alan p. merriam - melville jean herskovits

Melville Jean Herskovits 1895-1963Author(s): Alan P. MerriamSource: American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 66, No. 1 (Feb., 1964), pp. 83-109Published by: Wiley on behalf of the American Anthropological AssociationStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/669084 .

Accessed: 14/01/2014 13:05

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

.

Wiley and American Anthropological Association are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve andextend access to American Anthropologist.

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 132.248.9.8 on Tue, 14 Jan 2014 13:05:54 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=black

http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=anthro

http://www.jstor.org/stable/669084?origin=JSTOR-pdf

http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp


. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-

:--:::-::-:- -:- .... i-:::_ :.-i- I-:............'r- ::_: ___?iiii-l- : . :r::::ii:g oo - r::: :::::., i;::::::-:- ::: ::::: :::-:I:::::::: :: :::::: ex,: :ii-i::il~ij-:?:-:- - Ill-si:i~ii: l~;-~ l--:--::I::_-... X'.m - 4.0. X,:: _:::. -:::::I:::::

:::..: . -::::. . . . . . . . . . . . .... ..... .......::i~ii iiii-ii-iiiiiriir "O N M a w Y , ::-::::-::: : iiii ::: ii-r-liiii~- i~~liiiliii'ii

:::-- .. .. . :: ..........-i ii ::--: Aso, SAN'::--:--- 1:---:'i:::: : ::::

: ::::_:::-:i. iir~~i-i,,_: .g m ::: -- ::::::r:,:::::::i:ii-I-::-: ::::::........._:i--:

MELVILLE JEAN HERSKOVITS 1895-1963

M ELVILLE J. HERSKOVITS was born in Bellefontaine, Ohio, September 10, 1895, and spent his childhood there and in Texas. In 1920 he took

his Ph.B. at the University of Chicago, and later came under the influence of Franz Boas, then at Columbia University, where he took an M.A. in 1921 and his doctorate in 1923. In 1924 he married Frances Shapiro, and their daughter, Jean, was born in 1935. He held the post of lecturer in anthropology at Columbia University from 1924 to 1927, and was at Howard University in 1925. In 1927 he moved to Northwestern University where he remained, as full professor since 1935, until his death February 25, 1963.

Facts of this nature tell us but little about a man who gave his intellectual life to anthropology, of his devotion to his field of study, or of the enormous integrity he brought to it. It is, rather, in looking at the fruits of his devotion that we see the scope and brilliance of his productivity and the constant theme of humanitarianism, based always on the facts of research, that marked his work.

From 1923-1927 Herskovits carried out his first major series of studies as

83



84 American Anthropologist [66, 1964]

Fellow of the Board of the Biological Sciences of the National Research Coun-

cil; this was a detailed program of physical anthropology titled "Variability under Radical Crossing." The project came to be centered about variability, homogeneity and heterogeneity, and the problem of Mendelian inheritance in race crossing; it began with early anthropometric studies of Negro boys in New York City and Riverdale, New York (#28, 37). In 1925, Herskovits pointed out the importance of the range of variability in studying a mixed racial

grouping (#31:70), and suggested that a significant means of understanding heredity in racial crossing could be achieved through the study of genealogies of individuals concerned (#121, 61). This led immediately to the question of

homogeneity and heterogeneity (#39) in the American Negro population, and Herskovits concluded:

That the variability of family strains can be utilized as an indication of the homogeneity or heterogeneity of a population; that the Negro-White population of New York is of sur- prisingly great homogeneity of type; that in this instance, at least, the result may be taken as an indication of the heterogeneity of racial origin; and that there is not in this population great variation between families, but rather within them. (#43:12)

The concept of low variability in family lines and high variability within families of New York Negroes was so different from that generally prevailing that Herskovits sought a further explanation which he found in the element of social selection (#35, 63, 100).

The concepts of social selection, variability, and heterogeneity and homo-

geneity led to a series of conclusions regarding the American Negro as a

physical type, and these were supported by a number of papers dealing with

specific measured characteristics including cephalic index (#47), changes in

pigmentation (#53), interpupilary distance (#67) and others. Thus Herskovits came gradually to the concept of a homogeneous American Negro population (#50), explicable through the factors mentioned above and through the concept of multiple factor genetic inheritance which he expressed in The Anthro-

pometry of the American Negro (#121), in which much of his factual data was

presented along with his general conclusions. By the time the study had reached its conclusion, Herskovits had measured

at least five series in Harlem, as well as series at Howard University (#61), a

sedentary rural population from West Virginia (#81), and other samples as well (#120, 121); thus he felt he could generalize to the American Negro group as a whole, not only in the specific terms of physical anthropology, but in broader terms as well. In the conclusion to The American Negro: A Study in Racial Crossing, published in 1928, he wrote:

The American Negro? Let us regard him as a homogeneous population group, more or less consciously consolidating and stabilizing the type of which he has commenced the formation. But let us not think of him as a new race, or as anything but the homogeneous group he constitutes. To do otherwise would be fallacious. And fallacious thinking, translated into action in the field of race, too often makes for tragedy (#86:81-2).

It was typical of Herskovits that, having published a score of articles and two books which represented the culmination of his work in physical anthropology, he remained intensely interested in the field. He continued to defend his own



Obituaries 85

materials against criticisms of sampling (#135), contributed articles on physical anthropology to the Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences (#118, 130, 170), and discussed Boas' contribution to the field, stressing a fact important to him-- that Boas did not regard physical man as an entity apart from cultural man (#271).

It is understandable that these studies of the American Negro as a physical type should lead to an interest in the social problem of race, and thus Hersko- vits came to combat many times and in many places with the confusions between physical and social or cultural considerations which afflict the problem of race. He argued that the result of race crossing depends upon the family lines from which the members of the crossing came (#172:402, #177), and debated the question of race and culture with other scholars (#289, 299, 466). He was much involved in problems of supposed inheritance of Negro temperament (#20) and intelligence (#45), and the same kinds of scientific application were made to the study of the Jew (#78, 345). He was at the forefront in pointing out the confusions between race as a physical phenomenon and culture, in articles (#21, 110, 150, 279, 298), reviews (#23), radio addresses (#208), public lectures (#307), and in the public press (#226, 323). At one point he emphasized the social rather than racial definition made of the Negro as contrasted in prevailing definitions in the United States and in Brazil (#38); at another, he argued against the concept of Nordic superiority (#30); and at still another showed the differences between race and racism in Nazi ideology (#281). He summarized the year's developments in race relations for the American Journal of Sociology in 1928, 1929, 1931, and 1932 (#101, 114, 138, 153), and he wrote a number of general studies on the Negro for various publications (#239, 258, 419, 181).

In view of his strong interest in the Negro in the United States, it is not surprising that Herskovits developed and broadened his knowledge of the Negro in other world areas, an interest noted in his physical anthropological studies as early as 1926 (#55:898). Almost at the beginning of his professional career he had published an article on property concepts and marriage customs of the Vandau of Portuguese East Africa (#13), and this was followed in 1924 by the first culture area mapping of Africa (#22), subsequently revised in 1930 (#111), and in 1946 (#311). Of equal importance and interest to the field of African studies was Herskovits' discussion of the cattle complex in East Africa which formed the subject for his doctoral dissertation at Columbia University (#48).

From approximately 1928 to 1945 Herskovits' general writing was concentrated on the New World Negro, although he was writing at the same time about African materials and other subjects of anthropological interest. In 1928, accompanied by Frances S. Herskovits and Morton C. Kahn, he carried out his first ethnographic field work in Suriname, Dutch Guiana, and this was followed by a second expedition in 1929. Herskovits was fascinated by the possibilities of the control situation offered by the Bush Negroes of Suriname for they "have maintained a civilisation of their own in which the influence of




the original African cultures from which they came is immediately apparent" (#95:385), and because the presence both of Bush and Town groups presented an excellent comparative situation. The Suriname research led to a number of articles (#102, 123, 384), as well as two books written with Frances S. Hersko- vits, Suriname Folk-lore (#199), and Rebel Destiny (#168, 377).

A third expedition, this time to Haiti in 1934, accompanied by Mrs. Herskovits, led to the publication of Life in a Haitian Valley (#200), and in 1939, a fourth field program resulted in the publication of Trinidad Village (#322), with Frances S. Herskovits.

In 1941-42 the Herskovitses were in Brazil, concentrating primarily upon the city of Bahia, for the Negroes are distinctive "because they have so uniquely adjusted their African ways to the demands of the modern city in which they live, with relatively little difficulty in reconciling these two aspects of life" (#268: 264). Publications resulting from this work included studies on possession (#383), the social organization of the candombl6 (#405) and general reports on the field work (#274, 278), as well as a discussion with E. Franklin Frazier as to the extent of Africanisms found in the family life of Bahian Negroes (#272).

In the midst of this intensive New World Negro field research, the Her- skovitses undertook an expedition to West Africa in 1931; although their work was concentrated in Abomey, Dahomey, they visited and did research in what was then the Gold Coast, and Nigeria as well. Publication of the results of the Dahomean work first took the form of articles, on economics (#140), and general ethnography (#144). An Outline of Dahomean Religious Belief (#160) with Frances S. Herskovits, appeared in 1933, and was later followed by articles on the best friend relationship (#166), and woman marriage (#209). The culmination of the Dahomean research came with the publication of Dahomey: An Ancient West African Kingdom, in 1938, in which Herskovits aimed "at extending our knowledge of primitive life in general, and of the culture of the region described in particular. In addition, it is intended to provide materials for those students of New World Negro culture who wish to know more fully the mode of life of the peoples from whom were drawn the ancestors of the Negroes who today inhabit the Americas" (#218:iii).

In addition to those concerning Dahomey, Herskovits published ethnographic materials on other African cultures, including a discussion of Rattray's concept of ntoro in the light of Herskovits' field research in Ashanti (#217), the Kru numerical system (#235), and the peoples, languages and cultures of the then-Belgian Congo (#302).

Buttressed by this impressive background of ethnographic experience both in Africa and the New World, Herskovits turned his attention again to the latter area, conceiving New World Negro cultures as a control situation rarely encountered in anthropology, and pointing out the numerous problems sus- ceptible of attack (#112, 133). He early used the game of wari in the New World to point up the possibility of tracing African origins with accuracy (#147), discussed the Dahomeans' keen awareness of the historic fact of the



Obituaries 87

slave trade to the New World (#154), and probed other ethnohistoric problems of New World-African relationships (#175, 190). This work led to his view of the Guinea Coast as the area from which the majority of slaves was drawn

(#162), and he staunchly upheld the further position that the slaves came from complex civilizations, refuting charges that only "savages of the lowest order" were brought to the New World (#182, 225).

A consideration of problems such as these brought Herskovits to the publication of The Myth of the Negro Past in 1941 (#263, 431), and the preface to the book states both the problem and the conviction:

This work represents the documentation of an hypothesis, developed in the course of two decades of research. That the scientific study of the Negro and attempts to meliorate the interracial situation in the United States have been handicapped by a failure to consider adequately certain functioning aspects of Negro life has become increasingly apparent as this investigation has gone on. Problems in Negro research attacked without an assessment of historic depth, and a willingness to regard the historical past of an entire people as the equivalent of its written history can clearly be seen to have made for confusion and error in interpretation, and misdirected judgment in evaluating practical ends (#263:xiii).

In searching for the background against which contemporary studies must be phrased, Herskovits took five myths of the Negro past and methodically de- stroyed them one by one. This volume was a landmark in American Negro studies and has remained unique.

His interest in the factual material of African and New World Negro cultures did not override Herskovits' understanding of the New World Negro field as a methodological and theoretical study in anthropology. Thus he emphasized the concept of syncretism (#212), the importance of the ethnohistorical method (#220, 310), and the concepts of change and stability, re-

interpretation, retention, and cultural focus (#310, 328). He further stressed the importance of New World Negro research to African studies (#328), and pointed out many other problems both of method and of theory (#228, 261, 267, 276, 351, 358). If a single individual can ever be said to have opened up an entire field of research, this honor belongs to Herskovits in the study of the New World Negro.

In the late 1940's Herskovits turned his attention back toward Africa as a general field of study. In 1939, he published a long general study on work which had been done in West Africa to that time (#230), and later took up the problem of American influences on Africa (#350). In 1954, he pointed out the patterns of reaction to the changing world situation in Africa south of the Sahara (#394), and the following year he struck out against the assumption that Africa must follow the Western model and remain under the continuous direction of Europeans (#399). This view stemmed from his deep conviction that it is the African himself who provides the key to understanding Africa (#361, 368, 373, 400). Thus he emphasized cultural stability as well as change, and the force of the enculturative process in shaping African reactions to the situation resulting from increasing Western contact and drives for independ- ence (#422).

Other papers dealt broadly with Africa (#439, 451, 464, 467), and specific




problems were attacked, such as change (#464), land tenure (#371), education in changing Africa (#385), and problems of anthropological approach (#445). His Presidential Address to the African Studies Association in 1958 was in the form of a general survey of African studies and problems and he gave special emphasis to the importance of humanistic research in Africa (#432). Added impetus was supplied by research trips to Africa in 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957 and 1962, and by the formation of the Program of African Studies at Northwestern University in 1947; in 1961 he was named to the first professional Chair of African Studies in the United States.

As Herskovits' studies of the physical form of American Negroes led him into public debate on matters of race, so did his interest in Africa lead to ques- tions of colonial and foreign policy in which he consistently stressed the dignity of African peoples and the importance of seeing problems which con- cern them from their own point of view (#273, 280, 287). In 1944, he ap- proached the problem of native self-government (#282), and continued the discussion in later years (#406, 430). His study for the Committee on Foreign Relations of the United States Senate (#446) gained world attention and in- fluenced the thinking of the Senate and Africans alike. In 1962, he published The Human Factor in Changing Africa; in the preface to the book, he re- emphasized the convictions which had shaped his entire approach to African studies:

As an anthropologist, my interest has centered on people.... Because my scientific orientation, without neglecting the institutions that provide the structural framework of social life, is directed toward people, this book stresses the human factor in assessing the developments that have marked Africa. In treating of these developments, my primary emphasis is on the reactions of the peoples of Africa to the situtations which they have had to meet .... Critical here is the study of the way in which conservatism, the retention of established custom, and change, the acceptance of innovation, have interacted (#475: viii-ix).

Herskovits consistently used his intensive research in African and New World Negro cultures to expand his interest in anthropological theory and method. Two early papers were devoted to the concept of culture pattern, which he first outlined particularly in its applicability to the field of sociology (#246). At least two other early papers dealt with cultural anthropology as a field of study (#10, 275), and with the concept of culture itself. Ethnographic field technique and method were also of considerable interest (#357, 376, 387, 411).

In anthropological theory, however, Herskovits was probably most interested in culture change, the various aspects of which he drew together in 1945 in a study of the processes of culture change (#294). Previously, in 1927, he had written on acculturation and the American Negro (#84), and in 1935 he published with Robert Redfield and Ralph Linton the "Memorandum for the Study of Acculturation" (#185). Two years later, he discussed the significance of acculturation for anthropology (#205), and in 1938, published Ac- culturation (#223), in which he made an exhaustive analysis of the subject, stating the problem as well as its theory and definition, reviewing acculturation studies available in the literature at that time, and devoting himself,



Obituaries 89

as always, to suggestions for future research. In 1941, in an introduction to a

group of papers presented at a symposium on acculturation at the Central States Anthropological Society, he characteristically called attention to the need for revision of the definition which he had helped to formulate (#248).

As the culmination of his theoretical formulations, he published in 1948, Man and His Works (#330, 374, 375), later revised as Cultural Anthropology (#398, 463), which ranged over anthropology as a discipline and which at- tempted to summarize the field. The success of the work is evident in the number or reprintings and translations, and in a real sense, in the controversy which it aroused both in the anthropological and non-anthropological worlds. Not the least of these controversies was engendered by Herskovits' formula- tion of the principle of cultural relativism (#330:63). Attacked on the one side by anthropologists and on the other by philosophers, he responded in 1951 by borrowing the phrase "tender and tough minded" from William James and pointing out that it is the tough minded who go by the facts (#357), and he later carried the discussion further by pointing out some of the problems in- herent in the understanding of relativism (#425).

An early interest in psychology led Herskovits into investigation of what we now call culture and personality and, especially, into the processes of what he called enculturation (#330, 354). Two early papers with M. M. Willey were devoted to the interplay of psychology and culture (#4, 77), and he later wrote on the operation of Freudian mechanisms in African and New World Negro cultures (#173), psychological mechanisms in Afroamerican cultures (#370), and more recently, with Segall and Campbell, on factors in cross-cultural perception (#417, 479). Such studies led to a general interest in education and the learning process through which both stability and change in culture are attained (#270) and which account for the importance of culture and its influence in human life (#354).

Education was by no means the only. aspect of culture which caught Herskovits' attention, for he began a continuing interest in the study of economics in the earlier part of his career. It was through Veblen that he received much of his impetus in this direction (#194), and he later discussed the cor- relations among population size, technological complexity and economic complexity (#227). His interest in economics led to discussion of the relationship between economics and anthropology (#236), and in his book The Eco- nomic Life of Primitive Peoples (#237), later revised as Economic Anthropology (#372, 390), he probed deeply into the economics of nonliterate societies. His interest in economics was later carried over into the African field where he discussed a number of problems (#367, 395, 407, 476), and a further book, Economic Transition in Africa, edited with Mitchel Harwitz, will be,published in the fall of 1963.

Herskovits' studies in the various aspects of culture were nowhere more broadly applied than in the field of aesthetics. One of his earlier articles was a review of the Negro arts in general (#68), and he always included aesthetic studies in his field research. In music, he laid down some basic principles for



90 A merican Anthropologist [66, 1964]

the study of the structure of African forms (#84, 182, 256), and he consistently pointed out the importance of music in Afroamerican studies (#112, 230). His recordings in Dahomey, Ashanti, Nigeria, Togoland, Suriname, Trinidad, and Brazil are of great importance to ethnomusicology. He discussed the study of Afroamerican music from a historic standpoint (#262), contributed one of the best ethnomusicological essays extant on drums, drummers and their role and function in AfroBahian cult life (#316), and collaborated with Waterman on a technical analysis of AfroBahian cult songs (#343). His materials in music consistently stressed the importance of regarding music as a cultural phenomenon rather than as an isolate (#325).

Herskovits' work in art was as intensively pursued as his studies of music, beginning with reviews of Negro art (#68) and of particular art collections (#76). A long series of articles with Frances S. Herskovits began in 1930, and concerned the results of his field studies in Suriname (#119), Dahomey (#164, 165, 260), African art (#311), Afroamerican art (#338, 437), and the anthropological study of art (#448).

Besides the study of music and art, Herskovits devoted much attention to the study of folklore, beginning with a study of myth (#107), and continuing with Kru proverbs (#126), pidgin tales from Nigeria (#132) and Ashanti (#222), Dahomean tales (#427), proverbs from Trinidad (#306), Bulu tales (#342), and Suriname folklore (#199). He emphasized the importance of folklore as an ethnographic tool (#126) and discussed research needs in the area of Negro folklore (#269). His Presidential Address to the American Folklore So- ciety in 1945 examined the historic division within the discipline and suggested that the prime study of folklore lay in the field of oral literature (#315). With Frances S. Herskovits, he undertook a probing analysis of the Oedipus complex in myth (#450), and published Dahomean Narrative (#429), which stands as one of the best studies of an African folklore ever published.

Given the scope of Herskovits' interests in anthropology, it is not surprising to find that he contributed considerable general service to the field. In 1927 he summarized the state of anthropology for Opportunity (#70); in 1944, 1945, and 1946 for the Britannica Book of the Year (#285, 300, 317); and, as Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation in Anthropology of the National Research Council, the conditions in European anthropology, in the American Anthropologist in 1945 and 1946 (#308, 314). His ten-year survey of anthropology for the Encyclopcedia Britannica in 1947 is a further contribution to the history of the field (#327). He discussed the development of Americanist research (#369), made a rather general survey of trends in anthropological theory (#440), contributed material on the early days of Boas at Columbia (#433) and on Boas's Arctic expedition (#421). He wrote a devoted biography of Franz Boas: The Science of Man in the Making (#382), discussed problems of graduate training in anthropology (#339), and in an unpublished paper, the mutual inter-influences of various theoretical positions in anthropology. He was editor of the International Directory of Anthropologists (#349), a pioneer in Northwestern University's integrated social science unit



Obituaries 91

program (#324), and in its interdisciplinary introductory course in anthropology, sociology and psychology. He was a Guggenheim Memorial Fellow (1937- 38), chairman of innumerable committees, member of the Permanent Council of the International Anthropology Congress, editor of the American Anthro-

pologist (1949-52), President of the American Folklore Society (1945), member of the National Academy of Sciences, and the recipient of official decorations from the governments of Haiti and the Netherlands.

In looking at this enormously varied and productive career in anthro-

pology, it is almost impossible to believe that Herskovits had time for anything but his work. Yet he was a devoted teacher, and his pride and interest in the many students who took their doctorates under him never flagged. In a real sense, Continuity and Change in African Cultures, a group of essays by some of those students which he edited with Bascom (#435), is a monument to the impact of his teaching; for the points of view expressed are remarkably cohesive. In anthropology, as in his daily life and outlook, he was an intensely human being who saw people as people, whether graduate students, col- leagues, or Africans. He insisted on the broad view of anthropology, and never deviated from the basic proposition that behind every manifestation of culture were individuals, working, playing, thinking, acting and reacting, and it was to an understanding of this human behavior that he devoted the energies of a lifetime.

ALAN P. MERRIAM

Indiana University

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MELVILLE J. HERSKOVITS

Compiled by Anne Moneypenny and Barrie Thorne

1920 1. Mediocrite jusqu'a fin! (letter to the Editor). The Freeman 2, no. 39:307. 1923 2. President Lowell and Anatole France (letter to the editor). The Nation CXVI, no.

3003 :96. 3. Review of Early civilisation by A. A. Goldenweiser. Anthropology since Morgan.

Liberator, p. 28, Feb., 1923. 4. A note on the psychology of servitude (with M. M. Willey) (published as Servitude

and progress). Journal of Social Forces I, no. 3:228-234. 5. Review of Man and culture by Clark Wissler. Culture the ubiquitous. The Literary

Review, New York Evening Post, p. 764, June 16, 1923. 6. Review of A history of magic and experimental science by Lynn Thorndike. Science

and magic. New York Call Magazine, p. 3, July 15, 1923. 7. Review (unsigned) of Development of social theory by James P. Lichtenberger. The

Nation CXVII, no. 3029:95. 8. Review of The evolution and progress of mankind by Hermann Klaatsch. Man and his

forebears. Freeman 7, no. 178:525. 9. Review of The racial history of mankind by Roland B. Dixon. The races of mankind.

New York Call Magazine, p. 11, Aug. 19, 1923. 10. The cultural approach to sociology (with M. M. Willey), The American Journal of

Sociology XX IX: 188-199. 11. Review of Excavations at Kerma by G. A. Reisner. (Harvard African Studies, vol. V,

VI). An outpost of Egypt. Literary Review, New York Evening Post, p. 85, Sept. 29, 1923.



92 American A nthropologist [66, 1964] 12. Review (unsigned) of Beethoven Association Concert. New York Evening Mail, p. 10,

col. 4, Nov. 27, 1923. 13. Some property concepts and marriage customs of the Vandau. American Anthropolo-

gist 25:376-386. 14. Review of Primitive mentality by Lucien Levy-Bruhl. Primitive mentality? The Na-

tion CXVII, no. 3049:689-690. 15. Review of The Bakitara and The Banyankole by John Roscoe, Pts. I and II. The Re-

port of the Mackaye Ethnological Expedition to Central Africa. African tribal life. The Freeman 8, no. 197:358-59.

1924 16. Review (unsigned) of Philharmonic Orchestra Concert. New York Evening Mail, p. 20, Jan. 9, 1924.

17. Review of Anthropology by Alfred L. Kroeber. Prehistory. The New Republic XXXVIII, no. 482:25-26.

18. Review of Psychology and primitive culture by F. C. Bartlett. An introduction to social

psychology. New Republic XXXVIII, no. 485:101-102. 19. What is a race? The American Mercury II, no. 6:207-210. 20. A test of the Downey Will-Temperament Test. Journal of Applied Psychology

VIII: 75-88. 21. The racial hysteria. Opportunity II, no. 18:166-168. 22. A preliminary consideration of the culture areas of Africa. American Anthropologist

26:50-64. 23. Extremes and means in racial interpretations. Journal of Social Forces II1:550-51. 24. Review of American Labor Year Book 1923-24. Journal of Social Forces 11:754-55. 25. Review of Report of the Mackie Ethnological Expedition to Central Africa, vols. 1-3

by John Roscoe; Religion of lower races, as Bantu by E. W. Smith. Journal of Social Forces II, no. 5:774-76.

26. Review of The Bagesu and other tribes of the Uganda Protectorate by John Roscoe, Pt. III. The Report of the Mackie Ethnological Expedition to Central Africa. The African at home. The Nation CXIX, no. 3081:100-01.

27. What your child learns (with M. M. Willey). The Nation CXIX, no. 3089:282-84. 28. Some observations on the growth of colored boys. American Journal of Physical

Anthropology 7:439-46. 1925 29. Review of Children of the sun by W. J. Perry. Ethnology gone mad. Literary Review,

New York Evening Post, p. 14, Jan. 31, 1925. 30. Brains and the immigrant. The Nation CXX, no. 3110:139-141. 31. Preliminary observations in a study of Negro-White crossing. Opportunity III, no.

27:69-74. 32. Review of Race problems in the New Africa by W. C. Willoughby. Literary Review,

New York Evening Post, Feb. 14, 1925. 33. The dilemma of social pattern. The Survey Graphic VI, no. 6:677-78. 34. Christianity and the race problem (paper based on J. H. Oldham's work of the same

title). Journal of Social Forces 111:490-92. 35. Some aspects of the anthropology of the American Negro (abstract of paper read at

meeting 17 March, 1925). Journal, Washington Academy of Sciences XV:225-6. 36. Review of Human origins by G. G. MacCurdy; Ancient hunters by L. W. J. Sollas;

The earth before history by E. Perrier, Prehistoric man by Jacques de Morgan. Pre-

history and before. The Nation CXX, no. 3127:670-72. 37. The influence of environment on a racial growth curve. School and Society XXII: 86-88. 38. The color line. The American Mercury VI, no. 22:204-208. 39. A further discussion of the variability of family strains in the Negro-White population

of New York City. Journal of American Statistical Association XX:380-89. 40. Social pattern; a methodological study. Social Forces IV:57-69. 41. The Negro's Americanism. In The New Negro (Alain Locke, ed.). New York, Charles

and Albert Boni.



Obituaries 93

42. Review of The Negro Year Book, 1925-26 (Monroe N. Work, ed.). Journal of Ameri- can Statistical Association XX:588-90.

1926 43. On the Negro-White population of New York City: The use of the variability of

family strains as an index of heterogeneity or homogeneity. Proceedings, XXIe

Congres International des Americanistes, Session de la Haye, 12-16 Aug., 1924, pp. 5-12, Jan., 1926.

44. Review of Social origins and social continuities by Alfred M. Tozzer. The unity of mankind. The Nation CXXII, no. 3160:91.

45. On the relation between Negro-White mixture and standing in intelligence tests.

Pedagogical Seminary and Journal of Genetic Psychology XXXIII:30-42. 46. It is better to receive ... ? American Hebrew CXVIII, no. 20:624-75. 47. Correlation of length and breadth of head in American Negroes. American Journal of

Physical Anthropology 9:87-97. 48. The cattle complex in East Africa. American Anthropologist 28:230-72; 361-80; 494-

528; 633-44. 49. Review of Modern immigration by A. M. MacLean. The wandering of peoples today.

Books, New York Herald Tribune, p. 9, July 25, 1926. 50. Some effects of social selection on the American Negro. Publications, American Socio-

logical Society XXXII: 77-82. 51. Review of The ancient inhabitants of the Canary Islands (Harvard African Studies,

vol. vii) by E. A. Hooton. The Canary Islanders. The Nation CXXIII: 133-34. 52. Review of The indestructible union by Wm. MacDougall. Professor MacDougall

Rationalises. Books, New York Herald-Tribune, Aug. 8, 1926. 53. Age changes in pigmentation of American Negroes. American Journal of Physical

Anthropology 9:321-27. 54. Review of The conquest of New England by the immigrants by D. C. Brewer. The

Yankee disinherited. Books, New York Herald-Tribune, p. 10, August. 23, 1926. 55. Review of The relation of nature to man in aboriginal America by Clark Wissler. Man,

nature, and culture. The Nation CXXIII, no. 3191:199. 56. The American Negro evolving a new physical type. Current History 24:898-902. 57. Review of In Sunny Nigeria by Albert D. Helser. Missionary zeal in Africa. Books,

New York Herald-Tribune, p. 12, Sept. 5, 1926. 58. Review of Historical aspects of the immigration problem by Edith Abbott. The

stranger that dwells among you. Books, New York Herald-Tribune, p. 12, Sept. 12, 1926.

59. Review of Are the Jews a race? by Karl Kautsky. A thesis book. The Menorah Journal XII, no. 4:442-45, Aug.-Sept., 1926.

60. Review of The story of man's work by Hayward and Johnson. How men work. Books, New York Herald-Tribune, p. 24, Sept. 26, 1926.

61. Does the Negro know his father? A study of Negro genealogies. Opportunity IV, no. 46:306-10.

62. Review of Primitive Negro sculpture by Paul Guillaume and Thomas Munro. African art from an ivory tower. The Arts X, no. 4:241-3, Oct., 1926.

63. Social selection in a mixed population. National Academy of Sciences Proceedings XII:587-93, Oct. 10, 1926.

64. Review of Crime and custom in savage society by B. Malinowski; and How natives think by L. Levy-Bruhl. Primitive mind and primitive legalism. The New Republic XLVII, no. 621:277.

65. Review of Tom-Tom by J. W. Vandercook. Negroes of the South American Jungles. Books, New York Herald-Tribune, p. 10, Nov. 28, 1926.

66. Review of The Negro in American life by Jerome Dowd. The "different" Negro. The Nation CXXIII, no. 3207:668-69.

67. Growth of interpupillary distance in American Negroes. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 9:467-70.



94 A merican Anthropologist [66, 19641

68. Negro art: African and American. Social Forces V :291-298. 1927 69. Review of The second book of Negro spirituals by James Weldon Johnson and Rosa-

mond Johnson. More spirituals. The New Republic XLIX, no. 632:230. 70. Anthropology and ethnology during 1926. Opportunity V, no. 1:12-13, Jan. 1927. 71. Review of Negro illegitimacy in New York City by Ruth Reed. Unmarried mothers.

Books, New York Herald-Tribune, p. 10, Jan. 9, 1927. 72. Review of Social anthropology by Geza Roheim. Anthropology a la Freud. The New

Republic XLIX, no. 634:284. 73. Variability and racial mixture. The American Naturalist LXI, no. 672:68-81, Jan.-

Feb., 1927. 74. Review of The peoples of Southern Nigeria by P. Amaury Talbot. The natives of

Southern Nigeria. Books, New York Herald-Tribune, p. 15, Jan. 23, 1927. 75. Review of The American race problem by E. B. Reuter. The Negro problem: a restate-

ment. The Nation CXXIV, no. 3223:402-03. 76. The art of the Congo. Opportunity V, no. 5:135-36, May, 1927. 77. Psychology and culture (with M. M. Willey). Psychological Bulletin XXIV:253-83. 78. When is a Jew a Jew? The Modern Quarterly IV, no. 2:109-17. 79. Review of Primitive hearths in the Pyrenees by Ruth Otis Sawtell and Ida Treat.

Adventures in prehistory. The New Republic LII, no. 677:103-04. 80. Review of Social factors in medical progress and Should we be vaccinated? by Bern-

hard J. Stern. A note on progress. The Nation CXXV, no. 3246:292. 81. Some physical characteristics of the American Negro population. Social Forces VI:93-

98. 82. The physical form and growth of the American Negro. Anthropologischer Anzeiger,

Jahrg. IV, Heft 4:293-316, 1927. 83. Review of Negro illegitimacy in New York City by Ruth Reed. Journal of the Ameri-

can Statistical Association XXII:542-44, Dec., 1927. 84. Acculturation and the American Negro. Southwestern Political and Social Science

Quarterly VIII, no. 3:211-24. 85. The Negro and the intelligence tests. Hanover, N. H., Sociological Press.

1928 86. The American Negro: A study in racial crossing. New York, A. A. Knopf, Inc. 87. Review of Religion and art in Ashanti by R. S. Rattray; and Les bas-reliefs des bati-

ments royaux d'Abomey (Dahomey) by E. G. Waterlot (illustrated). The Arts XIII, no. 2:128-130, Feb., 1928.

88. Review of The African saga by Blaise Cendrars. Literary Africa. The Nation CXXVI, no. 3273:351-52.

89. Review of Temperament and race by S. D. Porteus and Marjorie Babcock. The Jewish Social Quarterly IV, no. 3:271-72, March, 1928.

90. Exception taken. Saturday Review of Literature IV, no. 44, May 26, 1928. 91. The nature of primitive art (illustrated). The Arts XIV, no. 1:47-50, July, 1928. 92. Review of The racial elements of European history by Hans F. K. Gunther. Reduction

ad absurdum. The New Republic LVI, no. 716:25-26. 93. Review of Negro problems in cities by T. J. Woofter, Jr. Journal of American Statisti-

cal Association XXIII: Sept., 1928. 94. Review of Folk beliefs of the Southern Negro by N. N. Puckett. Journal of American

Folk-Lore XLL:310-12. 1929 95. Preliminary report of an ethnological expedition to Suriname, 1928. De West-

Indische Gids, no. IX:385-90, January, 1929. 96. Review of The magic island by W. B. Seabrook. Lo, the poor Haitian. The Nation

CXXVIII, no 3319:198-200. 97. Review of Black treasure by Basil Mathews; Sons of Africa by Georgian Gollock; and

The call drum by Entwistle and Harris. Missionaries in Africa. The Nation CXXVIII, no. 3324:349.



Obituaries 95

98. A trip to "Africa" in the New World (illustrated). Northwestern University Alumni News VIII, no. 6:10-12, April, 1929.

99. Review of Rope and faggot, a biography of Judge Lynch by Walter White. Lynching, an American pastime. The Nation CXXVIII, no. 3332:588.

100. Social selection and the formation of human types. Human Biology 1, no 2:250-62. 101. Race relations in the United States, 1928. American Journal of Sociology XXXIV:

1129-39. 102. Adjiboto, an African game of the Bush-Negroes of Dutch Guiana (illustrated). Man

XXIX: 122-27. 103. Review of A bibliography of the Negro in Africa and America by Monroe N. Work;

and The American Negro (The Annals, American Academy of Political and Social Science CXXX). American Anthropologist 31:525-28.

104. The civilizations of prehistory. In Man and his world, edited by Baker Brownell; vol.

IV, Making mankind, by Wissler, Cole, McGovern, Herskovits, and Schevill. New

York, D. Van Nostrand Co. 105. Wisdom from Africa. (In Memoriam, Sie Tagbwe). The Crisis 36, no. 9:306-07:322,

Sept., 1929. 106. Review of Some Nigerian fertility cults by P. Amaury Talbot. American Anthropolo-

gist XXXI: 796-99. 107. A note on present day myth (with Morris J. Rogers, Jr.). Journal of American Folk-

Lore XLII, no. 163:73-75, Jan.-March, 1929 (issued Oct., 1929). 1930 108. Review of Olden times in Zululand and Natal by A. T. Bryant. The Annals, American

Academy of Political and Social Science CXLVII:22-26. 109. The second Northwestern University expedition for the study of the Suriname Bush-

Negroes, 1929. De West-Indische Gids, jaarg, XI, no. 9:393-402, Jan. 1930. 110. Intermarriage between races: a eugenic or dysgenic force? (a symposium). Eugenics

III:59-60. 111. The culture areas of Africa. Africa 111:59-77. 112. The Negro in the New World: the statement of a problem. American Anthropologist

XXXII: 145-55. 113. Methods of determining prehistoric chronology. Illinois State Academy of Science

Proceedings XXII:72-78, 1930 (for 1929 meeting). 114. Race relations, 1929. American Journal of Sociology XXXV: 1052-62. 115. Review of People of the small arrow by J. H. Driberg. Primitive man in fiction. The

New Freeman 1, no. 12:287, June 4, 1930. 116. Review of Black genesis by Samuel G. Stoney and Gertrude M. Shelby. The Annals

CL:313-14, July, 1930. 117. Review of Lobagola, an African savage's own story by Beta Kindai Amgoza Ibn

Lobagola. The primitive "imagination." The Nation CXXXI, no. 3394:102-03. 118. Anthropometry. Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, II:110-12. New York, The

Macmillan Co. 119. Bush-Negro art (with Frances S. Herskovits) (illustrated). The Arts XVII, no. 1:25-

37, 48-49. 120. Felix von Luschans Messungen Amerikansicher Neger. Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie,

Jahrg. LXI, Heft 4/6:337-63. 121. The Anthropometry of the American Negro. Columbia University Contributions to

Anthropology XI:283, xiv. New York, Columbia University Press. 122. Review of Hebrewisms in West Africa by Joseph J. Williams. The wanderings of

Hebrew culture. B'nai B'rith Magazine XLV, no. 3:107, Dec., 1930. 123. The social organisation of the Bush-Negroes of Suriname. Proceedings, XXIII Inter-

national Congress of Americanists (New York, 1928). 124. Broca, Pierre-Paul. Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences III:7. New York, Macmillan

Co.




125. Review of Von Steele und Antlitz der Rassen und Volker by Ludwig Ferdinand Clauss. Books Abroad IV, no. 4:335-36. Oct., 1930.

126. Kru proverbs (with Sie Tagbwe). Journal of American Folklore 43:225-93. 127. Review of Black roadways, a study of Jamaican folk-life by Martha Warren Beckwith.

Journal of American Folklore 43:332-38. 1931 128. Review of Growing up in New Guinea by Margaret Mead. Primitive childhood. The

Nation CXXXII, no. 3422:131-32. 129. On the provenience of the Portuguese in Saramacca Tongo. De West-Indische Gids

XII:545-57. 130. Domestication. Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences V:206-08. New York, Mac-

millan Co., 1931. 131. Review of The Negroes of Africa by M. Delafosse; Djuka, the Bush Negroes of Dutch

Guinea by M. Kahn; and Jungle ways by W. B. Seabrook. Books about Negroes. The Nation CXXXIII, no. 3445:68-69.

132. Tales in Pigdin English from Nigeria (with Frances S. Herskovits). Journal of Ameri- can Folklore 44:448-66.

133. The New World Negro as an anthropological problem. Man XXXI:68-69. 134. Review of Ancient Life in the American Southwest by E. E. Hewett. Mississippi

Valley Historical Review XVIII, no. 1:72-73, June, 1931. 135. The physical form of Mississippi Negroes (with Vivian K. Cameron and Harriet

Smith). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 16:193-201. 136. Review of Akan-Ashanti folk-tales by R. S. Rattray. Journal of American Folklore

44:307-09. 1932 137. Review of Chaka, an historical romance by Thomas Mofolo. African biography. The

Nation CXXXIV, no. 3473:119-20. 138. Race relations, 1931. American Journal of Sociology XXXVI:976-82. 139. Review of The Zimbabwe culture by G. Caton-Thompson. American Journal of

Sociology XXXVII: 1012-13. 140. Population statistics in the kingdom of Dahomey. Human Biology 4:252-61. 141. Review of Lewis Henry Morgan: social evolutionist by Bernhard J. Stern. A pioneer

anthropologist. The Nation CXXXIV, no. 3492:657-58. 142. Review of The Khoisan peoples of South Africa, Bushmen and Hottentots by I.

Shapera. American Anthropologist 34:524-27. 143. Review of The Negro year book, 1931-32 (Monroe N. Work, ed.). American Anthropol-

ogist 34:528-30. 144. Some aspects of Dahomean ethnology (illustrated). Africa V:266-96. 145. Review of The social life of monkeys and apes by S. Zuckerman. Simian social life. The

Nation CXXXV, no. 3503:178. 146. Review of The remaking of man in Africa by J. H. Oldham and B. D. Gibson. Re-

ligious Education XXVII, no. 7:660-61, Sept., 1932. 147. Wari in the New World (illustrated). Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute

LXII: 23-37. 148. Review of L'ere des Negriers 1714-1774 by Gaston Martin. American Journal of

Sociology XXXVIII: 291-92. 149. Review of Sorcerers of Dobu by R. F. Fortune. Melanesian poets and poisoners. The

Nation CXXXV, no. 3508:288-289. 1933 150. Training for racial bigotry. In Developing attitudes in children. Proceedings, Mid-

West Conference, Chicago Association for Child Study and Parent Education, Uni- versity of Chicago Press.

151. Review of The changing culture of an Indian tribe by Margaret Mead. Mississippi Valley Historical Review XIX, no. 4:594-95, March, 1933.

152. Review of History, psychology and culture by Alexander Goldenweiser. The analysis of culture. The Nation CXXXVI, no. 3535:379.

153. Race relations in 1932. American Journal of Sociology XXXVIII:913-21.



Obituaries 97

154. A footnote to the history of Negro slaving (with Frances S. Herskovits). Opportunity XI, no. 6:178-81, June, 1933.

155. Review of Tribes of the Rif by Carleton C. Coon (Harvard African Studies IX). American Anthropologist 35:373-77.

156. Man, the speaking animal. Sigma Xi Quarterly XXI, no. 2:67-82. 157. Review of Life in Lesu by Hortense Powdermaker. The Melanesian woman. The Na-

tion CXXXVI, no. 3547:732. 158. Review of Congo solo, misadventures two degrees north by Emily Hahn. Then I saw

the Congo ... The Nation CXXXVII, no. 3557:277. 159. Haiti (Ethnologia). Enciclopedia Italiana XVIII:318-19. Milano, Edizioni Instituto

G. Treccani, 1933. 160. An outline of Dahomean religious belief (with Frances S. Herskovits). American

Anthropological Association, Memoir 41, p. 77. Menasha, Wisconsin, 1933. 161. Review of Nuer customs and folklore by Huffman; Chaka by T. Mofolo; The BaVenda

by H. S. Stayt; Tales told in Togoland by A. C. Cardinall. Journal of American Folk- lore 46:191-94.

162. On the provenience of New World Negroes. Social Forces XII:247-62. 1934 163. Review of The conquest of a continent, or the expansion of races in America by Madi-

son Grant. Homo Nordicus, ... U. S. A. The Nation CXXXVIII, no. 3575:49. 164. The art of Dahomey (illustrated): I. Brass-casting and applique cloths (with Frances

S. Herskovits). The American Magazine of Art XXVII, no. 2:67-76, Feb., 1934. 165. The art of Dahomey (illustrated): II. Wood carving (with Frances S. Herskovits).

The American Magazine of Art XXVII, no. 3:124-31, March, 1934. 166. The best friend in Dahomey. In Negro, an anthology (Nancy Cunard, ed.).

London, Wishart & Co. 167. En marge de l'histoire de l'esclavage negre (with Frances S. Herskovits). Le Releve

(Port-au-Prince, Haiti) e annee, no. 11:8-17, May, 1934 (translation of #154, by Dr.

Price-Mars). 168. Rebel destiny, among the Bush Negroes of Dutch Guiana (with Frances S. Hersko-

vits) (illustrated). New York, Whittlesey House. 169. Walter E. Roth. American Anthropologist 36: 266-70. 170. Race Mixture. Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences XIII:41-43. New York, The

Macmillan Co. 171. Retzius, Anders Adolf. Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences XIII:357. New York,

The Macmillan Co. 172. A critical discussion of the "mulatto hypothesis," Journal of Negro Education III,

no. 1:389-402. 173. Freudian mechanisms in primitive Negro psychology. In Essays presented to C. G.

Seligman. London, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. 174. Review of Social organization and ceremonial institutions of the Bomvana by P. N. W.

Cook; Proverbs et maximes peuls et toucouleurs by H. Gauden; Das Alte Konigreich Kongo by A. Ihle; Zuge aus der politischen Organisation afrikanischer Volker und Staaten by G. Spannus. American Anthropologist 36: 466-69.

175. Un manuscrit de 1690 sur la Guyane-Francaise (with J. L. C. van Panhuys and N. A.

Mordini). Verh. des XXIV Int. Amerikanisten-Kongresses, 1930, pp. 26-31. Ham-

burg, 1934. 176. Review of Patterns of culture by Ruth Benedict. Three types of civilization. Books,

New York Herald-Tribune, p. 6, Oct. 28, 1934. 177. Race crossing and human heredity. The Scientific Monthly XXXIX, no. 6:540-44.

178. Review of The African today by D. Westermann; The African labourer by G. St. J. Orde Browne. American Anthropologist 36: 602-04.

179. Some neglected concepts in the study of primitive economics (abstract). Proceedings, Congress Int. des Sciences Anthropologiques, p. 288, London, 1934.




1935 180. Before the machine age. Northwestern University Alumni News XIV, no. 6:5, 24, March, 1935.

181. Social history of the Negro (illustrated). Chapter 7 In Handbook of social psychology (Carl Murchison, ed.) Worcester, Mass., Clark University Press.

182. What has Africa given America? The New Republic LXXXIV, no. 1083:92-94. 183. Review of Voodoo fire in Haiti by Richard A. Loederen. Voodoo Nonsense. The Nation

CXLI, no. 3662:308. 184. Review of Modern Samoa: Its government and changing life by Felix M. Keesing;

Taming Philippine headhunters by F. M. and Marie Keesing; The origins of international rivalry in Samoa by Sylvia Masterman. The Annals, American Academy of Political and Social Science CLXXXI:218-19.

185. A memorandum for the study of acculturation (with R. Redfield and R. Linton). Man XXXV, no. 162:145-48. American Journal of Sociology XLI:366-70. American

Anthropologist 38:149-52. Africa IX: 114-18. Oceania VI:229-33. 186. Review of African dances by Geoffrey Gorer. African travelogue. The New Republic

LXXXV, no. 1094:52. 187. Review of Anthropology in action by G. Gordon Brown and A. McD. Hutt. The

Annals, American Academy of Political and Social Science CLXXXII:232-33. 188. Procedencia dos negros do Novo Mundo. Estudos Afro-Brasileiros, Trabalhos apre-

sentados ao 10 Congresso Afro-Brasileiro reunido no Recife em 1934, Vol. I. Rio de

Janeiro, Ariel, Editora Ltda., pp. 195-97. (abstract of #164). 189. A arte de bronze e do panna em Dahome. Estudos Afro-Brasileiros, vol. 2, pp. 227-35.

Rio, Ariel, Editora Ltda. (Translated by Luiz Jardim; #164). 1936 190. The significance of West Africa for Negro research. The Journal of Negro History

XXI, no. 1:15-30, Jan., 1936. 191. Review of Race differences by Otto Klineberg. The problem of race. The New Republic

LXXXVI, no. 1109:116-18. 192. Applied anthropology and the American anthropologists (Vice-presidential address,

A. A. A. S., Section H. St. Louis, Jan. 3, 1935). Science LXXXIII, no. 2149:215-22. 193. Review of Crossroads of the Caribbean Sea by Hendrik de Leeuw. Journey for jour-

ney's sake. The Nation CXLII, no. 3693:489. 194. The significance of Thorstein Veblen for anthropology. American Anthropologist

38:351-53. 195. Review of Die Baja by G. Tessmann; Die Nyamwezi by Wilhelm Blohm. American

Anthropologist 38:324-25. 196. Review of Primitives and the supernatural by L. Levy-Bruhl. Primitives as people.

The New Republic LXXXVI, no. 1116:322. 197. Review of A hundred years of anthropology by T. K. Penniman. The Annals, American

Academy of Political and Social Science CLXXXV:260-61. 198. Review of Alien Americans by B. Schrieke. Through alien eyes. The Nation CXLII, no.

3704:850-51. 199. Suriname folklore, with transcriptions of Suriname songs and musicological analysis

by Dr. M. Kolinski (with Frances S. Herskovits). Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology XXVII:766, xxii. New York, Columbia University Press.

1937 200. Life in a Haitian valley (illustrated). New York, A. A. Knopf, Inc. 201. Review of The Negro question in the United States by James S. Allen. The Annals,

American Academy of Political and Social Science, CXC:243-44. 202. Review of The African background by Carter Woodson. The Annals, American

Academy of Political and Social Science 2CXC:46-47. 203. Review of Mitla, town of souls by Elsie Clews Parsons. The Annals, American Acad-

emy of Political and Social Sciences CXC:247-48. 204. Review of Die schwartze Frau im Wandel Afrikas by Hilde Thurnwald. The Annals,

American Academy of Political and Social Sciences CXC:248-49.



Obituaries 99

205. The significance of the study of acculturation for anthropology. American Anthropol- ogist 39:259-64.

206. The contribution of anthropology to education and social progress. Progressive Education Booklet No. 5, pp. 47-52. Columbus, Ohio, American Education Press.

207. Review of Middletown in transition by R. S. Lynd and H. M. Lynd. American micro- cosm. The Nation CXLIV, no. 17:474, 476.

208. The Negro in the United States (radio talk delivered over BBC, June 22, 1937). The Listener XVII, no. 442:1290-91, 1320.

209. A note on "woman marriage" in Dahomey. Africa X:335-41. 210. Letter to the editor concerning the review of Hurston's "Men and mules" by J. J.

Williams. Folk-Lore XLVIII:219-21. 211. Review of The savage hits back by J. E. Lips. To see oursel's. The Nation CXLV, no.

15:382. 212. African gods and Catholic saints in New World Negro belief. American Anthropologist

39:635-43. 213. Review of Black and White in East Africa by R. G. Thurnwald; Die Glidyi-Ewe in

Togo by D. Westermann; The social system of the Zulus by E. J. Krige. American

Anthropologist 39:690-92. 214. Review of Savage civilization by Tom Harrisson. The White man's burden. The New

Republic LXXXXII, no. 1195: 348, 350. 215. Review of Race: a study in modern superstition by J. Barzun; Primitive intelligence

and environment by S. D. Porteus. On race thinking. The Nation CXLV, no. 18:480. 216. Physical types of West African Negroes. Human Biology 9, no. 4:483-97. 217. The Ashanti Ntoro: a re-examination. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute

LXVII:287-96, Jul.-Dec., 1937. 218. Dahomey, an ancient West African kingdom, vol. I and vol. II (illustrated). New

York, J. J. Augustin. 219. Letter to the editor concerning article on Mweso by Wayland. Uganda Journal V:51,

July, 1937. 1938 220. African ethnology and the New World Negro (summary of a communication pre-

sented before the R. A. I., Dec. 14, 1937). Man XXXVIII, no. 5:9-10. 221. Review of Primitive religion by Paul Radin. Religion and society. The New Republic

LXXXXIII, no. 1207:317. 222. Tales in Pidgin English from Ashanti (with Frances S. Herskovits). Journal of

American Folklore 51:52-101. (issued Feb., 1938). 223. Acculturation, the study of culture contact. New York, J. J. Augustin. 224. Review of Heredity and politics by J. B. S. Haldane. Whither eugenics. The Nation

CXLVI, no. 20:563-64. 225. The ancestry of the American Negro. The American Scholar 8:84-94, Winter, 1938-

39. 226. The background of Negro prejudice (contribution to a symposium in connection with

interracial meetings at Northwestern University). Daily Northwestern, Dec. 7, 1938. 227. The economic surplus and its disposal: a problem in primitive economics. Proceedings,

Congres International de Sciences Anthropologiques et Ethnologiques, deuxieme Session, pp. 222-23. Copenhagen.

228. Les noirs du Nouveau Monde: sujet de recherches africanistes. Journal de la Societe des Africanistes VII, no. 1:65-82.

1939 229. Robert Sutherland Rattray. American Anthropologist 41:130-31. 230. Some recent development in the study of West African native life. Journal of Negro

History XXIV, no. 1:14-32. 231. Review of Tell my horse by Zora Hurston; A puritan in voodoo land by Edna Taft.

More Haitian "adventures." The Nation CXLVIII, no. 14:385-86.




232. Review of Methods of study of culture contact in Africa by various authors. American

Anthropologist 41: 503-04. 233. Review of Black folk-then and now by W. E. B. Dubois. Negro history. New Repub-

lic LXXXXX, no. 1289:55-56. 234. Review of After freedom, a cultural study in the deep South by Hortense Powder-

maker. Cottonville and the race problem. The Nation CXLIX, no. 12:298-99. 235. The numerical system of the Kru. Man XXXIX, no. 148:154-55.

1940 236. Anthropology and economics. Journal of Social Philosophy 5, no. 2:127-42. 237. The economic life of primitive peoples. New York, A. A. Knopf, Inc. 238. Review of The Negro family in the United States by E. Franklin Frazier. The Ameri-

can Negro family. The Nation CL, no. 4:104-05. 239. The Negro in American literature-past and future. In Fighting words (Donald

Ogden Stewart, ed.). New York, Harcourt, Brace & Co. 240. Review of The American race problem by E. B. Reuter. American Journal of Sociology

XLV:801-04. 241. Review of Haiti singing by Harold Courlander. Saturday Review of Literature XXII,

no. 4:19. 242. Some comments by Professor Herskovits (letter to the editor re Brearley's article

"Ba-ad Nigger"). South Atlantic Quarterly XXXIX, no. 3:350-51, July, 1940. 243. Deuses Africanos e santos Catholicos nas Crencas do Negro do Novo Mundo. O

Negro no Brasil, Trabalhos apresentados ao 20 Congresso Afro-Brasileiro (Bahia). Rio de Janeiro, Bibl. de Divulgacao Sci.

244. Review of Land, labour and diet in Northern Rhodesia by A. I. Richards. American

Anthropologist 42:676-79. 245. Review of The origin of the inequality of the social classes by G. Landtman. American

Anthropologist 42:692-94. 246. Foreword to Noel P. Gist, Secret societies: a cultural study of fraternalism in the

United States. University of Missouri XV, no. 4:5-8, Oct., 1940. 247. Review of The Negro family in the United States by F. Frazier. Man XL: 190.

1941 248. Some comments on the study of cultural contact. American Anthropologist 431:1-10. 249. Review of Race: science and politics by R. F. Benedict. Jewish Social Studies III:213-

14, April, 1941. 250. Economics and anthropology: a rejoinder. Journal of Political Economy XLIX:269-

78. 251. Review of African majesty by F. C. E. Egerton. American Sociological Review

VI:422-23. 252. Review of Gullah Negro life in the Carolina Sea Islands by Mason Crum. American

Sociological Review VI:423-24. 253. Charles Gabriel Seligman. American Anthropologist 43:423-24. 254. Review of African political systems edited by M. Fortes and E. E. Evans-Pritchard.

American Anthropologist 43:465-68. 255. Review of The cultural approach to history by Caroline F. Ware (ed.). The Annals,

American Academy of Political and Social Science CCXVI:217-18. 256. Patterns of Negro music. Transactions, Illinois State Academy of Science XXXIV:

19-23, Sept., 1941. 257. Review of The cultural historical method of ethnology by Wilhelm Schmidt American

Journal of Sociology XLVII:218. 258. The interdisciplinary aspects of Negro studies (M. J. Herskovits, ed.). American

Council of Learned Societies, bull. 32, p. 111, Sept., 1941. 259. O problema da raca no mundo moderno. Revista do Brasil VI, no. 40:97-108, Oct.,

1941. 260. Symbolism in Dahomean art (illustrated). Man XLI: 117 and pl. F, Nov.-Dec., 1941. 261. O Negro do novo mundo como um Tema para Pesaquisa Cietifica. Revista do Brasil

IV, no. 41:42-58, Nov., 1941.



Obituaries 101

262. El estudio de la musica negra en el hemisferio occidental. Boletin Latino Americano de Musica. Montevideo, Inst. Interamericano de Musicologia, tomo V, pp. 133-42, Oct., 1941.

1942 263. The myth of the Negro past. New York, Harper and Bros. 264. On the values in culture. The Scientific Monthly LIV, no. 6:557-60. 265. Review of Negroes in Brazil by Donald Pierson. The Baian Negro. The Inter-American

Monthly 1, no. 8:34-35, Dec., 1942. 266. Que foi que a Africa deu a America? Pensamento da America, suppl. of "A Manha,"

Rio de Janeiro, no. 9, p. 163, Sept. 27, 1942. 267. O Negro do novo mundo. A Vida Intelectual nos Estados Unidos, Sao Paulo, Editora

Universitaria, pp. 205-26. 1943 268. The Negroes of Brazil (with Frances S. Herskovits). Yale Review XXXII, no. 2:263-

79. 269. Some next steps in the study of Negro folklore. Jorrnal of American Folklore 56:1-7. 270. Education and cultural dynamics. American Journal of Sociology XLVIII: 737-49. 271. Franz Boas as physical anthropologist. American Anthropologist 45:39-51 (Memoir

Series, no. 51). 272. The Negro in Bahia, Brazil: a problem in method. American Sociological Review

VIII: 394-402. 273. Allied policies of occupation (with Henry S. Bloch, Curtis MacDoughall and James

McBurney). Northwestern University Reviewing Stand, N. U. on the Air I, no. 14, Aug., 1943.

274. Pesquisas etnologicas na Bahia. Publicoes do Museu da Bahia, no. 3. Sec. de Educacao e Sa-tde, p. 28.

275. Problema e metodo em anthropologia cultural. Sociologia (Sao Paulo) V, no. 2:97- 115, May, 1943.

276. The southernmost outposts of New World Africanisms. American Anthropologist 45, no. 4, pl. 1:495-510. Reprinted in translation as O extremo sul dos Africanismos no Novo Mundo. Annais da Fac. de Educ., Ciencias e Letras de Porto Alegre, pp. 107-28 (translated by Elpidio Pais).

277. Review of The Italianization of African natives by R. R. de Marco. American Socio- logical Review VIII, no. 6:738.

278. Tradicoes e modos de vida dos Africanos na Baia (report of field-work in Brazil submitted to the Conselho de Fiscalizacao das Expedicoes Artisticas e Cientificas). Pensamento da America, suppl. of A Manha, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 147-48, 159, Nov. 26, 1943.

1944 279. Race: fact and fiction. Motive IV, no. 4:4-5, Jan., 1944. 280. Africa and the colonial problem (a communication). New Republic CX, no. 1526:280-

81. 281. Nazi ideology (with Kenneth Olson, Rollin Posey, Franklin Scott and Clarence

Peters). Northwestern University Reviewing Stand, N. U. on the Air II, no. 15, Feb. 6, 1944.

282. Native self-government. Foreign Affairs 22, no. 3:413-23. 283. The American race problem. Chicago Jewish Forum II, no. 3:158-60. 284. Review of Top hats and tom-toms by Elizabeth Dearmin Furbay. Annals, American

Academy of Political and Social Science CCXXII: 196-97. 285. Anthropology. Britannica Book of the Year, pp. 64-65, 1944. 286. Dramatic expression among primitive peoples. Yale Review XXXIII, no. 4:683-98. 287. The future of the colonial system (with Margery Perham, W. S. Stokes and C. A.

Peters). Northwestern University Reviewing Stand, N. U. on the Air III, no. 6, June 4, 1944.

288. Review of The Nuer: a description of the modes of livelihood and political institutions of a Nilotic people by E. E. Evans-Pritchard. American Anthropologist 46, no. 3:396- 400.




289. Comparative studies in human biology. Science C, no. 2586:50-51. 290. Review of Without bitterness by A. A. Nwafor Orizu. Africa speaks-for itself. The

New Republic CXI, no. 16:500-01. 291. Os pontos mais meridionais dos Africanismos do Novo Mundo. Revista do Arqu.

Municipal XCV (Sao Paulo), pp. 81-99, April, 1944. 292. Review of The biology of the Negro by Julian H. Lewis. The United States, 1865-

1900, A Survey of Current Literature, vol. 11:92-94. Hayes Foundation, 1944. 1945 293. Review of A scientific theory of culture and other essays by B. Malinowski. On the

study of human culture. The Yale Review XXXIV no. 2:377-78. 294. The processes of cultural change. In The science of man in the world crisis (R. Linton,

ed.). New York, Columbia University Press. 295. Are all men created equal? "Round table" symposium with W. T. Couch. Negro

Digest III, no. 3:36-38, Jan., 1945. 296. Review of The people of Alor, a social-psychological study of an East Indian island by

Cora DuBois. The Annals, The American Academy of Political and Social Science CCXXXVII: 243.

297. What the Negro wants (with E. R. Embree, R. Weaver and J. H. McBurney). Northwestern University Reviewing Stand, N. U. on the Air IV, no. 12, Feb. 4, 1945.

298. Review of Black gods of the metropolis by A. H. Fauset. The Review of Religion IV, no. 2:186-89, Jan., 1945.

299. On "racial differences." Science CI:200. 300. Anthropology. Britannica Book of the Year, pp. 54-55, 1945. 301. Review of The succession of the Bemba chiefs by W. V. Brelsford. American Anthropol-

ogist 47:305-07. 302. Peoples and cultures (of the Belgian Congo). In Belgium (Jan-Albert Goris, ed.),

pp. 353-65. Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press, 1945. Reprinted in translation as Los pueblos y sus culturas (del Congo Belga). Chapter XXIV In

Belgica (J. Goris, ed.) Mexico, Editorial Jus, 1947. 303. Translation of On the Amaziado relationship and other aspects of the family in Recife

(Brazil) by Rene Ribeiro. American Sociological Review X:44-51. 304. Review of Color and democracy: colonies and peace by W. E. B. Dubois. Democracy-

for whom? New Republic CXIII, no. 1598:84-85. 305. Review of The dynamics of culture change by B. Malinowski. From functionalism

to cultural dynamics. The Scientific Monthly LXI, no. 3:237-38. 306. Trinidad proverbs ("old time saying so"). Journal of American Folklore 58:195-207. 307. The myths of prejudice. Home front unity, Proceedings of the Chicago Conference on

Home Front Unity, pp. 13-17. Chicago, May-June, 1945. Reprinted in The Church Woman XI, no. 8:3-6, Oct., 1945.

308. Anthropology during the war. I. France. American Anthropologist 47:639-41. 309. Review of The governing of men by Alexander H. Leighton. Anthropology and the

problems of human adjustment. The Scientific Monthly LXI:389-92. 310. Problem, method and theory in Afroamerican studies. Afroamerica, vol. 1, nos.

1-2:5-24, Jan.-July, 1945. Reprinted in Phylon VII, no. 4:337-54. 1946 311. Backgrounds of African art (Cooke-Daniels Lectures, delivered in Jan.-Feb., 1945

at the Denver Art Museum). Denver, Jan., 1946. 312. Review of Gumbo Ya-Ya, a collection of Louisiana folk tales compiled by Lyle Saxon,

Edward Dreyer and Robert Tallant. Louisiana miscellany. Phylon VII:95-96. 313. Review of Man's most dangerous myth: the fallacy of race by Ashley Montagu.

American Anthropologist 48:267-68. 314. Anthropology during the war. IV. Belgium and Holland. American Anthropologist

48:301-04. 315. Folklore after a hundred years: a problem in redefinition. Journal of American Folk-

lore 59:89-100.



Obituaries 103

316. Drums and drummers in Afro-Brazilian cult life (illustrated). The Musical Quarterly XXX, no. 4:477-92, Oct., 1944. Reprinted in translation as Tambores e tamborileiros no culto afrobrasileiro. Boletin Latino Americano de Musica VI:99-112. Rio de Janeiro, April, 1946.

317. Anthropology. Britannica Book of the Year, pp. 55-57, 1946. Reprinted in translation as Din v'chesbon ben-leum al ha antropologia b-1945 (International survey of anthropology in 1945). Edoth (Communities), Journal of the Palestine Institute of Folklore and Ethnology 1:292-96.

318. Review of Mainsprings of civilization by Ellsworth Huntington. American Anthropol- ogist 48:457-59.

319. African literature. In Encyclopedia of literature (Joseph T. Shipley, ed.), vol. I, pp. 3-15. New York, 1946.

320. A reply to Dr. Ashley Montagu. American Anthropologist 48:667. 321. The limits of skepticism (with Bergen Evans, H. R. Rall, and J. H. McBurney).

Northwestern University Reviewing Stand, N. U. on the Air VII, no. 22, Nov. 3, 1946.

322. Trinidad village (with Frances S. Herskovits) (illustrated). New York, A. A. Knopf, Inc.

1947 323. Brotherhood: pattern for peace. Chicago Sun, p. 22, Feb. 17, 1947. 324. The social science units of the Northwestern University liberal arts program. Journal

of General Education I, no. 3:216-23, April, 1947. 325. Afro-Bahian religious songs; folk-music of Brazil (with Frances S. Herskovits).

Pamphlet accompanying Album XIII, Library of Congress, Recording Laboratory, Music Division, pp. 15, Washington, 1947.

326. The definition of ethnological terms. Man XLVII, no. 82:80. 327. Anthropology: ten eventful years. Encyclopedia Brittanica I, pp. 120-26. Chicago,

1947. 1948 328. The contribution of Afroamerican studies to Africanist research. American Anthro-

pologist 50 :1-10. 329. Review of The City of women by Ruth Landis. American Anthropologist 50:123-25. 330. Man and his works (illustrated). New York, A. A. Knopf, Inc. 331. Just what is democracy? (with Malcolm Dole and Kenneth E. Olson). Northwestern

University Reviewing Stand, N. U. on the Air X, no. 26, July 4, 1948. 332. Review of The cow-tail switch and other West African stories by H. Courlander and

G. Herzog. American Anthropologist 50, no. 3:531-32. 333. Some comments on the review of "Trinidad village." Journal of Negro Education

XVII, no. 4:515-16, Fall, 1948. 334. The collector's obligation ("The Editors' Page"). Journal of American Folklore 61:

391, Oct.-Dec., 1948. 335. Review of The theory of human culture by James Feibelman. Journal of American

Folklore 61:403-04, Oct.-Dec., 1948. 336. Review of Textes ethiopiens by D. Lifchitz; La geomancie a l'ancienne cote des esclaves

by B. Maupoil; Racas de imperio by Mendes Correa; Customary law of the Maya tribe by Hans Cory and M. M. Hartnoll; The anatomy of Lango religion and groups by T. T. S. Hayley. American Anthropologist 50:679-81.

1949 337. Letter to the editor, commenting on review of "Trinidad village" by L. F. Newman (with Frances S. Herskovits). Folk-Lore LX:230-31.

338. Afro-American art. In Studies in Latin American art (E. Wilder, ed.). Proceedings of Conference on Latin American Art, held May 28-31, 1945. American Council of Learned Societies, pp. 58-64. Washington, D. C., 1949.

339. Some problems of graduate training in anthropology. American Anthropologist 51:517-23.

340. Review of They came here first by D'Arcy McNickle. A story of the American Indian. New York Times Book Review, p. 19, Aug. 9, 1949.




341. Various articles. Dictionary of folklore, mythology and legend, vol. I (Maria Leach, ed.). New York, Funk and Wagnalls.

342. Introduction to Bulu tales by A. N. Krug (selected and edited by Melville J. Hersko- vits). Journal of American Folklore 62:348-74.

343. Musica de culto Afrobahiana (with Richard A. Waterman). Revista de Estudios Musicales, ano. j: no. 2, pp. 65-127, Dec., 1949.

1950 344. Review of Social structure by George Peter Murdock. The Annals, American Academy of Political and Social Science CCLXVII:235-36.

345. Who are the Jews? In The Jews, their history, culture and religion (L. Finkelstein, ed.), vol. II. New York, Harper and Brothers.

346. Review of Anthropological bibliography of Negro Africa by H. A. Wieschhoff. Journal of American Folklore 63:117.

347. Review of Isles of rhythm by Earl Leaf. Journal of American Folklore 63:119. 348. The hypothetical situation, a technique of field research. Southwestern Journal of

Anthropology 6:32-40. 349. International directory of anthropologists, Third Edition. Washington D. C., Na-

tional Research Council, 1950. 350. American influence in Africa: a problem for ethnohistorical study. American In-

fluences Abroad, an Exploration, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, pp. 12-20, 1950.

351. Le noir dans le nouveau monde. In Le monde noir (Presence africaine, no. 8-9) (Th. Monod, ed.) Paris, 1950.

352. Music in West Africa. Explanatory pamphlet to record album "Tribal, folk and cafe music of West Africa" recorded and edited by Arthur S. Alberts. New York, Field Recordings.

353. Various articles. In Dictionary of folklore, mythology and legend, vol. II (Maria Leach, ed.). New York, Funk and Wagnalls.

1951 354. On cultural and psychological reality. In Social psychology at the crossroads (John H. Rohrer and Muzafer Sherif, eds.). New York, Harper and Bros.

355. Review of The lonely crowd by David Reisman. American stereotypes. The American Scholar 20, no. 2:244-46, 248.

356. Mr. Hyman and the dictionary (letter to the editor). The Kenyon Review XIII, no. 2:319-20, Spring, 1951.

357. Tender and tough minded anthropology and the study of values in culture. South- western Journal of Anthropology 7:22-31.

358. The present status and needs of Afroamerican research. Journal of Negro History XXXVI, no. 2:123-47, April, 1951.

359. Review of The sculpture of Negro Africa by Paul Wingert. College Art Journal X, no. 3:294-96, Spring, 1951.

360. Folklore: a social science or humanistic discipline? Journal of American Folklore 64:129.

361. Problems of a changing Africa (with Leonard Allen, Lyndon Harries, and Claude Tardits and J. H. McBurney). Northwestern University Reviewing Stand, N. U. on the Air XVI, no. 26, July 29, 1951.

362. Letter to the editor (re article by Henriques). The Caribbean Quarterly 2, no. 2:44. 363. Review of Elements of social organization by Raymond Firth. American Sociological

Review XVI: 877-78. 364. Bush Negro Calabash-carving (letter to the editor re article of same title by Philip

Dark). Man LI: 163-64. 365. Preface to The first bow and arrow by Chester G. Osborne, p. 5. Chicago, Wilcox and

Follett Co. 366. Northwestern University Institute on Contemporary Africa. Report of Activities, p.

10. Evanston, Illinois, 1951.



Obituaries 105

367. The problem of adapting societies to new tasks. In The progress of underdeveloped areas (Bert F. Hozelitz, ed.). Lecture delivered at the 27th Harris Foundation Insti-

tute, June 18-21, 1951, pp. 89-112. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. 1952 368. Africa in the modern world (with Eduardo Mondlane and Edwin S. Munger). Uni-

versity of Chicago Round Table (an N.B.C. Radio discussion), no. 719, Jan. 6, 1952. 369. Introduction to Acculturation in the Americas (Sol Tax, ed.), vol. II, pp. 48-63.

Proceedings and Selected Papers, XXIXth Int. Congress of Americanists. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

370. Some psychological implications of Afroamerican studies, ibid., pp. 152-60. 371. Problems of land tenure in contemporary Africa. Land Economics XXVIII, no. 1:37-

46, Feb., 1952. 372. Economic anthropology: a study in comparative economics (2nd. ed., rewrite of The

economic life of primitive peoples). New York, A. A. Knopf, Inc. 373. The importance of Africa today. Northwestern University Alumni News XXXI, no.

3:4-6, April, 1952. 374. Les bases de l'anthropologie culturelle (translation of Man and his works by Francois

Vaudou). Paris, Bibliotheque Scientifique, Payot, 1952. 375. El hombre y sus obras (translation of Man and his works by M. Hernandez Barroso,

revised by E. Imaz and L. Alaminos). Mexico, D. F., Fondo de Cultural Economics. 376. Cultural anthropology in area studies. International Social Science Bulletin

(UNESCO) IV, no. 4:683-91. 377. Rebel destiny, avec les noirs des forets de la Guyane Hollandaise (illustrated) (trans-

lation of no. 168, by Francois Lhomme). Paris. 378. Abstract of address, Africa is here (report of the North American Assembly on

African Affairs, Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio, June 16-25, 1952), pp. 104-05. New York, National Congress of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A.

1953 379. Review of The forgotten language by Erich Fromm. Journal of American Folklore 66: 87-89.

380. Preface to The first puppy by Chester G. Osborne, p. 5. Chicago, Wilcox and Follett Co.

381. Review of African folktales and sculpture (Paul Radin and James Johnson Sweeney, eds.). College Art Journal XII, no. 4:383-85, Summer, 1953.

382. Franz Boas, the science of man in the making. New York and London, Charles Scribner's Sons.

383. The Panan, an Afrobahian religious rite of transition. Les Afro-Americans (Memoires de l'Institut Francias d'Afrique Noire, no. 27), pp. 133-40. Dakar, 1953.

384. Note sur la divination judiciaire par le cadavre en Guyane Hollandaise. Ibid., pp. 187-92.

1954 385. Education in changing Africa. Institute of International Education, News Bulletin, pp. 3-7, 58-59, March, 1954.

386. Program of African studies: the first five years, 1949-1953. Evanston, Northwestern University, April, 1954.

387. Some problems of method in ethnography. In Method and perspective in anthro-

pology, papers in honor of Wilson D. Wallis (Robert S. Spencer, ed.), pp. 3-24.

Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press. 388. Review of The heart of Africa by Alexander Campbell; Africa: the racial issue edited

by Joan Coyne MacLean; South Africa in a changing world by Edgar H. Brooks; Mau Mau and the Kikuyu by L. S. B. Leakey; Before the African storm by John Cookson. Will Africa be next? The Nation CLXXVIII, no. 23:486-87.

389. Review of The African mind in health and disease: a study in ethnopsychiatry by J. C. Carothers. Man LIV:30-31.

390. Antropologia economica (translation of Economic anthropology by Carlos Silva). Mexico, D. F., Fondo de Cultura Economica.



106 American A nthropologist [66, 1964]

391. Review of Tell freedom by Peter Abrahams; Through Malan's Africa by Robert St.

John; Report on Africa by Oden Meeker. Africa; hope and danger. The Nation CLXXIX, no. 8:154-55.

392. Review of The South African way of life (G. H. Calpin, ed.). The Annals, American

Academy of Political and Social Science CCXCV: 193. 393. What is voodoo? (abridged from Chap. VIII of no. 200). Tomorrow, Quarterly Review

of Psychical Research 3, no. 1:11-20. 394. Some contemporary developments in sub-Saharan Africa. African Studies XIII, no.

2:49-64. Reprinted in Africa in the modern world (Calvin Stillman, ed.). Vichi Press. 395. Motivation and culture pattern in technological change. International Social Science

Bulletin VI, no. 3:388-400. 396. Review of Um Brasileiro em terras Portuguesas by Gilberto Freyre. Hispanic American

Historical Review, pp. 98-99, Feb., 1954. 397. Estrutura social do candomble afro-brasileiro. Boletim, Instituto Joaquim Nabuco de

Pesquisas Sociais, vol. 3, pp. 13-32, 1954. 1955 398. Cultural anthropology, an abridged revision of Man and his works (illustrated).

New York, A. A. Knopf, Inc. 399. The African cultural background in the modern scene. In Africa today (C. Groves

Haines, ed.), pp. 30-49. Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press. 400. Peoples and cultures of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Annals, The American Academy of

Political and Social Science CCXCVIII: 11-20. 401. Report to the American Philosophical Society on research project, "The present

position of the African in the contemporary African Scene." Year Book, 1954, pp. 176-179. American Philosophical Society.

402. Review of Inside Africa by John Gunther; The African awakening by Basil Davidson; They wait in darkness by George W. Shepherd, Jr.; The African giant by Stuart Cloete. A lot more about Africa. The Nation CLXXXI, no. 20:421-22.

403. Some contemporary developments in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Africa in the modern world (Calvin W. Stillman, ed.), pp. 267-294. Chicago, Univ. of Chicago Press.

404. Foreword to Studies in African linguistic classification by Joseph H. Greenberg. New

Haven, Compass Publishing Co. 405. The social organization of the Candomble'. Anais do XXI Congresso Internacional

de Americanistas, Sao Paulo, 1954, vol. 1:505-532. Sao Paulo, 1955. 1956 406. Cultural diversity and world peace. Borah Foundation Lectures, pp. 5-21. (Addresses

delivered at the Ninth Annual Conference of the William Edgar Borah Outlawry of War Foundation on the Causes of War and the Conditions of Peace, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, Mar. 7-8, 1956).

407. African economic development in cross-cultural perspective. American Economic Review (Papers and Proceedings, 68th Annual Meeting, American Economic Associa- tion) XLVI, no. 2:452-561, May, 1956.

408. Preface to The Santal, a study in cultural change by Nabendu Datta-Majumder. Dept. of Anthropology, Government of India, Memoir No. 2, 1955. Calcutta, Gov't. of India Press, 1956.

409. Some problems of land tenure in contemporary Africa. In Land tenure (Proceedings of the International Conference of Land Tenure and Related Problems in World Agriculture held at Madison, Wisconsin, 1951) (K. H. Parsons, Raymond J. Penn and

Philip M. Raup. eds.). Madison, Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1956. 410. An anthropological note (comment on Nutrition and health of Gold Coast children

by Faye W. Grant). Journal of the American Dietetic Association 31, no. 7:702, July, 1955.

411. On some modes of ethnographic comparison. Bijdragen tot de Taal-Land-, en Volken- kunde (issue in honor of Professor J. P. B. de Josselin de Jong), vol. 112:129-148, 1956.



Obituaries 107

412. Further comments on Boas (letter to the editor). American Anthropologist 58:734. 413. The social organization of the Afrobrazilian Candomble. Phylon XVII, no. 2:147-166. 414. Preface to The first lake dwellers by Chester G. Osborne, pp. 3-4. Chicago, Follett

Publishing Co. 415. Review of Custom and conflict in Africa by Max Gluckman. The Annals, American

Academy of Political and Social Science CCCVIII:209. 416. The Northwestern University program of African studies. International Social

Science Bulletin VIII, no. 3:501-503. 417. A cross-cultural study of preception, materials including instructions, tests,inventory

of visual environment and scoring sheets (with Donald T. Campbell and Marshall H. Segall). Program of African Studies, Northwestern Univ., Evanston, Illinois.

418. Contemporary Africa, a lecture delivered at the Naval War College on 24 May 1956. Naval War College Review IX, no. 4:1-22, Dec., 1956.

1957 419. Negro. Encyclopaedia Brittanica XVI, 1957 printing, pp. 193-194. 420. Review of The future of customary law in Africa, report of a symposium organized

by the Afrika Institut Studiecentrum, Leiden, in collaboration with the Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam. American Sociological Review XXII: 139-149.

421. Some further notes on Franz Boas' Arctic Expedition. American Anthropologist 59:112-116.

422. Anthropology and culture change in Africa. Communications from the University of South Africa, Ser. B, No. 3, 1957.

1958 423. Review of The trickster, a study in American Indian mythology by Paul Radin. Journal of American Folklore 70, no. 277:280-81.

424. Review of Man and culture: an evaluation of the work of Bronislaw Malinowski (Raymond Firth, ed.). Man LVIII:30-31.

425. Some further comments on cultural relativism. American Anthropologist 60:266-273. 426. Editorial. African Studies Bulletin 1, no. 1:1-2, April, 1958. 427. Contes Haitiens et tradition litteraire Dahomeene (with Frances S. Herskovits).

Bulletin du Bureau d'Ethnologie, Serie III, No. 15, May, 1958. 428. On "culture" (letter to the editor). American Anthropologist 60:581. 429. Dahomean narrative, a cross-cultural analysis (with Frances S. Herskovits). Evan-

ston, Northwestern Univ. Press. (Northwestern University African Studies, No. 1). 430. Statement on Africa. Review of Foreign Policy, 1958. Hearings before the Committee

on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Eighty-fifth Congress, Second Session on Foreign Policy, pp. 583-598. Washington, 1958.

431. The myth of the Negro past (reprinted, with additional preface and supplementary bibliography). Boston, Beacon Press.

432. Some thoughts on American research in Africa. African Studies Bulletin 1, no. 2:1-11.

433. Frans Olbrechts in America. Congo-Tervuren (In Memoriam, F. M. Olbrechts), vol. III-1V:45-54, 1957-1958.

434. Some economic aspects of the Afrobahian Candomble. Paul Rivet, Octogenario Dicata, vol. 11:227-247. Mexico, Universidad Autonoma de Mexico.

1959 435. Continuity and change in African cultures (W. R. Bascom and M. J. Herskovits, eds.). Chicago, Univ. of Chicago Press.

436. The problem of stability and change in African culture (with W. R. Bascom). In Continuity and change in African cultures (W. R. Bascom and M. J. Herskovits, eds.), Chicago, Univ. of Chicago Press.

437. Afro-Americani, centri e correnti (illustrated). Enciclopedia Universale dell' Arte, vol. 1:151-159. Rome, Istituto per la Collaborzione Culturale.

438. Comment on Aberle's thesis of deprivation (with Leslie Spier and Wayne Suttles). Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 5, no. 1:84-88. (Reply to The prophet dance and reactions to White contact by David F. Aberle, loc. cit., pp. 74-83).




439. Africa, south of the Sahara, 1958. Naval War College Review XI, no. 10:29-46, June' 1959.

440. Past developments and present currents in ethnology. American Anthropologist 61, no. 3:389-398.

441. Discussion of Migrant labor in Africa: an economist's approach by Walter Elkan. American Economic Review XLIX:200-202. (Papers and Proceedings of the 71st Annual Meeting, Amer. Econ. Association, Chicago, Dec. 27-29, 1958).

442. The Panan, an Afrobahian religious rite of transition. Caribbean Quarterly 5, no.

4:276-283, June, 1959. 443. Comments on A theory for American folklore by Richard M. Dorson. Journal of

American Folklore 71, no. 285:216-220, 240-241. 444. Preface to The First Wheel by Chester G. Osborne. Chicago, Follett Publishing Co. 445. Anthropology and Africa-a wider perspective. Africa XXIX, no. 3:225-238, July,

1959. (The Lugard Memorial Lecture for 1959, delivered in London, 6 April, 1959). 446. Africa, a study prepared at the request of the Committee on Foreign Relations,

United States Senate (Committee Print, 86th Congress, 1st Session). Washington, Gov't. Printing Office, Oct. 23, 1959.

447. Afro-American art. Encyclopaedia of World Art, vol. 1, pp. 150-158 (with plates 30-39). New York, McGraw-Hill.

448. Aspects of primitive art (with Robert Redfield and Gordon F. Eckholm) (illustrated). New York, The Museum of Primitive Art, 1959.

449. A cross-cultural view of bias and values. Danforth Lectures, no. 7. East Carolina

College, Greenville, N. C., 1958-1959. 450. Sibling rivalry, the Oedipus Complex, and myth (with Frances S. Herskovits).

Journal of American Folklore 71, no. 279:1-15. 1960 451. Does Africa exist? (with R. J. Bunche, El-Mehdi Ben Aboud, W. H. Hance and

Gwendolyn M. Carter). In Wellesley College Symposium on Africa. Wellesley, Mass., 1960.

452. United States foreign policy; Africa. Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Eighty-Sixth Congress, Second Session, on March

16, 1960, part I, pp. 105-129. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1960. 453. United States foreign policy; compilation of studies. Africa, vol. 1, pp. 301-390.

Committee Print, 86th Congress, 2nd Session. Washington, U. S. Government Print-

ing Office, Sept., 1960. 454. The ahistorical approach to Afro-american studies: a critique. American Anthropolo-

gist 62, no. 4:559-568. 455. El enfoque anhistorico en los estudios Afroamericanos: critica (transl. by G. A.

Beltran). La Palabra y el Hombre, pp. 5-17, Apr.-June., 1960. 456. Review of Communal rituals of the Nyakyusa by Monica Wilson. Journal of Ameri-

can Folklore 72:341-343. 457. On accuracy in scientific controversy. American Anthropologist 62, no. 6:1050-51. 458. Review of The anthropology of Franz Boas: essays on the centennial of his birth.

American Anthropologist 62:1060-63. 459. Who are the Jews? In The Jews, their history, culture, and religion (L. Finkelstein,

ed.), vol. II, pp. 1489-1509. Third edition, New York, Harper and Brothers. 460. The organization of work. In Labor commitment and social change in developing

areas (Wilbert E. Moore and Arnold S. Feldman, eds.), pp. 123-135. New York, Social Science Research Council.

461. Afrobahian cult music (abstract). Congr?s International des Sciences Anthropolo- giques et Ethnologiques, Compte-rendu de la Troisibme Session, Bruxelles 1948. Tervueren (Belgium), 1960, pp. 105-107.

462. Ethnohistory and the study of cultural dynamics. Ibid., pp. 107-109. 463. Manava ayr uske Karya: Sanskritik Manavashastra (Hindi translation of Cultural

anthropology, R. Gupta, tr.), with special preface by MJH. New Delhi.



Obituaries 109

464. Traditions et bouleversements de la culture en Afrique. Presence Africaine, n.s. vol. 6/7, nos. 34-35:124-131, Oct., 1960-Jan., 1961 (translation of paper delivered at the XXV International Congress of Orientalists, Moscow, 9-16 Aug., 1960; also published in English edition of same journal, entitled The role of culture-pattern in the African acculturative experience).

1961 465. U. N. work in the Congo (letter to the editor). The New York Times, Aug. 20, 1961, p. 8.

466. Rear-guard action. Negro Digest XII, no. 12:43-49. Reprinted in Perspectives in biology and medicine 5:122-128, Autumn, 1961.

467. African values in the world scene. In The United Nations and the emerging African Nations, the Second Annual Governor's Conference on the United Nations, Mil- waukee, July, 1960. No. 2, Global Focus Series, Inst. for World Affairs Education, Univ. of Wisconsin, pp. 23-27.

468. Contribution to Outstanding books, 1931-1961. The American Scholar 30:610. 469. The study of African oral art. Journal of American Folklore 73:451-456. 470. Selections from #446 and 452 reprinted in Africa, Continent of change by Peter R.

Gould. Belmont, Calif., Wadsworth Publishing Co., pp. 63-82. 471. Economic change and cultural dynamics. In Tradition, values, and socio-economic

development (Ralph Braibanti and Joseph J. Spengler, eds.). Duke Univ. Common- wealth-Studies Center Pub. No. 13, Durham, N.C.

1962 472. Selections from #446 reprinted in American government, readings and documents (Peter H. Odegard and Victor Rosemblum, eds.). Evanston, Ill.

473. The image of Africa in the United States (address presented before the Third Plenary Session, VIII National Conference, U. S. National Commission for UNESCO, Boston, Mass., Oct. 22-26, 1961). Journal of Human Relations 10, nos. 2 and 3:236-245, Winter and Spring, 1962.

474. The humanism in anthropological science (Conference Gendrale du 4 Aout 1960). Actes du VIe Congrbs International des Sciences Anthropologiques et Ethnologiques, Paris, 1960, vol. 1:82-93. Paris, 1962.

475. The human factor in changing Africa. New York, A. A. Knopf, Inc. 476. Preface to Markets in Africa (Paul Bohannan and George Dalton, eds.). Evanston,

Northwestern University Press (N.U. African Studies, no. 9:vii-xi, 1962). 477. Foreword to The program of African studies, publications on Africa from Northwestern

University, 1948-1962. Evanston, Ill. 478. The processes of cultural change (reprinted from The Science of man in the world

crisis, New York, 1945). Bobbs-Merrill Reprint Series in the Social Sciences, No. A-114, Dec., 1962.

1963 479. Cultural differences in the perception of geometric illusions (with Marshall H. Segall and Donald T. Campbell). Science CXXXIX: 769-71.



alan p. merriam - melville jean herskovits

Documents

jstor terms

jstor archive

terms conditions of

columbia university

pmall use subject

melville jean herskovits

university of chicago

howard university