8/17/2019 al-Qazwīnī, Zakarīya.odt

1/5

al- azwīnī  Ḳ  (2,571 words)Lewicki, T. 

, zakariyyā b. mu ammad b. ma mūd Abū Ya yā (Hā i alīfa, iv, 188-! "u ammad b. "a mūdʾ ḥ ḥ ḥ dj  dj     K h ḥ ḥ

al-#ūfī al- azwīnī  Ḳ  $, fam%u& Arab c%&m%'ra)er a*d 'e%'ra)er. He drew )i& %ri'i* fr%m a* Arabfamily ()i& a*ce&+%r, ay Abu l- ā&im b. Hiba+ Allā) al-Sh kh Ḳ azwīnī  Ḳ  , wa& r%bably de&ce*ded fr%m

A*a& b. "alik q.v.$, w)% )ad bee* /er&ia*i&ed af+er &e++li*' a+ #a wī* i* /er&ia. 0ud'i*' fr%m cer+ai*ẓ

&%leci&m& +% be f%u*d i* al- azwī*ī& w%rk&, Arabic d%e& *%+ &eem +% )ave bee* )i& m%+)er +%*'ue.Ḳ

He wa& b%r* a+ azwī*, r%bably +%ward& 2231425 a*d &eem& +% )ave received +)ere )i& le'alḲ

educa+i%*. A+ a m%me*+ difficul+ +% e&+abli&) )e lef+ )i& *a+ive +%w*, we*+ +% 6a dād a*d &+ayed al&%g  h

&%me +ime i* 7ama&cu& w)ere )e me+, r%bably +%ward& 5231455, +)e well-k*%w* )il%&%)er a*d

my&+ic b* al- Arabī (d. 5831492 ʿ q.v.$. + wa& aare*+ly a+ +)i& eri%d +)a+ )e vi&i+ed al-"aw ilṣ

w)ere )e me+ iyā al-7ī* b* al-A īr (d. 5:3145 &eeḌ ʾ th ib* al-a īrth , a*d er)a& al&% +)e +%w* %f

;i* ār. Al-dj   azwīnī  Ḳ   +ravelled al&% i* /er&ia a*d aid a vi&i+ +% +)e +%w* %f a**āba. Acc%rdi*' +% b*D j  Ta rībirdī, )e &+ayed f%r a l%*' +ime i* al-a&+ i* 98314=2.

?r%m al-#ūfī, %*e %f )i& nisbas , i+ w%uld f%ll%w +)a+ )e lived f%r a cer+ai* +ime i* #ūfa. Af+er 6a dādg  h

)ad +ake* by +)e "%*'%l& i* =314=8, )e re+ired fr%m ublic life +% dev%+e )im&elf e*+irely +%

&cie*+ific ac+ivi+ie&. + i& @ui+e r%bable +)a+ )e f%u*d a "aece*a& i* +)e /er&ia* )i&+%ria* a*d &+a+e&ma*

al- uway*ī (d. 8431485 D j   q.v.$, fr%m 13144 '%ver*%r %f 6a dād %* be)alf %f Hūlā'ū a*d )i&g  h

&ucce&&%r Abā ā. + i& er)a& becau&e %f )i& re&umed r%+ec+i%* +)a+ )e dedica+ed )i& c%&m%'ra)icalḳ

w%rk +% al- uway*ī. He died i* 8431485. (* )i& *ame a*d life, &ee )i&Ḏj   Cosmography , iiB Ā ār al-thbilād , ed. ?.

8/17/2019 al-Qazwīnī, Zakarīya.odt

2/5

f%rma+i%* %f m%u*+ai*& a*d well&, )e a&&e& i* review +)e +)ree ki*'d%m& %f *a+ure! +)e mi*eral, +)e

ve'e+able a*d +)e a*imal. T)e de&cri+i%* %f +)e a*imal ki*'d%m i& receded by +)a+ %f ma*, )i&

c)arac+er a*d a*a+%my, a*d by a c)arac+eri&+ic %f )uma* +ribe&. T)e %+)er livi*' bei*'& are di&cu&&ed

af+er innsdj    a*d ūlsg  h  )ave bee* deal+ wi+).

Al- azwī*ī&Ḳ Cosmography, +)e fir&+ &y&+ema+ic e%&i+i%* %f c%&m%'ra)y i* "u&lim li+era+ure,

e*M%yed 'rea+ %ulari+y i* +)e w)%le %f +)e &lamic w%rld, a& i& a++e&+ed by a 'rea+ *umber %fma*u&cri+& rere&e*+i*' &everal Arabic ver&i%*&, by /er&ia* a*d Turki&) +ra*&la+i%*& a*d by +)e

revi&i%*& %f +)e w%rk. 0. Gu&ka ( azwīnī  Ḳ  -+t#dien , i* 'sl ., iv (115$, 19-, a*d 45-4$ )a& &)%w*

a'ai*&+

8/17/2019 al-Qazwīnī, Zakarīya.odt

3/5

 ,osmographie des . .. al- azwīnī  Ḳ   , Heidelb. /r%'. d. berreal&c)ule, #irc))ai* P.-L. 18B 5ber den

$alshen #nd den ehten azwīnī  Ḳ   , i* 4itt. Gesh. 9at#rwiss ., iii (119$, 185-8B ;. 0. A*bac)er, 8ie

 Abshnitte :ber die Geister #. die w#nderbaren Geshp$e a#s ;azwīnī"s ,osmographie . . . ,

#irc))ai* P.-L. 12=B ?. Tae&c)*er, 8ie

8/17/2019 al-Qazwīnī, Zakarīya.odt

4/5

al-7ilād , i* olia 0rientalia , viii (1$, 91-88, i* w)ic) &)e 'ive& a de+ailed a*aly&i& %f +)%&e

&%urce&. ?r%m +)i& i+ aear& +)a+ *early 52 ar+icle& %u+ %f +)e a. 22 w)ic) f%rm +)e +%+al %f al-

azwī*ī& 'e%'ra)ical dic+i%*ary c%*+ai* da+a b%rr%wed fr%m +)eḲ  4# am al-b#ldānʿdj   , a*d +)a+ a very

c%*&iderable ar+ (viz. 1=:$ %f +)e&e 52 ar+icle& c%*+ai* *%+)i*' el&e bu+ e+rac+& fr%m Yā ū+& w%rk.ḳ

T)u& +)e 4# am al-b#ldānʿdj    f%rm& +)e ri*cial &%urce %f +)e Ā ār al-bilādth . ". #%wal&ka& &+udy

&)%w& al&% +)a+ all @u%+a+i%*& fr%m al-Ya ūbī, b* al-?a ī), b* ?a lā*, b* aw al, al-"u adda&īʿḳ ḳ ḍ Ḥ ḳ ḳa*d fr%m +)e +w% risālas %f Abū 7ulaf +% be f%u*d i* al- azwī*ī&Ḳ Geography, )ave bee* b%rr%wed by

+)e la++er *%+ fr%m +)e %ri'i*al w%rk& %f +)e 'e%'ra)er& i* @ue&+i%* bu+ fr%m +)e  4# am al-b#ldānʿdj   .

;)e )a& al&% e&+abli&)ed a* alm%&+ c%mle+e li&+ %f +)e fra'me*+& al- azwīnī  Ḳ   )a& e+rac+ed fr%m %+)er

Arabic &%urce&, fr%m w)ic) are ci+ed )ere +)e w%rk& %f brā)īm b. A mad al- ur ū&)ī ( S brā)īm b.ḥ Ṭ ṭ

Ya ūb al- ur ū&)īB &ee T. #%wal&ki,ʿḳ Ṭ ṭ  elatio 'brahim ibn >a )ūb de itinere slavioʿ  , Frac%w 19, 41-

5=$, al-6īrū*ī, al- ri. Abū āmid al-A*dalu&ī a*d a* a*%*ym%u& c%&m%'ra)ical +rea+i&e %f +)eʿ dh Ḥ

14+) ce*+ury e*+i+led 1# $at al- arā ibḥ g  h ʾ  . ?i*ally, &)e )a& c%miled a li&+ %f al- azwī*ī& %ralḲ

i*f%rma*+&. T)e au+)%r %f +)e Ā ār al-bilādth  %we& )i& k*%wled'e %f A (14=$, 45=-B ". F. Ly%*&, +ome Aspets o$ Al-;azwīnī"s Ā ār al-7ilādth  , i* Glasgow

6niv . 0r. +o. 1rans ., , (15-9$, 5-:B ". #%wal&ka, 9amensregister z# azwīnī"s Ā ār al-7ilād Ḳ t  ,

i* 0, i31, (1=$, -11=, 31, (1$, 11-59B idem, Al-;azwīnī"s Ā ār al-7ilādth  and the

q#otations $rom  Abū 8#la$ s 9arrative , i* Atti del ''' Congresso di +t#di Arabi e 'slamii , avello 

(F, Pale& 1:, 94:-5=.

Al- azwīnī  Ḳ   wa& +)e 'rea+e&+ %f Arabic c%&m%'ra)er&. He wa& a+ +)e &ame +ime a&+r%*%mer,

'e%'ra)er, 'e%l%'i&+, mi*eral%'i&+, b%+a*i&+, z%%l%'i&+ a*d e+)*%'ra)er. Like all )i& redece&&%r&

(w)% aeared already i* +)e +)314+) ce*+ury$, )e wa& %*ly a '%%d c%miler w)% *ei+)er r%duced a

*ew fac+ *%r crea+ed a*y *ew +)e%ry. 6ei*', )%wever, very lear*ed a*d very cul+iva+ed a+ +)e &ame

+ime, )e &ucceeded i* &y*+)e&izi*' all +)e fac+& k*%w* i* )i& +ime ab%u+ +)e ab%ve-me*+i%*ed

&cie*ce&. Hi& ri*cial meri+ lie& i* )i& )avi*' acc%mli&)ed +)e rai&i*' %f c%&m%'ra)y +% a li+erary'e*re %f e+remely )i') level. He wa& al&% a +ale*+ed vul'ari&er w)% k*ew +% ere&& )im&elf clearly

a*d realized +)a+ erudi+i%* &)%uld *%+ eceed cer+ai* limi+&, i* %rder *%+ +% di&c%ura'e +)e 'e*eral

ublic. Hi& la*'ua'e i& clear, &imle a*d varied, al+)%u') )e %f+e* d%e& *%+ 'ive a*y+)i*' bu+ a m%&aic

%f e+rac+& fr%m &%urce&, arra*'ed *ever+)ele&& i* a &kilful way. Hi')ly arecia+ed by cer+ai* m%der*

Arabi&+& w)% &%me+ime& c%mare )im +% Her%d%+u& a*d /li*y (Gei*aud, op. it . . clivB &ee al&%

;+reck, op. it . a*d #raIk%v&ky, op. it . 5=8-$, al- azwīnī  Ḳ   )a& bee* Mud'ed far +%% &everely by %+)er

&c)%lar&. D. v%* Dru*ebaum ( 4edieval 'slam , F)ica'% 19:, 521-4, 529$ @u%+e& +w% a&&a'e& fr%m

8/17/2019 al-Qazwīnī, Zakarīya.odt

5/5

+)e  A ā ib al-ma lū āt ʿ dj     ʾ kh ḳ    +% illu&+ra+e +)e decli*e %f cri+ical &cie*ce i* +)e :+)315+) ce*+ury, a*d D.