Conchiglie I Milano I 13 I (5-6) I 85-116 I maggio-giugno 1977

Al. Barash and Z. DaninDepartment o£ Zoology, Tel-Aviv University

ADDITIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF INDO-PACIFIC MOLLUSCA

IN THE MEDITERRANEAN

Riassunto

Questo è il secondo contributo degli autori relativamente allespecie indo-pacifiche di molluschi reperite in Mediterraneo. In essovengono menzionate per la prima volta altre 9 specie di Gastropodae 4 di Bivalvia. Inoltre si cita Chiton platei, primo rappresentantedei chitonidi dell'Indopacifico in Mediterraneo.

Vengono inoltre date ulteriori informazioni su 24 specie indo-pacifiche già segnalate precedentemente. Sono state trovate masseovigere di Cerithium kochi, che attualmente è la specie più frequentelungo le coste mediterranee israeliane.

Si illustra infine la distribuzione delle 68 specie indo-pacificheattualmente note per il Mediterraneo: la maggior parte di esse (59)è distribuita lungo le coste mediterranee di Israele e della penisoladel Sinai.

Abstract

This is the authors' second survey on Indo-Pacific species in theMediterranean. 13 additional Indo-Pacific species found there arerecorded far the first time (Gastropoda - 9, Bivalvia - 4).

Chiton platei is the first representative of Indo-Pacific chitonidsin the Mediterranean.

Supplementary data were given far 24 Indo-Pacific species in theMediterranean recorded previously. Egg masses were found of theIndo-Pacific Cerithium kochi, which is now the most abundant spe-cies in the Mediterranean waters of Israel.

A discussion is presented on the distribution of the 68 Indo-Pacific species known hitherto tram the Mediterranean. The majorityof them (59) are concentrated along the Mediterranean coast of Israeland Sinai Peninsula.

85

IntroductionThe survey of BARASH and DANIN (1973) * on Indo-Pacific species

of Mollusca in the Mediterranean, revealed that certain species. knownto occur in the Indo-Pacific region, had become common or abundantin the Mediterranean, namely: Isanda cf. holdsworthiana, Cerithiumkochi, Cerithium scabridum, Brachidontes variabilis. On the otherhand, several species considered to be successful immigrants iuta theMediterranean are probably rare or only locally common in this sea,e.g. Murex tribulus, Fusinus marmoratus.

It follows tram this that observations on migrating Red Seaspecies should be continued far many years, in arder to evaluateproperly the rate of their settling in the new area, and to detect theappearance of new immigrants.

So far 53 species of Indo-Pacific Mollusca bave been found in theMediterranean since the opening of the Suez Canal. 49 species arereported in the summarizing publications of G. HAAS (1948), BARASHand DANIN (1973) and GHISOTTI (1974). Four additional Indo-Pacificspecies new to the Mediterranean were al so recorded, namely: Chry-sallida maiae by Dr. J.J. AARTSEN (1963) and Diala semistriata, Ven-tomnestia girardi, Cerithium nesioticum by Mr. H.K. MIENIS (1976 b,1976 e, 1977).

A favorable opportunity far further investigations of migrationof Indo-Pacific Mollusca presented itself during the years 1974-1975.Intensive explorations of the Mediterranean fauna were carried outduring that period by the Tel-Aviv University and the Hebrew Uni-versity of Jerusalem.

Dr. Cb. Lewinsohn and M. Tom tram the Tel-Aviv University madenumerous dredgings in the infralittoral of Haifa Bay and appositethe Mediterranean coast of the Sinai Peninsula. Prof. A. Ben Tuvia ofthe Hebrew University of Jerusalem, performed a faunistic survey(mainly of fishes) in the shallow (1-3 m. deep) hypersaline lagoonof Bardawil (Mediterranean coast of the Sinai Peninsula situatedin the immmediate proximity of the Suez Canal). The molluscs col-lected by these investigators were passed to us far determination.The examination of this material and a revision of specimens notidentified yet in the collections of Israel, resulted in the discoveryof 13 Indo-Pacific species of Mollusca, new far the Mediterranean, farthe first time recorded in the present paper. The identification ofthe new species was made or ascertained by the following persons:POLYPLACOPHORA - Prof. E. Leloup, Institut Royal de Sciences Natu-

relles de Belgique.PROSOBRANCHIA - Prof. W.O. Cernohorsky, Auckland Institute and Mu-

seum, New Zealand; Dr. F. Ghisotti, U.M.I., Milan; Dr. R.N. Kil-bUffi, Natal Museum, South Africa; Mr. H.K. Mienis, HebrewUniversity, Jerusalem; Dr. H. Rehder, Smithsonian Institution,Washington; Dr. G. Spada, U.M.I. - Bologna (Italy).

* Dated 1972 but printed only in July 1973

Ho

OPISTHOBRANCHIA - Dr. J.J. van Aartsen - Dieren (Holland); Dr. Ph.Bouchet, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Dr. H.Gantès, Université de Bordeaux.

BIVALVIA - Prof. E. Fischer-Piette, Museum National d'Histoire Na-turelle, Paris.

The authors are very grateful to them and much appreciate theirassistance and guidance.

Since the publication of our first survey (1973) on the IndoPacific species immigrated into the Mediterranean, additional datawere accumulated. These data, conceming a considerable number (24)of the species dealt with in the survey (1973), will also be given bere.

The specimens referred to in the present report are mostly keptin the collections of the Tel-Aviv University.

The initials used far samples collected by Tel-Aviv Universityare NS; by Prof. Ben Tuvia, Hebrew University, Jerusalem - BFS; bythe Sea Fisheries Research Station, Haifa - SFRS; the collection ofthe Hebrew University, Jerusalem - HUJ.

Notes OD the species

Remarks:

1) Molluscs marked as « specimens » were collected alive, otherwisethey are indicated as « shells » or « valves )~.

2) Species marked by asterisks were formerly recorded in publica-tions on Indo-Pacific species in the Mediterranean and the dataon them are supplementary.

Class POLVPLACOPHORA

arder CHITONIDA

Family Chitonidae

Chiton platei THIELE, 1910.Fig. 1.

Briefly reported far the first time by AL. BARASH in 1974.lntertidal zone, on rocks - Akko, 5.XII.1934, one specimen (NS 7968); Caesarea,8.XII.1971 , one specimen (NS 7969).

Distribution

Red Sea: Eilat, Djibouti (LELOUP, 1960: 38).

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Class GASTROPODA

Subclass PROSOBRANCHIA

arder ARCHAEOGASTROPODA

-

Family F i s su r e Il i d a e* Diodora rueppelli (SOWERBY, 1834).

MaterialLive: 1) Intertidal zone, rocky shore - Dor, Il.IX.1974, ODe specimen (NS 12815).

2) Dredged - Haifa Bay, 14.V.1974, 46 m., sandy bottom, ODe specimen (NS12893); 17:IX.1975, 71 m., muddy sand, ODe specimen (NS 12894).

Shells: on the beach of Netanya, II;1974, 2 shells (NS 13103).

Family T r O C h i d a e* Isanda cf. holdsworthiana (NEVILL, 1871).

Syn: Coralastelle emigrans NORDSIECK, 1972 - (NORDSIECK, 1972: 228 Fig. 5).

MaterialLive: dredged - Haifa Bay: 10.VII.1974, 31 m., sandy mud, 15 specimens (NS 12895);Il.VII.1974, 40 m., muddy sand, 5 specimens (NS 12896); 29.VIII.1974, 31 m.,sand, 39 specimens (NS 12897); 40 m., muddy sand, 2 specimens (NS 12898); 31.VIII.1974, 51 m., mud, 2 specimens (NS 12899); 25.XII.1974, 44 m., sandy mud, 1specimen, (NS 12900); 25 m., sand, 2 specimens (NS 12901); 13.II.1975, 31 m., sandymud, 1 specimen (NS 12902); 16.II.1975, 73 m., mud, 1 specimen (NS 12903);Il.VI.1975, 32 m., sandy mud, 13 specimens (NS 12904); 17.IX.1975, 31 m., sand,13 specimens (NS 12905); 46 m., muddy sand, 3 specimens (NS 12906); 25 m., sand,917 specimens (NS 12907).Off Bardawil: 31°35'N, 32°46'E, 31.X.1975, 46 m., sandy mud, 48 specimens (NS12911); 31°23'N, 33°22'E, 2.XI.1975, 27 m., mud, 1 specimen (NS 12912); 31°28'N,22'E, 62 m., mud, 1 specimen (NS 12913).Shells: dredged - Haifa Bay: 14.V.1974, 68 m., mud, 1 shell (NS 12914); 26 m.,sandy mud, 9 shells (NS 12915); 46 m., sand, 2 shells (NS 12916); 29.VIII.1974,48 m., mud, 5 shells (NS 12917); 40 m., muddy sand, 3 shells (NS 12918); 51 m.,mud, Il shells (NS 12919); 24.XII.1974, 44 m., sandy mud, 8 shells (NS 12920);25.XII.1974, 75 m., mud, 2 shells (NS 12921); 13.II.1975, 48 m., sandy mud, 5shells (NS 12922). 16.II.1975, 73 m.., mud, 4 shell "(NS 12923); 29.IV.1975, 48 m.,muddy sand, 1 shell (NS 12924); 65 m., mud, 4 shells (NS 12925); Il.VI.1975, 68 m.,mud,7 shells (NS 12926); 17.IX.1975, 46 m., sandy mud, ODe shell (NS 12927); 71 m.,mud, 1 shell (NS 12928).Off Bardawil: 31.X.1975, 46 m., sandy mud, 7 shells (NS 12929); 1.XI.1975, 46 m.,mud, 4 shells (NS 12930).

Remark

This species is now permanently common on the continentalshelf of Israel, mainly at a depth of 20-50 m. Sand is the most frequentsubstrate on which this species is found, and to a lesser extentsandy mud.

In a recent published paper Y ARON (1977: 54) has correctly poin-ted out that the right name far this species should be Minolia nedymaMELVILL, 1897. A subsequent study of the radula by Dr. KILBURN (Na-tal) has confirmed its generic position (YARON, in litt.).

88

arder MESOGASTROPODA

Family Rissoidae

* Alvania orbignyi (AUDOUIN, 1827).

MateriaiShells: on beaches - Shavé Zyyon, 16.X.1946, 4 shells (NS 12932); Bat Gallim,13.II.1962, 5 shells (NS 12933); Shiqmona 8.VII.1968, 24 shells (NS 12934);21.II.1971, 40 shells (NS 12935).

Remark

In our 1973 survey, the finding of a few shells of Alvania orbi-gnyi was recorded, only on the beach of Shiqmona. Consequently, itwas Iisted among the Indo-Pacific species whose appearance in theMediterranean Sea is mereIy occasionai. However, it turned out thatA. orbignyi is fairIy common on the Israeli coast and it may be re-garded as resident in this area.

Family Potamididae

* Pirenella cailliaudi (POTIEZ et MICHAUD, 1838).

Fig. 2.

Material

Bardawil Lagoon:Live: in shallow water - 2.IV.1974, Il specimens (BFS 300).Shells: on beaches and from the bottom of the lagoon - 2.IV.1974, 28 shells andIl.VI.1974, 353 shells (BFS 239); 12.VI.1974, 39 shells (BFS 240); 2.VII.1974, 12shells (BFS 254); 3.VII.1974, 30 shells (BFS 264); 1.6.VII.1974, 29 shells (BFS 265);5.VIII.1974, 4 shells (BFS 271); 6.VIII.1974, 102 shells (BFS 284); 21.VIII.1974,169 shells (BFS 291); 3.IX.1974, 22 shells (BFS 293); 15.IX.1974, 31 shells (BFS 302).

Remark

In the Bardawil Lagoon the Mediterranean species - Pirenellaconica (BLAINVILLE, 1826) is also abundant. These two species areextremely variable in their sculpture. SMITH (1891) stated that {{ near.ly alI the Suez specimens of Pirenella cailliaudi bave two distinctrows of granules on the upper whorls, whereas in Mediterraneanspecimens (of P. conica) there are mostly three or more, and in thesethe granules are smaller than in the Red Sea specimens ». But TOMLIN(1927: 296) after examining a great many examples collected at LakeMenzaleh and Kabret (Suez Canal), found it quite impossible todiscriminate between P. conica and P. cailliaudi. ({ The Menzalehgatherings include every possible variations of sculpture from spiraIrows of granules down to forms with the spiraI ridges obsoletes andwithout any granulations at alI ».

The question as to whether P. cailliaudi and P. conica shouldbe united or should remain in their present status as two separatespecies, demands further investigation.

89

Dahlakia cf. leilae BIGGS, 1971.Fig. 3.

A New Record far the MediterraneanMaterialShells: Bardawil, on the beach: 23.X.1967, one shell (NS 12798); 1;V.1974, 4 shells(NS 12799); 3.IX.1974, 6 shells (NS 12800).

DistributionRed Sea: Dahlak Islands (BIGGS, 1971: 221).Remark

The shells cf this species from Bardawil were examined by Dr.Kilburn (Natal Museum, South Africa). In bis opinion they possiblybelong to Dahlakia leilae BIGGS, 1971, fig. 3. But the shells fromBardawil are considerably higher (8-10 mm) than those from DahlakArchipelago - Entedebir (5.2 mm) described by BIGGS (1971).

In the opinion of Mr. MIENIS (by litt.), « these shells do not be-10ng to Dahlakia leilae nor to any other Dahlakia. They are not onlyconsiderably higher but also much wider than any member of thisrather controversial genus ».

The orderly classing of the shells collected at Bardawil stilI hasto be certified.

Family D i a s t o m i d a e (= Finellidae)

Eufenella pupoides (A. ADAMS, 1860):*)Fig. 4.

Syn: Fenella pupoides A. ADAMS, 1860 - (A. ADAMS, 1870: 122); Finella pupoides A.ADAMS (THIELE, 1931: 209, fig. 209).A New Record far the Mediterranean.MaterialShells: 1) on the beach of AtIit, 5.VIII.1958, 2 sheIIs (NS 12801);

2) dredged - N.W. Akko, to a depth of 54 m., ODe sheII (HUJ).DistributionSuez Cana! - Great Bitter Lake (collection of TeI-Aviv University); Gulf of Suez(A. ADAMS 1870: 122). Persian Gulf, India (MELVILL and STANDEN, 1901: 370).Japan (HABE, 1970: 39).Remark

Noteworthy is the contradiction between the originaI figure pu-bIished in A. ADAMS (1868: pit. 4, fig. 5) and that given by THIELE(1931: fig. 209). According to the type in the coIIection of the Journalde Conchyliologie (MNHN, Paris) the Iatter is the correct alle.

(*) A Red Sca species, Fenella cf. virgata (PHILIPPI) was found at Iskanderun (Turkey)by Dr. J.J. Aartsen (communication by letter of 15.1.1977). This Indo Pacific species shouldbe added to the list of immigrants into the Mediterranean after the publication of Dr.Aartsen on this finding.

Clathrofenella reticulata (A. ADAMS, 1860).Fig. S.

Syn: Fenella reticulata A. ADAMS, 1860 - (A. ADAMS, 1870: 123).A New Record far the Mediterranean.MateriaiHaifa Bay, 11.VII.1970, to depth of 40 m., muddy sand, ODe shell (NS 12809).DistributionGulf of Suez (A. ADAMS, 1870: 123). Persian GuIf (BIGGS, 1973: 359), Japan (HABE,1970: 39, PI. 12, fig. 3).

90

RemarkThis species is extremely variable. Even in a small sample tram

the Persian Gulf (BIGGS, 1973: 359) there are many variations. Ouridentification of this species is based on the characteristic of theshell of this species given by T. HABE (1970: 39) and chiefly on thefigure of KURODA, HABE, OYAMA, 1971, Plate 107, fig. 12, which resem-bles the shell found at Haifa Bay. The determination may howeverbe considered as tentative.

Scaliola cf. elata (SEMPER) ISSEL, 1869.Fig. 6.

A New Record far the Mediterranean.MaterialBardawil Lagoon, 3.IX.1974, 1 m. deep, ODe shell.DistributionGulf of Suez, East Africa - Zanzibar (IssEL, 1869: 198). Red Sea (JOUSSEAUME, 1911:228). Persian Gulf (MELVILL and STANDEN, 1901: 370). Mauritius Is. (P. FISCHER,1871: 211).Remark

Mr. MIENIS (in litt.) disputed the identification of the shell ofScaliola tram Bardawil on the basis of the following facts:

« a) AlI the species belonging to the genus Scaliola are cementingminute grains of sand to their shell much in the way as certain speciesof Xenophora do with stones, shells and corals. These grains of sandform an integraI part of the shells. Even after heayY erosion stilI scarsare visible where these grains were fixed to the shell. This is perti-nently not the case in the figured shell, which does not show anytrace of sand grains.

b) Recently I could study quite a number of Scaliola specimenstram several parts of the Red Sea, among them Scaliola elata. AlIthese specimens show a shell with a rather sharp top. In the figuredshell of Bardawil this is not the case. Instead of that it has a ratherblunt top.

From these differences between true Scaliola and the figuredshell it is evident that the latter is not congeneric ».

Family C e r i t h i i d a e* Diala semistriata (PHILIPPI, 1849).

Fig. 7.Syn: Rissoa semistriata PHILIPPI, 1849

!Al:a.ba semis~ria!a (PHILIPPI) DAUTZENBERG, 1929: 293 (499)Lltlopa semlstrlata (PHILIPPI)Syrnola semistriata (PHILIPPI)

First Israel Record - H.K. MIENIS, 1976 b; 30.

MaterialShells: Bardawil Lagoon - 1) on the beach, 2.11.1970, 84 shells, collected by D. Poper,Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University. 2) in shallow water, 9.1.1974, about 30shells. 3) The sample studied by H.K. Mienis, Hebrew University, Jerusalem(See MIENIS, 1976 b).

91

RemarkDiala semistriata is very variable, it contains different forms.({ Generally we may distinguish two different types among the

Bardawil material:a) a slender shell with straight sides and channelled sutures.b) a relatively wider shell with slightly convex whorls and simple

sutures.Whether these forms belong to two ecological morphs of ODe

species, to two different species or bave to be considered as theexponents of sexual dimorphism, has to be shown by a study of theanatomy.

As already briefly indicated in an earlier paper (MIENIS, 1976 b:30) the Dame of this taxon is preoccupied by Di.ala semistriata (DE-SHAYES, 1833), a tossiI tram the Eocene of France. (A further studyof the literature confirmed this opinion).

A review of the recent Diala species of the Indo-Pacific has toshow whether our specimens tram the Red Sea and Bardawil areindeed identical with D. varia (A. AOAMS) as mentioned by TRYON(1887: 282) or with any other already described taxon ». (MIENIS,by litt.).DistributionSuez Canal: Lake Tirnsah, Great Bitter Lake, Little Bitter Lake, Gul£ o£ Suez(MOAZZO, 1939: 184); Gul£ o£ Aqaba (LAMY, 1938: 73); Red Sea, Aden (TOMLIN,1927: 297); Gul£ o£ Ornan, Bornbay (MELVILL and STANDEN, 1901: 370); PersianGul£ (BIGGS, 1973: 360); Madagascar (DAUTZENBERG, 1929: 293 (499); Mauritius,Japan, Hong Kong (TRYON, 1887: 282).

* Cerithium kochi PHILIPPI, 1848.

Fig. 8. (spawn)Syn: Vertagus kochi (PHILIPPI) - (JOUSSEAUME, 1930: 288).

Ochetoclava kochi (PHILIPPI) - (NORDSIECK, 1974: 58).

MaterialUve: dredged - Haifa Bay: 15.IV.1974, 31 m., ganci, 354 specimens (NS 12860);41 m., sandy mud, 1 specimen (NS 12861); 14.V.1974, 25 m., sandy mud, 217 spe-cimens (NS 12862); 46 m., ~and, 13 specimens (NS 12863); 10.VII.1974, 31 m.,sandy mud, 1307 specimens (NS 12864); lO m., ganci, 22 specimens (NS 12865); Il.VII.1974, 40 m., muddy ganci, 18 specimens (NS 12866); 29.VII.1974, 31 m., ganci,115 specimens (NS 12868); 40 m., muddy ganci, 72 specimens (NS 12869); 31.VIII.1974, 51 m., mud, 1 specimen (NS 12878); 25.XII.1974, 13 m., 4 specimens (NS12871); 24.XII.1974, 33 m., sandy mud, 70 specimens (NS 12872); 25.XII.1974, 44 m..sandy mud, 29 specimens (NS 12873); 25 m., ganci, 18 specimens (NS 12874); 26.XII.1974, 84 m., sandy mud, 1 specimen (NS 12875); 13.II.1975, 31 m., sandy mud,51 specimens (NS 12876); 48 m., sandy mud, 4 specimens (NS 12877); 16.II.1975,69 m., mud, 1 specimen (NS 12878); 26 m., ganci, 151 specimens (NS 12879);28.IV.1975, 33 m., sandy mud, 1278 specimens (NS 12880); 48 m., muddy ganci,37 specimens (NS 12881); 73 m., mud, 1 specimen (NS 12882); 26 m., ganci, 139specimens (NS 12883); Il.VI.1975, 9 m., ganci, 19 specimens (NS 12884); 32 m.,sandy mud, 2218 specimens (NS 12885); 46 m., muddy ganci, 17 specimens (NS12886); 24 m., ganci, 883 specimens (NS 12887); 17.IX.1975, 31 m., ganci, 5723 spe-cimens (NS 12888); 46 m., sandy mud, 311 specimens (NS 12890); 71 m., mud, 1specimen (NS 12891); 25 m., ~and, 581 specimens (NS 12892).Off Bardawil, 31°15'N, 32°41 'E, 31.X.1975, 16 m., stones, 1 specimen (NS 12889).

92

SheIIs: 1) on beaches - Netanya, 16.11.1975, 1 shell (NS 12936); Gaza, 24.11.1975.1 shell (NS 12937).

2) dredged - Haifa Bay, 14.V.1974, 26 m., sandy mud, 4 shells (NS 12955);46 m., mud, 5 shells (NS 12956); 67 m., mud, 4 sheIIs (NS 12957);29.VIII.1974, 40 m., mud, 17 shells (NS 12958); 25.XII.1974, 44 m.,sandy mud, 16 shells (NS 12959); 25.XII.1974, 75 m., mud, 3 shells (NS12960); 13.11.1975, 48 m., sandy mud, 15 shells (NS 12961); 28.IV.1975,48 m., mud, Il shells (NS 12962); 17.IX.1975, 46 m., mud, 6 shells(NS 12963); 71 m., mud, 14 shells (NS 12964).

SpawnObserved by M. Tom in the aquarium of Tel-Aviv University, 28.III.1975. On thesandy ground appeared long narrow, twisted strings (diameter 1.5 mm). The gelatinouscover of the strings looked yeIlowishfi due to the sand grains adhering to it.Remark

This Indo-Pacific species (C. kochi) was found at first in 1963in the Mediterranean waters of Israel. It is at present one of themost abundant species in the continental shelf there, dredged mostlytram the depths of 20-40 m. The most suitable substrate is sand andthe next best is sandy mud.

Notevorthy is the announcement on the appearance of Cerithiumkochi in the waters of Cyprus (DEMETROPOULOS and HADJICHRISTOPHO-RU. 1976).

* Cerithium scabridum PHILIPPI, 1849.

MaterialLive: 1) Intertidal zone - Akko, 19.VI.1975, 1 specimen (NS 12813).

2) Bardawil Lagoon, 2.VI.1974, 13 specimens (BFS 253); 15.IX.1974, 20 spe-cimens (BFS 303).

Shells: 1) On the beach - Netanya, 5.VII.1974, 2 shells (NS 12811).2) Salty water pond - Dor; 15.X.1974, 28 shells (NS 12812); 26.XII.1975,

2 shells (NS 12814).3) Bardawil Lagoon: Il. VI.1974, 68 shells (BFS 239); 12. VI.1974, 24 shells

(BFS 240); 2.VII.1974, lO shells (BFS 249); 16.VII.1974, 64 shells (BFS263); 10.VII.1974, Il shells (BFS 275); 5.VIII.1974, 13shells (BFS 272);6.VIII.1974, 8 shells (BFS 271); 21.VIII.1974, 1 shell (BFS 291); 3.IX.1974, 14 shells (BFS 294); 5.IX.1974, 12 shells (BFS 304); 15.IX.1974,2 shells (BFS 310).

More detailed information is expected from the research of Y.Eyal, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, who is engaged in the study, ofthe ecology and biology of C. scabridum in the South Eastern Medi-terranean - (Report at the meeting of the /sraeli Zoological Society,

1976).Remark1) Cerithium scabridum is a very variable species. SMITH (1891:

417) has named the Aden form Cerithium yerburyi; BIGGS (1973:361) has put C. yerburyi into the synonymy of C. scabridum, thisin accordance with TOMLIN (1927: 295). MOAZZO (1939: 174) listedC. yerburyi SMITH as separate species, but remarked that it isin reality only a variation of scabridum.

2) Noticeable is the recent information about the presence of C.scabridum along the East Coast of Sicily (Communication by let-ter of Dr. A. DI NATALE, 10.XI.1976). This species was found tillnow in Israel, Lebanon-Syria, Egypt.

Q~

arder NEOGASTROPODA

Pamily Muricidae

Rapana rapitormis (BORN, 1778).Fig. 9a, 9b.

Syn: Rapana bulbosa (SOLANDER) (DILLWYN, 1817) - (CERNOHORSKY, 1972: 124).A New Record far the Mediterranean.

MaterialDff Bardawil, IV.1976, 18-27 m. by fisherman, ODe juvenile shell (colI. D. Peled).DistributionGulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba (STURANY, 1903: 31); Red Sea - Dahlak Archip. (REHDERin litt.). Aden (SMITH, 1891: 408); Persian Gulf (MELVILL and STANDEN, 1901: 399);Madagascar (DAUTZENBERG, 1929: 218); Philippines, Japan, New Caledonia (CER-NOHORSKY, 1972: 125, PI. 35, fig. 6).

Remark1) The juvenile shell of Rapana rapitormis found off Bardawil (Me-

diterranean) looks completely fresh and the colors are vivido Thecollector of the shell, Mr. Dov Peled, who kindly put it to our di-sposaI far examination, could noi ascert whether he received theshell tram the fisherman with the soft body or as dead shell.

2) The finding of Rapana rapitormis on ApriI 1976 in the Mediter-ranean, is, in taci, noi the first alle. In the collection of the SeaPisheries Research Station, Haifa, was found another shell ofRapana rapitormis, labelled « Turkey 1966 ». Being doubtful of thereliability of these data, the authors did noi include this speciesin their first survey (1973).

3) Rapana rapitormis is the second species of the genus Rapana inthe Mediterranean region. The first ODe Rapana venosa (V ALEN-CIENNES, 1846) appeared in the Black Sea before 1947. Ever sinceit has spread throughout the whole Black Sea (MIENIS, 1976a: 41).Recently it has been reported tram the Adriatic Sea (GHISOTTI,1974: 13).

* Murex tribulus LINNAEUS, 1758.

MaterialLive: dredged off Bardawil: 31°35'N. 32°46'E., 31.X.1975, 46 m., sandy mud, Cau.lerpa bed, 2 specimens (NS 12953); IV.1976, 27-37 m., 69 specimens (ColI. D. Peled).

The specimens reported bere were found near the entry to theSuez Canal, like those recorded in our first survey (1973) and notelsewhere further.

The prediction of PALLARY (1938: 27) in bis publication on themarine mollusks of Syria « A priori il n'y a rien d'impossible à ce quec.~tte espèce erythr~~nne se trouve sur les còtes de Syrie puisqu'en1912, elle était dejà à Port Said ", seems to be, after 39 years, stilIfar from realization.

94

* Aspella anceps (LAMARcK, 1822).

This species was recorded formerly tram Israel, Egypt, Libya(BARASH and DANIN, 1973). The last years, findings of this specieswere reported tram other parts of the Levant: Turkey - Gulf of Anta-lya (FALCHI, 1974: 89), Cyprus (DEMETROPOULOS and HADJICHRISTo-PHOROU, 1976: 77).

* Thais carinitera (LAMARCK, 1822).

MaterialShells: 1) On the beach - Palmahim, 20.V.1976, 5 shells (NS 12816).

2) Dredged - off Bardawil, II.1976, 18 m., deep, one shell (coli. D. Peled).The reduction in findings of this species, which was formerly

common on the rocky shores, is because of its extermination by an-glers who used this mollusk as bait.

Family C o I u m b e II i d a e* Anachis savignyi (MoAzzo, 1939).

MaterialLive: intertidal zone, Akko 24.VI.1976, one specimen on Laurencia.Remark. According to MIENIS (1972: 18) and BARASH and DANIN (1973: 314),this species was collected far the first time in the Mediterranean onthe beach of Bat Gallim (Haifa) in 1962. Recently indicated MIENIS(1976d: 54) that Anachis savignyi was collected some years earlier.He found in the collection of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, aspecimen tram Shavé'-Ziyyon, which was collected in 1954 and J.VAN AARTSEN found this species in 1958 at Carmel Beach, Haifa.

Family N a s s a r i i d a e

Nassarius arcularius (LINNAEUS, 1758) plicatus (ROEDING, 1798).Fig. lO.

A new record far the Mediterranean.MaterialShells: 1) On the beach of Bardawil, 1.IV.1974, 3 shells (NS 12805).

2) Dredged, Haifa Bay, 29.IV.1968, 18-24 m., one shell (NS 12806).DistributionGulf of Aqaba (IssEL, 1869: 125). Red Sea (VERVOORT, 1967: 30, PI. 3, fig. 2).Somalia (PRIOLO, 1970: 144). Gulf of Oman, Baluchistan, West Pakistan (MELVILLand STANDEN, 1901: 409). The species is moderately common in the CentraI andWestern Pacific (CERNOHORSKY, 1972: 145, Plate 42, fig. 1).Remark

«The nominate species Nassarius arcularius arcularius (LIN-NAEUS, 1758) which ranges tram the Pacific to about Indonesia andIndia, differs tram the Indian Ocean (Western region) subspeciesplicatus in the lack of the prominent spiraI cords; the Pacific arcula-rius is always considerably smoother, usually lacking spiraI cordson the body whorl altogether ». (Communication by letter of Prof.W.O. CERNOHORSKY).

95

Family Fasciolariidae

* Fusinus marmoratus (PHILIPPI, 1846).

MaterialShells: dredged - Akko-Nahariya, 14.VII.1969, 59 m. deep, 2 shells (NS 13023).Hai£a Bay: 10.III.1951, depth unknown (HU]); 24.1.1955, 37 m., 2 shells (SFRS182); 30.XII.1955, 51 m., one shell (SFRS 336); 14.V.1974, 37 m., mud, one shell(NS 12938).O££ Bardawil, ApriI 1976, 37 m., 4 shells (Coll. D. Peled).

RemarkThe first finding of ODe worD shell of F. marmoratus between

Akko and Haifa at a depth of SO m., was recorded by GRUVEL andMoAZZO (1931: 441). After an interruption lasting several decades, theadditional shells mentioned above were found and some of them ingood condition. Fusinus marmoratus may be considered at presentas rather rare or not uncommon in Israel.

.

Subclass OPISTHOBRANCHIA

arder ENTOMOTAENIATA

Pyramide idaeFamily

* Chrysallida maiae (HORNUNG and MERMOD, 1924

Fig. Il.

~

MaterialShells: 1) On the beach of Dor: 15.III.1968, 2 shells (NS 12807); 20.IV.1969,

one shell (NS 12808).2) Dredged - Haifa Bay, 13.III.1967, 26 m., 23 shells (SFRS 1373). Bat Yam:

26.X.1960, 38 m., sandy mud, 19 shells (SFRS 514); 46 m., sand, oneshell (SFRS 515); 27. V .1961, 9 m., sandy mud, 11 shells (SFRS 582).

DistributionEastern Mediterranean: Turkey-Iskanderun (AARTSEN, 1974: 233). Red Sea - Massa-wa, Ethiopia (HORNUNG and MERMoD, 1924: 15, fig. XI).

RemarkDr. J.J.Aartsen found Chrysallida maiae far the first time in 1958

on the Carmel Beach of Haifa (AARTSEN, 1963: 1116) and afterwards(1974: 233) he announced the finding of this species also in Iskande-run, Turkey. Additional information about the occurrence of Ch.maiae at the beach of Iskanderun was obtained tram the late Dutchmalacologist A.L. BRANDHORST (by letter dated 17.XI.1968). In theopinion of H.K. MIENIS (1976c: 53), Chrysallida maiae is probablypermanently living in the Eastern Mediterranean,

96

arder ANASPIDEA

Family Aplysiidae

* Bursatella leachi de BLAINVILLE, 1817, s. sp. savigniana AUDOUIN, 1826.

Material1) Salty water pond, Dor, 2,5.IV.1975, 1 m. deep, 3 specimens (NS 12706).2) Dredged - Haifa Bay, 17.IX.1975, 25 m., sand, one specimen juv (NS 12954).

Off Bardawil: 28.VII.1975, 37 m., 7 specimens juv. (NS 12817); 3M5'N, 32°46'£.31.X.1975, 46 m., sandy mud, one specimen juv. (NS 12910).

arder NOTASPIDEA

Family Pleurobranchidae

Pleurobranchus torskali RuEPPEL and LEUCKART, 1828.Syn: Oscanius forskali (RUEPPEL and LEUCKART, 1828).A New Record for the Mediterranean.

MaterialDredged - Haifa Bay, 14.II.1975, 48 m., sandy mud, 2 specimens (NS 12908).

DistributionGulf of Aqaba, Red Sea (ENGEL and EEKEN, 1962: 22). Gulf of Aden, East AfricaZanzibar (THOMPSON, 1970: 184-186, fig. 6).Berthellina ci trina (RuEPPEL and LEUCKART, 1828).First Israel Record - N.B. EALES, 1970: 217,218.

Material

Live: Dor, intertidal zone, 6.VII.1956, one specimen (NS 993).

Distribution

Suez Canal: North of Lake Timsah, Great Bitter Lake (O'DoNOGHUE, 1929: 788); Gulfsof Suez and Aqaba (HAEFELFINGER, by litt.); Red Sea (ENGEL and EEKEN, 1962: 21);Gulf of Aden, Mauritius, South Africa - False Bay, Ceylon, Indonesia, New Caledonia,CentraI West Pacific - Palau Is., Australia - off Sydney (THOMPSON, 1970: 190).

Remark« This species is a rare visitar to our southern shores (British

shores), although it is prevalent on the Atlantic and Mediterraneancoasts of France. Under various names it has been reported from va-rious exotic localities, even as far as Australia ». (THOMPSON andBROWN, 1976: 44).

Q7

arder NUDI BRANCHIA

Family Glossodorididae

Glossodoris runcinata (BERGH, 1877).Syn: Chromodoris runcinata BERGH, 1877 - (O'DONOGHUE 1929: 811).

Doris inlucata RUEPPELL and LEUCKART, 1828 - (IssEL, 1869: 156).A New Record for the Mediterranean.

MaterialIntertidal zone - Dor, 10.IX.1974, 1 specimen (NS 12914).

Caesarea, 4.IV.1965, one specimen (NS 981).

DistributionGulf of Suez - EI Tur (IssEL, 1869: 156); Gulf of Aqaba - Eilat (ENGEL and EEKEN,1962: 24); Philippines, Tadjoura Bay (O'DONOGHUE, 1929: 823).

Family Discodorididae

Discodoris concinna (ALDER and HANCOCK, 1864).A New Record far the Mediterranean.

Material

Haifa Bay, 29.VIII.1974. dredged at a depth of 40 m., muddy sand, one specimen(NS 12909).

Distribution

Gulf of Aqaba (ENGEL and EEKEN, 1962: 22). East Africa - Tanzania (EDMUNDS,1972). India (RUSSEL, 1971: 65). Eastern Australia (THoMPsoN, 1975: 481-483).

Subclass PULMONATA

arder BASOMMATOPHORA

Family Siphonariidae

Siphonaria kurracheensis REEVE, 1856.

Material

Dor, intertidal zone, 14.VI.1974, one specimen (NS 12818).

98

Class BIV AL VIA

arder FILI BRANCHIA

Family A r c i d a e

* Scapharca natalensis (KRAUSS, 1848).Syn: Arca natalensis KRAUSS, 1848 - (KRAUSS, 1848: 17).

MaterialShells: Bardawil Lagoon: Il.IV.1974, 1 m., deep, one valve (BFS 242); 2.VIl.1974,2 valves (BFS 252); 3.IX.1974, lO valves (BFS 293).

Family G l Y c Y m e r i d a e

Glycymeris cf. arabica (H. AOAMS, 1870).

Fig. 12.

Syn: Axinaea arabica ~. ADAMS ~ LAMY 1911: 106Pectunculus arabtcus (H. ADAMS) 5 '

A New Record far the Mediterranean.

MaterialDor, 14.1.1966, 46 m., deep, one shell (SFRS 1199).

DistributionGulf of Suez, Red Sea, Djibouti, Aden (LAMY, 1911: 107, PI. 111, fig. 4, andLAMY, 1916: 387); (PALLARY, 1926: 112, PI. lO, fig. 4). Madagascar (DAUTZENBERG,1929: 375).

RemarkThe identification of the somewhat damaged shell of this species

found in Israel, offered certain. difficulties. Prof. Fischer-Piette(Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris) gave bis opinion: « chez Gly-cymeris arabicus (AOAMS) il-y-a une certaine analogie avec ce genrede sculpture mais comme votre échantillon est cassé dans la regionpostéro-ventrale, nous ne savons pas s'il presentai t la sub-angulositéque possède arabicus dans cette region ». (Communication by letter).

Family L i m o p s i d a e

I~imopsis multistriata (FoRSKAL, 1775).Fig. 13.

Syn: Arca multistriata FORSKAL, 1775 - (LAMY, 1916: 387).

A New Record far the Mediterranean.

MaterialDor, 22.XII.1965, 48 m., deep, gravel bottom, one shell (SFRS 1187).DistributionGulf of Suez, Red Sea, Aden (STURANY, 1899: 41); Madagascar (DAUTZENBERG, 1929:376 (582)); India (MELVILL and STANDEN, 1906: 799).

99

Family Mytilidae

* Modiolus glaberrimus (DUNKER, 1856).

MaterialShells: dredged - off Bardawil, 31°30'N, 32°58'E, 55 m., deep, I.XI.1975, mud, 7valves (NS 12942).* Brachidontes variabilis (KRAUSS, 1848).

MaterialLive: 1) Intertidal zone - Rosh Haniqra, 20.IX.1973, 2 specimens (NS 12825); Neve

Yam, (South of Atlit), 3.XII.1975, 1 specimen (NS 12826), Tel Barukh,26.1.1972, 3 specimens (NS 12824).

2) Bardawil Lagoon, 16.VII.1974, 5 specimens (BFS 263); 6.VIII.1974, 2 spe-cimens (BFS 283); 21.VIII.1974, lO specimens (BFS 291, 292); 3.IX.1974,4 specimens (BFS 302); 15.IX.1974, 1 specimen (BFS 307).

Shells: 1) Intertidal zone - Rafah, 21.1.1975, 1 valve (NS 12819).2) Bardawil Lagoon, Il.VI.1974, 1- valve (BFS 243); 10.VII.1974, 1 valve

(BFS 265); 16.VII.1974, 5 shells (BFS 267); 6.VIII.1974, 1 valve (BFS279); 15.IX.1974, 32 valves (BFS 303-309).

RemarkOne small live specimen of Brachidontes variabilis was collected

by dredging in Cyprus, Cape Andreas, 22.V.1969, 65 fm (SFRS). ThisIndo-Pacific species was not recorded till now tram this island. Itis desirable to wait far other findings in arder to assure the presenceof B. variabilis in the waters of Cyprus.

Family M a eidae

* Malleus regula (FORSKAL, 1775).

MaterialLive: 1) Intertidal zone - Akko, 16.VI.1975, 1 m., deep, 1 specimen (NS 12820).Live: 2) Dredged - Haifa Bay: 15.IV.1974, 31 m., deep, sand, 3 specimens (NS

12848); 16.II.1975, 69 m., mud, on a sponge, 1 specimen (NS 12849); 18 m.,rocks, 3 specimens (NS 12850); 17.IX.1975, 25 m., sand, 1 specimen (NS12851). Off Bardawil, 31.X.1975: 16 m., deep, rocks, stones, 1 specimen(NS 13021); 46 m., sandy mud, 1 specimen (NS 13022).

Shells: Dredged - off Bardawil, 31°15'N, 32°41 'E, 31.X.1975, 16 m., stones, 3 valves(NS 12931).

Family Pteriidae

* Pinctada radiata (LEACH, 1814).

MaterialLive: 1) Intertidal zone - Akko, 19.VI.1975, 4 specimens (NS 12824).Live: 2) Dredged - Haifa Bay: 15.IV.1974, 31 m., sand, 2 specimens (NS 12852);

16.II.1975, 69 m., mud, 1 specimen (NS 12853); 18.IX.1975, lO m., sand,1 specimen (NS 12854).

ShelIs: On the beach - Netanya, 5.VII.1974, 1 valve (NS 12821); 21.1.1975, 1valve (NS 12822).

100

arder EULAMELLIBRANCHIA

CardiiciaeFamily

* Papyridea papyracea (GMELIN, 1790).

MaterialLive: Dredged - Haifa Bay: 29.IV.1975, 26 m., sand, 1 specimen (NS 12855); 17.IX.1975, 25 m., 1 specimen (NS 12856).Shells: Dredged - Haifa Bay: 29.VIII.1974, 40 m., muddy sand, 1 valve (NS 12939);31.VIII.1974, 51 m., mud, 1 valve (NS 12940).

Family Veneridae

* Paphia textile (GMELIN, 1791).

MaterialUve: Dredged - Haifa Bay: 15.IV.1974, 32 m., muddy sand, 1 specimen (NS 14018);10.VII.1974, 31 m., muddy sand, 3 specimens (NS 14209). Off Bardawil, 31°23'N,33°22'E, 2.XI.1975, 27 m., mud, 2 specimens (NS 12858). .

Shells: Dredged - off Bardawil, 3M5'N, 32°46'E, 31.X.1975, 46 m., sandy mud,1 shell (NS 12943).

TellinidaeFamily

Angulus valtonis (HANLEY, 1844).Fig. 14.

Syn: Tellina (Angulus) valtonis HANLEY, 1844 - (LAMY, 1918: 128).

A New Record for the Mediterranean.

MaterialBardawil Lagoon, 2.1I.1970, 0.5-1 m., deep, 6 valves (BFS).

DistributionSuez Canal: Timsah Lake, Great Bitter Lake (MOAZZO, 1939: 121).Gulf of Suez, Red Sea - Djibouti, Aden (LAMY, 1918: 129).

Family Mactridae

* Mactra olorina PHILIPPI, 1846.

MaterialBardawil Lagoon . shallow water, ca. 1 m., deep.Live: 9.III.1974, 1 specimen (BFS 294); 15.IX.1974, 3 specimens (BFS 300).Shells: 2.VI.1974, 23 shells and 114 valves (BFS 235); 6.VIII.1974, 6 shells and 17valves (BFS 279); 3.IX.1974, 9 shells and 53 valves (BFS 294); 15.IX.1974, 30 shellsand 41 valves (BFS 300, 307, 310).

101

Family Mesodesmatidae

Atactodea striata (GMELIN, 1790).Fig. 15.

Syn: Mesodesma striatum (GMELIN) - (DAUTZENBERG, 1929: 407)? Mesodesma glabrata (GMELIN, 1790) - (LAMY, 1914: 41)

A New Record far the Mediterranean.

MaterialLive: Netanya, 20.XII.1973, 2 specimens, washed ashore (NS 12810).

DistributionSuez Cana! (Timsah Lake, Great and Little Bitter Lakes), Gulf of Suez (MOAZZO,1939: 102); GuIf of Aqaba (LAMY, 1938: 37); Red Sea, Moluccas Is., Philippines,New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji Is., CentraI Pacific Is. (LAMY, 1914: 47-48); Mada-gascar (DAUTZENBERG, 1929: 408); Japan (KIRA, 1968: 166, PI. 58, fig. 33); Indonesia(W. ADAM and E. LELOUP, 1939: 88).

RemarkAtactodea striata has often been confused with A. glabrata. The

main difference between them is in the outline of the shell. A. striatais almost equilateral and ovaie, A. glabrata slightly inequilateral andtriangular. But such a difference is only in extreme cases. There arenumerous intermediate transitional specimens, ranging tram a hightriangle to an oblong ovaie formo Consequently, A. striata and A. gla-brata may be considered as two variations of the same species (afterLAMY, 1914: 47; SATYAMURTI, 1956: 137). It is noteworthy that the geo-graphical distribution of these two species is very similar and almostoverlapping.

Family Gastrochaenidae

* Gastrochaena cymbium SPENGLER, 1783.

MaterialLive: Dredged - Haifa Bay, 11.VII.1974, 77 m., mud, 1 specimen (NS 12859) attachedto the shell of a living Cardita aculeata.Shells dredged - Haifa Bay, 31.VIII.1974, 51 m., mud, 4 capsules (NS 12941) attachedto valves of Glycymeris.

102

GeneraI Remarks

,

13 Indo-Pacific species new to the Mediterranean were recordedin this paper and far 2 species data were given far the first time:Chiton platei and Berthellina citrina.

These 15 species represent 3 classes of Mollusca: Polyplacophora,1 species - Gastropoda, lO (9 new species) - Bivalvia, 4. NoIndo-Pacific species of Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda bave been en-countered hitherto in the Mediterranean.

The only representative of Polyplacophora - Chiton platei - is aparticular record of Indo-Pacific chitonids in the Mediterranean.

Of the 9 new species of Indo-Pacific Gastropoda, 6 belong to Pro-sobranchia and 3 to Opisthobranchia. The Prosobranchia are: Dahla-kia cf. leilae, Eufenella pupoides, Clathrofenella reticulata, Scaliolacf. elata, Rapana rapiformis and Nassarius arcularius. The last twospecies belong to Neogastropoda; the resi to Mesogastropoda.

The Opisthobranchia are as follows: Pleurobranchus forskali (No-taspidea), Glossodoris runcinata and Discodoris concinna (Nudi-branchia).

The new Indo-Pacific species of Bivalvia are: Glycymeris cf. ara-bica, Limopsis multistriata, Angulus valtonis and Atactodea striata.

Of the 13 new immigrants four species were found alive: Pleuro-branchus fo.rskali, Glossodoris runcinata, Discodoris concinna,. Atacto-dea striata. They may be regarded as potentially -resident in theMediterranean.

Nine species were collected only as shells, mostly worn, singlyor in small numbers. These are: Dahlakia cf. leilae, Eufenella pupoi-des, Clathrofenella reticulata, Scaliola cf. elata, Rapana rapiformis,Nassarius arcularius, Glycymeris cf. arabica, Limopsis multistriata,Angulus valtonis. It is noi unlikely that the shells of these specieswere occasionally brought to the sites in which they were found.

The new immigrants enumerated in this paper are mostly fromthe Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba (Eilat); three species Eufenella pupoi-des, Angulus valtonis, Atactodea striata are known also to occur inthe Suez Canal.

Data on the distribution in the Mediterranean of the New Indo-Pacific species, recorded at first in this paper, are presented in TableI. In this table are also included Chiton platei, Berthellina citrina,far which data were noted at first bere, and also the fOì.Ir Indo-Pacificspecies first recorded by J.J. van AARTSEN and H.K. MIENIS: Chrysal-fida maiae, Diala semistriata, Cerithium nesioticum and Ventomnestiagirardi. These species were noi listed in the publications of BARASHand DANIN (1973) and GHISOTTI (1974).

103

As mentioned already, supplementary data has been given far24 Indo-Pacific species recorded previously far the Mediterranean.These are as follows.

GASTROPODA

Diodora rueppelliIsanda cf. holdsworthianaAlvania orbignyiPirenella cailliaudiDiala semistriataCerithium kochiCerithium scabridumMurex tribulusAspella ancepsThais cariniferaAnachis savignyiFusinus marmoratusChrysallida maiaeBursatella leachi savignianaSiphonaria kurracheensis

BIVALVIA

Scapharca natalensisModiolus glaberrimusBrachidontes variabilislWalleus regulaPinctada radiataPapyridea papyraceaPaphia textileMactra olorinaGastrochaena cymbium

AlI the species mentioned above are among those regarded in theformer survey of BARASH and DANIN (1973) as residents in the Mediter-ranean Sea. af the species considered to be occasionaI no new spe-cimens were collected except AZvania orbignyi and Fusinus marmo-ratus. AZvania orbignyi is now represented by 73 shells collected atdifferent localitiés along the Israeli Mediterranean coast and is ob-viously a resident there. Fusinus marmoratus though scarce in thisarea it is not uncommon. .

Altogether 68 Indo Pacific specie s, which invaded the Mediterra-nean, are known today. The great part of these immigrants are Ga-stropoda - 42 species. The Bivalvia are represented by 25 species andthe Polyplacophora only by alle. AlI the species are benthos dwellers.

104

The overwhelming majority of the lndo Pacific species in theMediterranean are concentrated to the north and east of the SuezCanal - on the Levant coast, in particular at lsrael and the SinaiPeninsula. To date only 9 of the 68 species are noi represented in thispari of the South Eastern Mediterranean, or noi with certainty.

lt is worthwhile to note the appearance of the lndo Pacific spe-cies on the islands tram which they were noi recorded in the previouspublications: at Cyprus - Cerithium kochi, Aspella anceps and proba-bly Brachidontes variabilis; at Sicily - Cerithium scabridum. lt seemsthat the spreading of the new lndo Pacific immigrants in other partsof the Mediterranean removed tram the Suez Canal is actually ad-vancing, bui at a very slow rate.

The intensive expansion of Brachidontes variabilis in Sicily israther remarkable. DI GERONIMO (1971) discovered the first speci-mens in 1969 South of Syracuse. At present this species is commonlydistributed along the Eastern and Tyrrhenian coasts of Sicily (ARCI-DIACONO and DI GERONIMO, 1976). Recently living specimens of thismytilid were found on the lonian Coast of Calabria (ZANCA, 1976).

According to our knowledge at present, the mogi successful im-migrants, in terrns of adaptation to the new area are Diodora ruep-pelli, Isanda cf. holdsworthiana, Pirenella cailliaudi, Cerithium sca-bridum, Cerithium kochi, Thais carinifera, Bursatella leachi savi-gniana, Brachidontes variabilis, Malleus regula, Pinctada radiata, Pa-phia textile, Mactra olorina, Gastrochaena cymbium.

The evidence far successful settlement was given far Cerithiumscabridum, Thais carinifera and Bursatella leachi savigniana (BARASHand DANIN, 1973); the finding of their eggs served as proof of theircapacity of reproduction under the changed environmental conditions.The same evidence has now been shown far Cerithium kochi, as thespawning of this species was observed (Fig. 8).

The extreme heterogeneity of the 68 immigrating species from asystematic point of view is noteworthy (Table II). They are dividedamong 59 genera and 43 families. Only 6 genera are represented bymore than one species, namely: Cerithium - 4 species, Rapana - 2,Scapharca - 2, Modiolus - 3, Chama - 2, Papyridea - 2 species.

The ability of the lndo Pacific Molluscan newcomers to adaptthemselves to living in new habitats in the Mediterranean seems tobe a phenomenon on the species level and may noi be atiributed tohigher taxa.

ln5

Table I

Distribution of Indo-Pacific Species of Molluscain the Mediterranean '*'

Species I First record I Distrib. in the Mediterran.

POLYPLACOPHORAChiton platei 1974 (AL. BAR. Israel: Akko, Caesarea

GASTROPODAPROSOBRANCHIA

Dahlakia cf. leilaeEufenella pupoidesClathrofenella reticulataScaliola cf. elataDiala semistriata

present paper!,resent paperpresent paperpresent paper1976 (H.K.MIENIS)1977 (H.K.

IMIENIS)I present paper

presentpaper

I Sinai Peninsula: Bardawil

Israel: Akko, AtlitIsrael: Haifa BaySinai Peninsula: BardawilSinai Peninsula: Bardawil

Cerithium nesioticum

Rapana rapiformisNassarius arcularius

Israel: Shiqmona (SouthHaifa)Sinai Peninsula: BardawilIsrael: Haifa Bay,Sinai Peninsula: Bardawil

OPISTHOBRANCHIA

Chrysallida maiae 1963 (J.J.AARTSEN)1976 (H.K.MIENIS)

present paper1970 (N.B.EALES)present paperpresent paper

Isr: Haifa Bay, Carm. BeachDor, Bat-Yam. Turkey: Isk.Sinai Peninsula: BardawilVentomnestia girardi

= CyZichnina girardiPZeurobranchus forskaZiBertheZZina citrina

Israel: Haifa BayIsrael: Dor

Glossodoris runcinataDiscodoris <,'oncinna

Israel: Dor, CaesareaIsrael: Haifa Bay

BIVALVIAGlycymeris cf. arabicaLimopsis multistriataAngulus valtonisAtactodea striata

presentpresentpresentpresent

Israel: DarIsrael: DarSinai Peninsula: BardawilIsrael: Netanya

(*) Not reported in the publications of BARASH and DANIN (1973) and GHISOTTI (1974).

106

paperpaperpaperpaper

Table II

Composition of the Indo-Pacific Species

in the Mediterranean

Class, Subclass arder Famil, Gen. Species

Class POLYPLACOPHORA Chi toni da 1 1

Class GASTROPODA

Subclass Prosobranchia Archaeogastropoda 4 6 6

Subclass Prosobranchia Mesogastropoda 12 156

I NeogastropodaSubclass Prosobranchia 8 Il 12

Subclass Opisthobranchia Entomotaeniata(Pyramidellidae)

1 1

Subclass Opisthobranchia Cephalaspidea 1

Anaspidea 2Subclass Opisthobranchi'i4 1 2

Subclass Opisthobranchia Notaspidea 1 2 2

Subclass Opisthobranchia' Nudibranchia 2 2 2

BasommatophoraSubclass Pulmonata 1 1 1

Class BIVALVIA Filibranchia 8 9 12

Class BIVALVIA Eulamellibranchia 9 11

TOTAL: 43 59 6&

107

108

Variations of Pirenella cailliaudi (POT. & MICH., 1838)Height 12,5 mm (average)

Chiton platei THIELE. 1910Lenght 16 mm, width lO mm

Clathrofenellaretici/iata (A. Al>\.\1s,

Ht.'ight 2.5 mm

Eufellella Pllpoide.,(A. AD\!\IS, 1860)Height 3,5 mm

Dahlakia cf. leilaeBIGGS, 1971 - Height lO mm

~

Rapana rapiformis (BORN, 1778)View from above (magnified)

Rapana rapitormis (BORN, 1778) juv.Height 24 mm, width 17,8 mm

width with spines 18,9 mm

Chrysallida maiae (HORN. & MERMOD, 19Height 4 mm

Nassarius arcularius (L., 1758)Height 15 mm

Glycymeris cf. arabica (H. ADAMS, 1870) - Length 5 mm, juv.

Limopsis multistriata (FORSKAL, 1775) - Length 16 mm

112

Anglilus \'ultonis (Hi\NLEY. 1844) . Length 16 mm. height 9 mm

Alacludea .,;Iriala (GMELIN, 1790) - Length 17 mm, height Il mm

113

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their thanks to Dr. Cb. Lewin-sohn and Mr. M. Tom of Tel-Aviv University and to Prof. A. Ben Tuviaof the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, far the material they placedat our disposal. Their generous help enabled this study to be carriedauto We are greatly indebted to Mr. H.K. Mienis - Curator of theSection of Mollusca at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem - farbis instructive information and constructive suggestions.

We wish to thank Prof. D. Por and Miss I. Ferber of the HebrewUniversity of Jerusalem far their comments and helpful remarks.Thanks are al so due to Mr. A. Shoob and Miss L. Mamman far takingthe photographs, to Mr. S. Shaefer far the preparation of the map,to Mr. Dan Danin far bis assistance in the spade work far this article,and to Mrs. R. Manneberg far preparation of the manuscript.

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ADAMS A., 1868: Note sur quelques nouveaux genres de Mollusques du Japon.Journ. de Conchy1., 16 : 40.56 (fide MIENIS).

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ARCIDIACONO A. and DI GERONIMO I., 1976: Studio biometrico di alcuni campioni diBrachidontes variabilis (KRAUSS). Conchiglie, Milano, 12 (3-4) : 61-74.

BARASH AL., 1974: Polyplacophora (Mollusca) in the Eastern Mediterranean. Israel J.Zool. 22 : 203-204 (dated 1973 on reprint, Otto 1974 on inside cover, butofficially published Nov. 1974).

BARASH AL, and DANIN Z., 1973 (*): The Indo.Pacific species of Mollusca in theMediterranean and Notes on a collection tram the Suez Canal. Israel J. Zool.,21 : 301-374.

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(*) Dated 1972 on the cover, but produced Juty 1973

]14

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115

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116