacesolar
albedo
Time
Meteo conditions
Scientific background
+∆ALBEDO POSITIONMETEO
INPUT DATA
+∆CO2
INPUT DATA
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
CO2 vs Tradiative forcing method by IPPC
ATMOSPHERICMODEL - ∆T ∆T+
0
VIS+IR
ALBEDOENHANCEMENT
Scientific background
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
GLOBAL WARMING
MITIGATION
BUILDING PASSIVE COOLING
CO2OFFSET
AVOIDED CO 2EMISSIONS+
Users and applicationsINHERENTLY COOL ROOFS GREEN ROOFS
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
COATED COOL ROOFS
Slope Solar Reflectance SRI
Energy StarUS GBC LEED
Low 0.65 78
Steep 0.25 29
Certification requirements fordifferent cool roof programs
Users and applicationsSALT PANSARCHITECTONIC
STRUCTURES
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
ARBOREAL SPECIES
Users and applications
1 ton of CO2eq is half absorbed by ecosystem and half contributes to increase atmospheric concentration.
To compensate 1 ton of CO2,eqreleased into the atmosphere 4 m2 @ r = 0.9 ALBEDO surface are required in Rome.
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Which is the potential value of 1 m2 @ r = 0.9 in Rome today?
3 € for 30yrs exposure!!!!!
INCOMINGS FROM 1.000 M2 OFHIGH ALBEDO SURFACES
(r = 0.9)
NIAMEY ROME PARIS
LOCALITY 1 LOCALITY 2 LOCALITY 3
Users and applications
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
NIAMEY (NIGER)5.200 €
174 €/yrs
ROME (ITALY)3.250 €
109 €/yrs
PARIS (FRANCE)
2.600 €87 €/yrs
HOW CAN WE GET IT ?????
Users and applicationsA proposal for certificate
PROJECTSAPPROVAL
CREDITSISSUING
TASKS
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
ISSUING
MARKET REGULATION
PERIODIC ALBEDO MONITORING
(AlbedoSat)
Albedo space mission
The Albedo project needs specifc measuremt in terms ofspatial resolution and spectral bandwidth that can’t bederived fromcurrent satellite missions
Thereforeit is neededto developa newsatellite specifically
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Thereforeit is neededto developa newsatellite specificallydesigned to accomplish the task.
The satellite can be based on the already available Italian technology and small satellite design.
• LEO orbit sunsynchronuos with altitude in the range of400 - 500 km
• Local time = 10-12 (10:30 target )• Coverageworldwide
Albedo spacemissionrequirement
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
• Coverageworldwide• Revisit time: 6-8 months (can be reduce adding more
satellites)• Payload: optical payload with multiband measurement
preliminary requirements for pan camera
Payload
Mission requirement
Optical Payload will be composed of a pancromaticcamera plus a channel covering the spectrumfrom 0,4to 4,5 micron
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
preliminary requirements for pan camera
• Observation BW 0,4-0,9 micron• GSD:2-2,5m• nadir looking swath: 20x20 km2• S/N>200 (nadir looking, time passage 10:30)• MTF>0,15• Quantization (not compressed): 12 bit
• Banda di osservazione: 0.4-4.5 micron
• Pixel spatial Resolution: 4-5 m
Wide channel requirement
Albedosat missionrequirements
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
• Pixel spatial Resolution: 4-5 m
• S/N: 200 @ 650 nm
• Bits per sample :12 bits
• Dry Mass 250 Kg (payload/piattaforma = 30%)• EOL Power: 150 W • Compatibility with a large range of launcher• Stabilization: 3 axis stabilized• Boresightpointingaccuracy: < 0,1° on eachaxis
Mission requirementPlatform
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
• Boresightpointingaccuracy: < 0,1° on eachaxis• Pointing knowledge < 0,02° for each axis• Tilt manouvers: +/-65° along e cross track• Pointing velocity: 1°/sec• Life time: 5 years
PancromaticCamera
Wide spectrumchannel
Comments
Coverage
Revisit Time
resolution
Applications Areas
Vegetation
AlbedoSat Mission RequirementsApplications
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Vegetation
Agriculture
Land use and mapping
Hydrology
Coastal Resources
Albedo
GROUND CONTROL CENTER
SATELLITE
GROUND SEGMENT
TT&C Station
PLATFORM
OBC
S- Band TX/RC
USER SEGMENT
PAYLOAD
PE (Payload Electronics)
X- Band TX
X- Band downlink Station
Housekeeping data and tracking information
Image data Satellite macro commands
AlbedoSat mission architecture
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
SCC(Satellite Control Center)
MCC(Mission Control Center)
FDC (Flight Dynamics
Center)
Mission Planning System
USER
Web Interface
- Request acquisition plan- Modify/Delete acquisition plan- Planning Acceptance
- Planning confirmation and time acquisition - Last planning
Acquisition Data
Generation Product
Data&Product retrieval
Data&Product Request
User requestData&Product delivery
Data&Product Archive Catalogue
Ancillary data
Mission M&C Payload M&C
Mission Simulator
Mission Database System
Potential Actors & Implementation
• Scientific organization (Kyoto Protocol, European Environment Agency, CNR, ISPRA)
• Institutions (UE, Italian Ministery of Environment and Research, ASI)• Industry (Albedo Consortium, Italian and European SME, Chinese
companies)• International partners (Italy-China-UE-Third World Development
Countries)
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
IMPLEMENTATION
Public Private Partnership (World Bank, BEI, Albedo Consortium, Third World Development Countries, World Albedo Agency)
The project will be also devoted to generate richness in the Third DevelopmentCountries implementing the augmentation the sun light reflection in largedesertic areas or in extensive populated areas.
ConclusionsCost of the project: 100 M€80M€ for satellite, 20M€ for the Albedo Agency. Italy willdevelop the satellite instrument (30M€) and China may providethe bus and the launch
Return fromthe InvestmentAssumingto sell thecertificationsin a princerangefrom 2 to 5%
ing. Sandro Cecchi - ALBEDO Company's Network Coordinator
Assumingto sell thecertificationsin a princerangefrom 2 to 5%of the value of carbon credits the Agency may gain from2 to 5 €for each 100m2 surface certification. The surface annuallycerficable may range froma minimum of 10.000.000.000m2 tothe maximum allowed by satellite operations. Fromthisconservative assumption the sustanaibility of the Albedo Agencyis largely demonstrated.