al ashmaawiyyah english

7/28/2019 Al Ashmaawiyyah English

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Matn Al Ashmaawiyyah: An English Translation

(Purification, prayer and fasting according to the maliki school)

Written by imam Abdul Baghyy al-Ashmawyy



Matn al-Ashmaawiyyah

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http://madanitimbukti.wordpress.com/

Summary

1. The Chapter About (the Things That Nullify Wuḍuu’ [Minor

Ablution])

2. The Chapter About (the Kinds of Water) That Can Be Used To

Perform Wuḍuu’

3. The Chapter Concerning (The Obligatory Actions of Wuḍuu’),

(It’s Actions Derived From Prophet Muhammad]) and (the Meritorious

Acts of Wuḍuu’)

4. The Chapter Concerning (The Obligatory Actions of Ghusl [Major

Ablution]), (It’s Actions Derived From The Prophet Muhammad) and (It’s Meritorious Actions)

5. The Chapter About (Dry Ablution)

6. The Chapter About (The Conditions of Prayer)

7. The Chapter About (The Obligatory Actions of Prayer), (It’s

Actions Derived From The Prophet Muhammad), (It’s Meritorious Actions)

and (It’s Actions Which are Disliked)

8. The Chapter About (The Things Recommended) in the Prayer

9. The Chapter About (The Prostration For Absent-Mindedness)

10. The Chapter About (The Things That Nullify Prayer)

11. The Chapter About (The Imāmate) from Matn al Ashmaawiyyah

12. The Chapter About (The Friday Prayer)

13. The Chapter Concerning [The Prayer for the Deceased

14. The Chapter About (Fasting)

May Allah reward the author and the translatorMay Allah reward the author and the translatorMay Allah reward the author and the translatorMay Allah reward the author and the translator




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The Chapter About (the Things That Nullify Wuḍuu’

[Minor Ablution])

The Chapter About (the Things That Nullify Wuḍuu’ [Minor

Ablution]) (Know) – (May Allah, Exalted is He grant you success),

(that the things which nullify wuḍuu’) (are of two types):

(impurities) and (that which causes impurities).

(As for impurities), (they are five kinds): (three are from the

front of the body) (and they are): (prostatic fluid), (a thick white

fluid which flows out immediately after urine) (and urine); (and two are)

(from the rear of the body) (and they are): (faeces) (and gas)

.

(As for the causes of impurity), (it is sleep), (which is of

four kinds): (long heavy sleep) which (nullifies wuḍuu’),

(short heavy sleep) which (nullifies wuḍuu’) also,

(short light sleep) which (does not nullify wuḍuu’), and

(long light sleep) for which (wuḍuu’ is recommended).

(Among the other causes of impurity) (which nullify wuduu’) are:

(the loss of one’s senses) (through insanity), (unconsciousness), (drunkenness). (Wuḍuu’ is also nullified) (by apostasy

from Islam) and (doubt as to whether or not one is in a state of

impurity); and by (continuously touching the penis) (with the

inside of the palm) or (by the inside of the fingers) or (by the

sides of the palms and the finger), (although a single finger can be

enough) (if it touches the penis).

(Touching involve four situations): (1) (when one sets

out to derive pleasure) (and finds it), (he should perform

wuḍuu’); (2) (if one finds pleasure), (but it was not his original

intention to derive it), (he should perform wuḍuu’); (3) (if

he set out to derive pleasure), (but he did not find it), (he

should perform wuḍuu’); (4) (if he did not set out to derive pleasure)




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(and he did not receive any pleasure), (he need not

perform wuḍuu’);

(Wuḍuu’ does not become nullified) (by touching the rear end of the

body), (nor the testicles) , (nor the opening of the vagina of a small girl), (nor vomiting) , (nor by eating camel meat) ,

(nor cupping), (nor a venesection), (nor

laughing in prayer), (nor a woman touching her vagina). (It

is said), (if the vagina is fondled), (she should perform

wuḍuu’), (Allah is the Best Knower).




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The Chapter About (the Kinds of Water) That Can Be Used

To Perform Wuḍuu’

The Chapter About (the Kinds of Water) That Can Be Used To Perform

Wuḍuu’

(Know) – (May Allah, Exalted is He grant you success) –

(that water is of two kinds): (mixed) (and unmixed).

(As for unmixed) (it is pure) (and it is valid

water free from impurities); (wuḍuu’ can be performed with it),

(equally whether) (it has fallen from the sky) (or it

has sprung out of the ground).

(As for mixed water), (one of it’s three

characteristics): [it’s color] , [it’s taste] [or it’s smell] has been

altered) (by something). (Mixed water is of two kinds):

1) (Sometimes), (water becomes mixed) (with an impure substance)

and (the water becomes alters by the impure substance). (Water

that contains an impure substance) (is not valid for wuḍuu’).

(If the water has not been altered by the impure substance),

(but the water is a small amount), (the performance of wuḍuu’ with it is disliked). (This is in accord with what is well known in the

madh-hab of Imām Mālik).

2) (Sometimes), (water becomes mixed) (with a pure substance)

(and the water becomes alters by the pure substance). (If the

pure substance is) (is a substance that can be prevented from

being mixed with the water), (like water which has been mixed)

(with saffron), (rose), (dough) (and what is similar

to these things), (then this water) (is pure in its essence),

(but not a purifier for anything else). (It can be used

for ordinary purposes) (such as cooking), (making dough),

(drinking) (and things of that nature). (It can not be




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use for purposes of worship) (nor for wuḍuu’) (nor

anything else in that category).

(If the water can not be preserved from the pure

substance being mixed with it), (like water that has been changed) (by salt from the salt marsh), (or mud), (or the run off from a source where arsenic or sulfur originates)

(or what is similar to these things), (this water in it’s entirety is pure)

and (the wuḍuu’ that is perform with it is valid). (Allah is the

Best Knower).




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The Chapter Concerning (The Obligatory Actions of

Wuḍuu’), (It’s Actions Derived From Prophet Muhammad]) and

(the Meritorious Acts of Wuḍuu’)

The Chapter Concerning (The Obligatory Actions of Wuḍuu’),

(It’s Actions Derived From Prophet Muhammad]) and (the Meritorious

Acts of Wuḍuu’).

(As for the obligatory actions of wuḍuu’), (they are seven):

1) (the intention) (which is made in conjunction with the washing

of the face), 2) (washing of the face), 3) (washing the hands)

(up to the elbows), 4) (wiping over the entire head), 5)

(washing the feet) (up to the ankles), 6) (washing each limb one immediately after the other), 7) (and rubbing each limb

vigorously).

(These are the seven obligatory actions), (but you are

required) (when washing your face), (to comb through

the hair of your beard with your fingers). (If the hair of the

beard is thin) (the skin beneath it will show).

(If the hair of the beard is thick thin), (it is not necessary

for you to comb through it with the fingers). (Similarly), (you are

required) (while washing your hands) (to comb through

the fingers of your hand with the fingers of the other). (This is in accord

with what is well known in the madh-hab of Imām Mālik).

(As for the Sunnah actions of wuḍuu’), (they are eight): (1)

(washing the hands first) (up to the wrist bone), (2)

(rinsing the mouth with water), (3) (inhaling water into the

nostril), (4) ( exhalation); (it is forceful blowing water from the nostril), (5) (repeating the wiping of the head), (6)

(wiping the two ears both (on the outside of them) and (the

inside of them), (7) (renewing the water) for both ears, (8)

(maintaining correct order in performing the farḍ actions of wuḍuu’).




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(As for the meritorious actions of wuḍuu’) (they are seven): 1)

(Basmalah – Bismi-l-laahi-r-Rahmaani-r-Rahiim which said at the beginning of

wuḍuu’, 2) (a clean area) for performing prayer, 3) (using a small amount of water without a limit), 4) (placing the

water container on the right) (if it is open), 5) (

the second and third washing of the limbs) (after having done it once),

6) (beginning at the front of the head), 7) (the siwaak). (Allah is the Best Knower).




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The Chapter Concerning (The Obligatory Actions of Ghusl

[Major Ablution]), (It’s Actions Derived From The Prophet

Muhammad) and (It’s Meritorious Actions)

The Chapter Concerning (The Obligatory Actions of Ghusl [Major

Ablution]), (It’s Actions Derived From The Prophet Muhammad) and (It’s Meritorious Actions)

(As for the obligatory actions of major ablution), (they are five) 1) :

(the intention), 2) (washing the entire body with water), 3)

(vigorous rubbing of the entire body), 4) (washing each limb

one immediately after the other), 5) (combing the fingers through).

(As for it’s sunnah), (they are four): (1) (washing the

hands first) (up to the wrist bone), (2) (rinsing the mouth) with

water, (3) (Sniffing water into the nostril), 4) (wiping

the meaty part of the inside of the ears).

(As for it’s meritorious actions), (they are six): 1)

(starting with the removal of what is noxious) (from his body), 2)

(then perform a complete wuḍuu’ over the limbs), 3)

(wash the top part) of the body (before the bottom part), 4) (washing the head three times), 5) (starting on the right side [of the

body]) (before going to the left side), 6) (using a small amount

of water) (washing each limb meticulously). (Allah is the Best

Knower).




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The Chapter About (Dry Ablution)

(dry ablution) has (obligatory actions), (actions derived from the

Prophet Muhammad) (and meritorious actions) linked to it. (As

for its obligatory actions), (they are four): 1) (the intention) (it is to intend to make the ṣalaah lawful),

(because tayammum does not remove bodily impurity). (This is in

accord with what is well known in the madh-hab of Imām Mālik), 2) (the

worshipper wiping his face) (and his hands) (up to the wrist

bone), 3) (the first patting of the earth, 4) (pure earth);

(it is every kind of top ground on the face of the earth)

(including dust), (sand), (stone), (salt from a salt

marsh) (or what is similar to these things).

(As for its actions which are derived from the Prophet Muhammad), (they are three): 1) (the order of wiping the limbs), 2)

(wiping from the wrist to the elbow), 3) (renewal of the patting

of the earth) (for the two hands).

(As for it’s meritorious actions), (they are three also): 1)

(Basmalah – Bismi-l-laahi-r-Rahmaani-r-Rahiim, 2) (starting

by wiping the outside of the right arm) (with the left hand up tothe elbow), (and then with the inside of the arm [from the

elbow] to the finger tips), 3) (wiping the left arm in the same

manner). (Allah is the Best Knower).




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The Chapter About (The Conditions of Prayer)

(Prayer) (has obligatory conditions) (and conditions

which make it valid). (As for its obligatory conditions), (they

are five): 1) (Islam), 2) (puberty), 3) (discernment), 4) (the time for Ṣalaah has come in), 5) (the message of the

Prophet has reached a people).

(As for the conditions which make it valid), (they are six): 1)

(purification from bodily impurities), 2) (purification from

impure substances which polluted the body, clothing, the place of worship and any

other things connected to worship), 3) (being turn towards the direction

of Makkah, Arabia), 4) (covering nakedness), 5) (leaving off

all speech not connected to worship), 6) (leaving all actions not

connected to worship). And (Allah is the Best Knower).




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The Chapter About (The Obligatory Actions of Prayer),

(It’s Actions Derived From The Prophet Muhammad), (It’s

Meritorious Actions) and (It’s Actions Which are Disliked)

(As for the obligatory actions of the prayer), (they are

thirteen): 1) (the intention), 2) (saying Allahu akbar at the

beginning of Ṣalaah), 3) (assuming the standing position for the prayer), 4)

(reading the first chapter of the Holy Qur’an titled: ‘al-Faatiḥah’), 5)

(assuming the standing position for the recitation of al-Faatiḥah), 6)

(assuming the bowing position), 7) (rising up from the bowing position), 8)

(assuming the position of prostration), 9) (rising up from the

position of prostration), 10) (assuming the sitting position) which is the final

sitting done in conjunction with the closing salaam, 11)

(the Salaam preceded by alif and laam), 12) (calmness) and 13)

(collectedness)

(As for the actions of the prayer which have been derived from the

Prophet Muhammad), they are twelve: 1) (the sūrah which is read

after al-Faatiḥah in (the first rakah) 2) (the second rakah), 3)

(assuming the standing position for the sūrah), 4) (praying

silently in the prayers that are said silently), 5) (praying aloud inthe prayers that are said aloud), 6) (every Takbiirah [Allahu Akbar]) is a

sunnah, except (Takbiiratu-l-Iḥraam) which is a farḍ and has already

been mentioned), 7) (the imām and the one praying alone

saying: sami’a-l-laahu li-man ḥamidah), 8) (the first sitting), 9) (the addition of the salaam [as-salaam alaykum]) (that

is done in the second sitting), 10) (the reply of the one

following the imām to the salaam of his imām), 11) likewise, (the

reply of the one following the imām to the salaam of the person on his left) (if some is on his left). 12) (the barrier) for the imām and

(the one praying alone), when it is feared that someone will pass in front of them.

(As for the meritorious actions of prayer), they are ten: 1)

raising the hands (with the pronouncement of Takbiiratu-l-Iḥraam




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[Allahu Akbar]), 2) (lengthening the reading of Qur’an) in

the Ṣubḥ and Ḍhuhr prayers, 3) (shortening the

reading of Qur’an) in the Asr and Maghrib prayers, 4)

(moderating the reading of Qur’an) in the Ishaa’ prayer, 5) : (the

saying of: Rabbanaa wa laka-l-Ḥamd) (the one who is following imām

and the one who is praying alone), 6) (saying: the Tasbiih

[Subḥaana Rabbiya-l-Adhiim]) while in rukuu and 7) (saying: Ṣubḥaana Rabbiya-l-

Aalaa) while in sujuud, 8) (saying Ta’miim [Aamiin]) while praying alone and

behind an imām, whether the prayer is silent or out loud; the Ta’miim being said by

the imām in silence only, 9) saying (the Qunuut) . It is recited as follows:

Allahumma innaa nastaiinuka wa nastagfiruka wa nuuminu bika wa natawakkalu

alayka wa nuthnii alayka-l-khayra kulluh nashkuruka wa laa nakfuruka wa nakhnau

laka wa nakhlau wa natruku man yakfuruka.

O Allah, we seek help from You and ask forgiveness of You; we believe in You and

rely on You. We praise You in with all that is good and give thanks to you. we do

not disbelieve in you and we humble ourselves before you. We renounce all other

diins we abandon all who reject You.

Allahumma iyyaaka nabudu wa laka nuṣallii wa nasjudu wa ilayka nasaa wa na ḥfidu

narjuu ra ḥmataka wa nakhaafu adhabaka-l-jidda inna adhaabaka bi-l-kaafiriina

mulḥiq.

O Allah it is You Whom we worship and to You that we pray and prostrate. It is

towards You that we strive and struggle. We hope for Your mercy and fear Your

certain punishment. Your punishment will surely come to those who disbelieve.




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(The Qunuut) is not recited in any other prayer except (the

Morning Prayer). It is recited (in the second rakah) before going into rukuu (the

bowing position) and it is read silently.

10) (The Tashah-hud) is a sunnah. It is recited as follows:

Greetings are for Allah, Good actions are for Allah. good words and prayers are for

Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Messenger of Allah and His

blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness

that there is no god except Allah alone without partner and I bear witness that

Muhammad is His slave and His Messenger.

If you say: As salaamu alaykum after this it will suffice (that is to say the recitation of

the Tashah-hud would be the last action required before the worshipper close out

his prayer with the salaam), however if you desire you can also say (before saying As

salaamu alaykum):

I bear witness witness that what Muhammad brought is true. And that the Garden istrue. And that the Fire is true. And that the Hour is coming and there is no doubt

about it. And that Allah will raise up those in the graves.

O Allah pray on Muhammad and the family of Muhammad and have mercy on

Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as you prayed on and had mercy on and

blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. In all the worlds, You are praiseworthy,

glorious.

O Allah, pray on Your angels and those brought near and on Your Prophets and

Messengers and on all the people who obey You.




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O Allah, forgive me and my parents and our imams and those who have gone before

us with imaan with complete forgiveness.

O Allah, I ask You for every good thing that Muhammad, Your Prophet, asked You

for and I seek refuge in You from every evil that Muhammad, Your Prophet, sought

refuge in You from.

O Allah, forgive us for what we have done and for what we have put off doing, for

what we have kept hidden and what we have done openly and for what You have

more knowledge about than us.

Our Lord give us good in this world and good in the next world and protect us from

the torment of the Fire. I seek refuge in You from the trials of life and death and

from the trials of the grave and from the trials of the Dajjal and from the torment of

the Fire and from an evil end.

(As for the things that are disliked in prayer [they include]: 1)

(saying supplication) (after Takbiiratu-l-Iḥraam [the opening])

(and before reading the sūrah which is read after the Faatiḥah), 2)

(supplication) during the Faatiḥah and during the sūrah that follows it, 3)

(supplication) while (in the bowing position), 4) (supplication)

(after the first Tashah-hud), 5) (supplication) (after the

salaam of the imām), 6) prostrating on a garment), (a rug) or (something resembling either one of them) which (has been

made from luxurious materials) (other than a mat).

(Prostration on a mat is not makruh), (however refraining from

prostrating on it (the mat) is even better), while (prostrating

on the ground is the best thing to do), 7) (the prostration of [the worshipper]




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(on the folds of his turban), (the hem of his sleeve)

(or the hem of his robe), 8) (reciting verses of the Qur’ān) while (in

the bowing position) (and the position of prostration), 9) (supplication made in a foreign language) (by the person who is able

to speak Arabic), 10) (turning around during the prayer), 11)

(the worshipper interlocking his fingers), 12) (cracking his

knuckles), 13) (placing his hands on his waist), 14)

(squatting), 15) (closing his eyes) 16) (placing

one on the other), 17) (preoccupation with worldly affairs), 18)

(the worshipper carrying something) (in his sleeve) (or his

mouth), 19) (playing with his beard), 20) (and

it is well known that (the Basmalah [saying: Bismi-l-laahi-r-Rahmaani-r-

Rahiim]) and (the Taaw-wudh [say: auu-dhu bi-l-laahi minash-shaytaani-r-

rajiim]) (are disliked in the obligatory), (unliked in the

supererogatory prayer). (There is a statement transmitted from

Maalik about) (allowing) the Basmalaah to be said, while

(there is a transmission from Ibn Muslamah) (that the Basmalah is highly

recommended) (and, a transmission from Naafi’ about) (it being

required).

(If the worshippers does something from among thethings that are disliked in his prayer), (it is disliked that he does them), (but his prayer does not become invalid). (Allah is the Best

Knower).




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The Chapter About (The Things Recommended) in the

Prayer

(It is recommended for the one who has reached the age of puberty

and is held responsible for his actions) (that he prays supererogatory prayers) (before Dhur and after it), (before Asr)

(and after Maghrib). (Additional

supererogatory prayers after maghrib are also recommended).

(None of these prayers are obligatory), (but they are

recommended). (Also, the forenoon prayer is recommended),

(along with Ṣalaatu-l-Tarā w ī h, (the prayer of greeting the

masjid), (the Shafu) (which consists of at least two rakah)

(and the Witr which consists of one rakah performed after the shafu). (The Witr prayer is a required sunna ḩ). (The recitation of

Qur’an) (in both the Shafu and the Witr prayers) (is read

aloud).

(The worshipper reads in the Shafu prayer) (in the first

rakah) (Sūratu-l-Faatiḥah) (followed by) “ ” (Sabbi-

hisma rabbi-ka-l-alaa) , (and in the second rakah [he reads])

(Sūratu-l-Faatiḥah) (followed by) “ ” (Qul yaa ayyuhaa-l-kaafiruuna). (In the Witr prayer), (Sūratu-l-Faatiḥah)

(followed by) (Qul huwa-l-laahu A ḥad) (and the

Muawdh-dhatayn).

(the two rakahs of the Dawn Prayer) (are among those

things which are preferred), (and it is said) (that it is from among those

this which are Sunnah). (Sūratu-l-Faatiḥah is read in both

of them only silently ). (Allah is the Best Knower).




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The Chapter About (The Prostration For Absent-Mindedness)

(The prostration for absent-mindedness) is (two prostrations) (before the worshipper’s salaam). (if he has omitted a

sunnah mu’akkadah), (He also should recites the tashah-hud with the twoprostrations) (and then he pronounces the salaam for them).

(If the worshippers adds something to the prayer), (he should

perform the prostration for absent-mindedness after his salaam). (If he

[both] omits something from the prayer and adds something to the same prayer),

(he should perform sujuudu-s-sahw before his salaam) (because the portion he omitted is given precedence) (over the

portion he added).

(Absent-mindedness of the worshipper in his prayer) (is of three kinds):

1) (Sometimes), (the worshipper absent-mindedly omits)

(one of the obligatory actions of his prayer). (An obligatory

action cannot be restored by the prostration for forgetfulness). (There

is no doubt, about having to do it). (If he does not remember the

omission) (until he has pronounced the salaam) (or a long time

passed [before he remembers]), (his prayer becomes invalid)

(and he should start it over again).

2) (Sometimes), (the worshipper absent-

mindedly omits one of the meritorious actions of his prayer) (like the

Qunuut), (Rabbanaa wa laka-l-ḥamd), (one Allahu

Akbar) (and what is similar to that). (He is not required to

perform the prostration for absentmindedness) (for any of these

omissions). (If the worshipper performs sujuud) (for any of these omissions), (before he pronounces his salaam), (his

prayer becomes invalid) (and he should start it over again).

3) (Sometimes), (the worshipper absent-mindedly

omits one of the sunnah actions of his prayer), (like the chapter




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that comes with the Ummu-l-Qur’ān) (or two takbiirs) (or the

two tashah-hud) (or the sitting that is done for the two tashahhud)

(and what is similar to these things). (The worshipper should

perform the prostration for absentmindedness for the omission of these actions).

(The prostration for absentmindedness which is performed after the

salaam should not be left undone) (if it is forgotten). (The worshipper

should perform it), (even if he remembers it after a month). (Whether it occurred before the prostration for absentmindedness

which comes after the salaam) (or occurred after the prostration

for absentmindedness which comes before the salaam), (he must

compensate for these errors), however, (his prayer does not become

nullified). (This is in accordance what is well known in the Māliki madh-hab).

(He who is unable to remember whether he prayed)

(three rakahs or two), (should determine the matter based upon

the lesser amount of rakahs) (and perform the number of rakahs

in which there is doubt). (He should then perform the prostration for

absentmindedness) (after his salaam). (Allah is the Best Knower)).




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The Chapter About (The Things That Nullify Prayer)

(Prayer is nullified): [a] (by laughing), (whether it is done

intentionally) (or absent-mindedly), [b] (and by the

prostration for forgetfulness) (for the parts the prayer classified asmeritorious actions), [c] (and by the intentional addition of) (a

rakah), (or a sajdah) (or anything similar) (during the

performance of prayer), [d] (and by eating) (and drinking), [e]

(and by talking intentionally), (unless it is to make a

correction in the prayer). (Prayer [also] becomes nullified): (by a lot of it [speech] unless it is a small amount), [f] (and by blowing

with the mouth intentionally), [g] (`and by bodily impurity), [h]

(and by remembering passed prayers that are owed), [i] (and by vomiting) (if it is done intentionally), [ j] (and by the addition of

four more rakahs) (absent-mindedly) , (to the prayers that have four

rakahs) , (and three rakah), (and by the addition of two

more rakahs) ( to the prayer that has two rakahs), [k] (and by the prostration of the person praying behind the imām), (which

is done because of absent-mindedness), [whether] (it is done before the salaam)

(or after it), (if the worshipper has not kept up with the

imām), (and by not performing the prostration for absent-mindedness which is done before the salaam) (when three

sunnah action have been omitted), and (a length of time has has gone by).

(Allah is the Best Knower).




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The Chapter About (The Imāmate)

(Among the requirements for (the post of imām) (is that he

be) (a male), (a muslim) (in full possession of his mental faculties),

(fully mature), (knowledgeable about the prayer that isunsound) (unless it is a matter concerning the recitation and and

fiqh).

(If you follow an imām) (and then it becomes clear to you) (that he is a kaafir) (or a woman) (or a dubious

hermaphrodite) (or insane) (or a sinner who commits big

sins) (or the youth who not attained puberty) (or a

person who is bodily impure) (who deliberately prays with the bodily

impurity), (your prayer become invalid) (and you are

required to repeat it).

(Having sound limbs is also recommended for the

imām). (The imāmship of the amputee ), (the person

suffering with paralysis), (the person who is unable to control the flow

of his urine), (the person who has a wound on one of his four

limbs ), (and a person who is hated is dislike). (The

imāmship is also disliked for the one who has been castrated), (thenegligent), (the weakling), (the one whose circumstances are

unknown, (the bastard) (and the slave) (in the farḍ prayer)

(as a regular imām), (unlike the naafilah prayer) , (which is not considered to be mak-ruh) (if lead by one of the above

mentioned). (The imāmship of the blind person is permitted),

(and the imamship of an imām from a different madh-hab

[school of Islamic jurisprudence]), (the impotent man), (the leper is

permissible), (except if his leprosy is severe) (and it willcause harm to those who are behind him), (in that case he should keep

away from them).

(It is permissible for the one who prays behind the

imām to stand higher than his imām) (even if it is (on a terrace).




22


(while it is not permissible for the imām to stand higher than the one

following him) (unless the height is insignificant like the height)

of a spear). (If the imām purposely sets out to stand

higher than the person praying behind him out of arrogance), (his prayer

becomes invalid).

(Among the conditions placed upon the one person praying

behind the imām) (is that he makes the intention from the out

set to follow his imām).

(It is not conditional among the duties) (that he

makes an intention to perform the duties of imāmate) (except in

four matters): (in the Friday prayer), (the congregational

prayer), (the prayer of Fear) (and Salaatu-l-Istikhlaaf).

(Some of them [the jurist] add [as a condition of imāmate])

(preeminence in rank among the jamaa’ah) (on the other hand), (giving preference to the Sultaan to act as imām is preferred),

(then the owner / head of the house), (then the

landlord is given precedence over the king), (then the one who

knows the most fiqh), (then the one who knows the most

hadith), (then the one who knows the most knowledgeable about qiraa’ah), (then the one who is most knowledgeable about

ibaadah), (then [the most senior in Islam]), (then the

owner of noble lineage) (and those beautiful [outstanding] of

character), (then those of good character), (and then

those who dress well).

(The one who is competent has precedence in

imāmate) (and competence nullifies the (social) rank in assuming the duty of

imām). (If there is a slave), (a woman), (or

unknowledgeable for example), (it is preferred

the person who is most knowledgeable be appointed from among them).

(Allah is the Best Knower).




23


The Chapter About (The Friday Prayer)

(Ṣalaatu-l-Jumuah is an obligation) (which has been

placed upon each individual Muslim), (and it has required

conditions), (rules), (manners), (and excuses whichallow [the worshipper] not to attend it).

(As for the condition of its necessity), (they are seven):

(Islam), (legal maturity), (intellect), (masculinity),

(freedom), (residence), (and health).

(As for its rules), (they are five):

: (The first element is the masjid) (that is used the central

congregational masjid);

: (The second is the congregation). (There is no

limit for them with Maalik). (On the contrary), (without doubt),

(it is a group of people) (wherein a village can be established by them).

(Some of our imāms support the opinion)

(that Jumuah is permitted to be established with twelve men) (who

remain for the closing salaam).

: (The third element is the first khuṭbah) (and

that it is an essential part [of Jumuah] according to what is sound),

(similarly, so is the second khuṭbah) (according to what is well

known [in the Madh-hab]), (and undoubtedly), (it occurs at

end of the first khuṭbah) (and before the prayer).

(There is also no limit place upon the khuṭbah) (also according to

Maalik), (and undoubtedly), (it is what has been

called by the Arabs a khuṭbah). (Ritual purity is recmmendedfor both khuṭbahs), (and the necessity of the repetition of Qiyaam

[standing position]).

: (The fourth element is the imām). (Among his characteristics)

(is that he is among those people for whom Jumuah is




24


incumbent). (The imāmate should not be given to the young boy),

(the traveler), (nor anyone else besides the two above-mentioned

persons) (who is not obligated to perform Jumuah upon).

(It is a condition) that the person leading the prayer forthe Jamaaah) (must be the one who gives the khuṭbah), (except

for an excuse) (which prevents him from leading the prayer

like illness) (or insanity) (or what is similar to that). (Waiting for him [the imām] is obligatory) (if the excuse that does take

long), (according to what is most sound).

: (The fifth element is place of settlement [residence]). (Jumuah cannot be established), (except in a place

which has been settled), (there is a place for the iqaamah), (and the habitation is possible whether it is town or a village).

(As for the correct manners with regards to Jumuah), (they are

eight):

: (The first of them is major ablution for it) (and it

is a sunnah with the people of knowledge) (and its conditions are) (that it is connected to starting out [for the masjid]), (and if

the worshipper made ablution) (and then becomes pre-occupied by

eating or sleep), (he should repeat the ablution) (according to

what is well known);

: (The second is the toothbrush);

: (the third is trimming the hair]);

: (the fourth is trimming the fingernails);

: (the fifth is to avoid those things that cause

bad breath);

: (the sixth is to dress in the the best clothes);

: (the seventh is putting on perfume for Jumuah);




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: (the eighth is walking to Jumuah not riding),

(except if there are excuse) (which prevents the worshipper from doing

that).

: (the eighth is walking to Jumuah not riding), (except if there are excuse) (which prevents the worshipper from doing

that).

(As for the excuses) (that causes one to stay away from

Jumuah), (they include heavy rain), (an

overwhelming amount of mud), (and smells that are harmful),

(according to all of the scholars), (illness) (and tending to

the sick), (because someone in his family is sick), (like

the wife) (and the child) (and one of the parents), (and there is no one who can care for them), (then he should stay

behind) (in order to care for his sick family member), (similarly),

(if one of his relatives or his brother dies.)

(Maalik said) (concerning the man who dies on the

day of Jumuah), (a man who is with him from among his

brothers can stay away from Jumuah) (to attend to his affairs). (There is

no objection to that).

(Among other the excuses which prevent the worshipper from attending

Jumuah) (is that he fears being beaten by a tyrant),

(or his imprisonment) (or his money being taken).

(It is similar with the poor person), (who fears that his creditor

will imprison him), (according to what is more sound).

(Another excuse is is that of the blind person) (who does not have help).

(However), (if he has someone to guide him)

(or is able to find his way the masjid without a guide), (then he

is not permitted to stay away from it (the Jumuah prayer).

(Travel is prohibited) (at noon time of the day

of Jumuah) (for the one who has to attend Jumuah




26


prayer). (Similarly, talking and performing naafilah

prayers is not permitted) (while the imām is giving the khuṭbah)

(whether it is the first or the second khuṭbah ). (The man must sit and does not pray), (unless he is

doing nafilah prayer) (before the entry of the imām) (and

completes that prayer). (Buying and selling is prohibited) (after the second call to prayer) (and it should be terminated

when it the call to prayer starts).

(Omitting traditional behavior on the day the Jumuah

Prayer is highly disliked), (as well as the imām performing

naafilah prayers before the khuṭbah), (and similarly it is disliked)

(for those who are sitting) (to perform naafilah prayers) (afterthe first adh-dhaan). (It is also disliked for the young girl to

attend Jumuah), (and likewise, traveling after Fajr).

(And Allah is the Best Knower).




27


The Chapter Concerning [The Prayer for the Deceased]

(The prayer for the deceased) (is an obligation that is

upon the whole community), (and its rules are four): (the

intention), (four takb ī rs), (supplication between each of them [the takb ī rs]), (as-Salaam) (and the worshipper supplicate

with which is easy). (Ibn Ab ī Zayd has suggested) (in

his Risaalah) (that the worshipper should say):

“All praise is due to Allah Who gives life to the dead, To Him belongs the Might

the Majesty, the Dominion, the Power, and Sublimity; and He is Powerful over

everything.”

“Oh Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad and

bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad in the same manner as you sent

blessing, showed mercy and blessed Ibrāh ī m and the family of Ibrāh ī m. Surely,

You are Praiseworthy and Exalted.”

Oh Allah, he is Your slave and the son of Your male slave and the son of Your

female slave. You created him and You provided for him. You caused him to die

and You will give him life. You are the One who knows most about his secrets and

what he has revealed. We come to you on his behalf and we are pleading on hie

behalf.

Oh Allah, we seek with the rope of nearness to You. Surely You are the Owner of

promise and protection. Oh Allah, protect him from the trials of the grave and

chastisement of the Fire.




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Oh Allah, forgive him and have mercy upon him and pardon him and protect him

ennoble and his houses and make his grave a wide expanse and wash him with water

and snow and cold and cleanse him of the sins and mistakes like the white garment

is cleansed of dirt and give him a good house in place of his house and a good

people in place of his people and a good wife in place of his wife.

Oh Allah, if he was good, increase him in his goodness and if he did wrong, then

overlook his wrong actions.

“O Allah, he has come to You and You are the Best that anyone can come to. He is

in need of Your mercy and You have no need to punish him.

“O Allah, make his speech firm when he is questioned and do not rest him in his

grave with what is beyond what he can bear. And join him with his Prophet

Muhammad .

“O Allah do not deprive us of our reward for doing this on his behalf and do not test

us after him.”

(You say that immediately after each takb ī r); and after the fourth takb ī r you say:

“O Allah, forgive those who are alive and those who are dead, those present with us

and those absent, those who are young and those who are old, those who are male




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and those who are female. You know everything that we do and where we will end

up – and forgive our parents and those who have gone before us with iman and all

the muslims both men and women and all the muminun both men and women, the

living and the dead.”

“O Allah whoever of us You keep alive, keep him alive in iman and whoever You

take back to Yourself take him back as a Muslim. Make us glad when we meet You.

Make us pleasing at the time of our death and make death pleasant for us. Make it a

source of rest and happiness for us.”

(then you say: As-Salaamu Alaykum to the right).

(If the Janaazah prayer is for a woman), you say: (Oh Allah, she

was your slave). Then you continue to say it for the female, however, do not say,

“ (Change her husband for a better husband), (because she will be a wife) (in the Paradise) (for the

man who was her husband on the Earth). (While the

women of Paradise are reserved for their husbands), (it is not desired

that they [the wives] be changed).”

(If you know that a Janaazah will take place), (but you do not

know) (if it is for a male or female), (you should say):

(Oh Allah! Surely your creation), (then continue to

say it over the female), (because the word: [creation], ( encompasses both the male and female).

(If the Janaazah prayer is for a small child), (you

will say what has already been mentioned) (starting with the intention)

(and all of the takb ī rs and supplications), (however, it isrecommended) (that you say after the praise of Allah) (and prayer upon His Prophet ):




30


“O Allah, he is your slave and the son of Your slaves. You created him and provided

for him. You made him die and will bring him to life. Make him a forerunner and a

stored-up treasure and a reward for his parents. Make their balances heavy through

him and make their reward greater because of him and do not deprive either us or

them of their reward through him and do not test either us or them after him. O

Allah, give him the company of the right-acting muminun who have gone ahead and

place him under the guardianship of Ibrahim. Give him a house better than the one

he had and a family better than the one he had. Save him from the trial of the grave

and the torment of Jahannam.”

(You said that immediately after each takbiir); (and after the fourth takb ī r you say):

“O Allah, forgive our forbears and predecessors, and those who have gone before us

with imān. O Allah, whoever among us You make live make him live with imān, and

whoever You take back to Yourself take him back as a muslim. Forgive all the

muslims both men and women and all the muminun both men and women, the

living and the dead.”

(then you make Tasl ī m (say: As-Salaamu Alaykum to the right).




31


The Chapter About (Fasting)

(The fast of Rama ḍaan is an obligatory duty)

(which is fixed to the completion of the month of Shabaan) (or

the sighting of the crescent moon by two reliable witnesses) (or thespread of the news among a large portion of the community) (and it is

the same as this with the ending the fast). (The one who is

fasting makes the intention to fast at the beginning of Rama ḍaan), (but it is

not incumbent upon him) (to do so for the rest of Rama ḍaan).

(He should maintain the fast until nightfall),

(while it is the Sunnah to hurry to break the fast) (and to delay the

Suḥuur). (If the arrival of the month of Rama ḍaan isconfirmed before Fajr (dawn), (the fasting will become obligatory), (however, if it is not confirmed) (until after Fajr,

(observing the fast will become [immediately] obligatory)). (That undoubtedly)

(it is obligatory to make up that day).

(The intention to fast [which has been made]) (before the arrival

of the month of Rama ḍaan has been confirmed) (is invalid), (like

when the individual who made the intention) (before the sighting of the

hilaal), (then), (and he didn’t eat nor drink), (and then it became clear to him) (that that day was the first

day of Rama ḍaan), (that day is not permitted to him [as one of his fasting days

of Rama ḍaan]). (however, he must continue to abstain

from eating and drinking in it), (because of the sacredness of the

month), (and he must make it up [the day’s fast as well.]).

(There should be no fasting) (on the Day of Doubt),

(in order to make sure it is not the first day of Rama ḍaan). (Performing voluntary fast and the fast that one has pledge to do is

allowed), (if it coincides with [the Day of Doubt]). (It

is recommended however, to refrain from eating at the beginning of the day [the Day

of Doubt]), (in order to allow the people to confirm the sighting [of




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the crescent moon of Rama ḍaan]). (If the day passes)

(and a sighting is not clear), (the people must eat).

(The person who vomits does not break his fast),

(unless he caused himself to regurgitate). (In that case, he must make up the fasting day). (The one who emits seminal fluid while

dreaming doesn’t break his fast) (nor does the one who is cupping break

his fast), (but cupping is disliked for a sick person

who fears exhaustion / feeling faint).

(Among the conditions of a sound fast is) (the

intention to fast which is made before dawn), (whether the fast is an

obligatory) (or a non-obligatory one which is being performed for additional

reward from Allah). (One statement of intention is sufficient for

[the entire] fasting period]). (The fast must be done immediately after the

statement), (like the fast of Rama ḍaan), (the fast of

reparation for ḍhihārah) (killing someone by mistake),

(and the vow that al-mukallaf who swears an oath which he makes binding) (upon himself). (as for the [voluntary] fast that is done for a

consecutive number of days), (the [fast done on a] fixed day), (undoubtedly, the niyyah is made for it nightly / every night.)

(Among the conditions of a sound fast is) (purity from the blood of menstruation and the blood after childbirth).

(If the blood of menstruation and the blood after childbirth

stops flowing) (before dawn), (at that moment), (the fast of that day becomes incumbent upon the woman), (even if she did not bath) (until after fajr). (The intention [to

fast] should be repeated) (when the following comes to an end):

(sickness, menstruation, and parturition, and what issimilar to these).

(The other conditions of a sound fast that are): (full

intellectual consciousness). (As for those who doe not have full

intellectual consciousness), (like the insane person) (and the




33


person who is unconscious), (fasting is not sound for

them in that condition), (It is requisite, for the

insane person who regains his full intellectual consciousness)

(even if it is after a many of years) (to complete) (the fasting

that he didn’t do) (while he was in his state of insanity),

(and it is the same for the unconscious person) (when he regains his

consciousness).

(The other conditions of a sound fast that are): (to

refrain from sexual intercourse), (eating) (and drinking). (The

one who does) (any of these things during the day

during Rama ḍaan) (intentionally), (and it is not from his own

understanding (interpretation) (nor out of ignorance), (then hemust make up the fast day) (and do reparation for it). (The

reparation required for each of these cases) (is the feeding of sixty

destitute people) (with one mudd for each destitute person)

(using the mudd of the Prophet), (may Allah bless him and grant

him peace). (It is what is most preferred). (The person who

must do reparations can also do it) (by freeing a believing slave)

(or by fasting two consecutive months).

(As for what arrives in the throat through a place other

the mouth), (like the ear) (or the nose) (or what is similar),

(even if it is incense), (the person fasting only has to make

up the fast). (It is the same with regards to phlegm) (which

he can spit out), (and what went down the throat beyond control) (from rinsing the mouth with water), (and the siwaak), (everything that goes into the stomach), (even if by

colonic iirigation), (and similarly, the one who ate) (after

having doubted that the dawn had come in), (he is not required

to do anything in regards to any of these previously mentioned things)

(except the making up the fast day). (He is not required to complete

the fast however), (if he is overcome by flies {enter his throat]), (dust of the road), (flour), (or plaster) (used by his




34


workman), (or an injection of a lawful substance into the penis), (nor putting any substance in the stomach).

is lawful in regards to the fast):1. ([the use of] Siwaak)

(the entire day) 2. (as well as rinsing the mouth with water) (because of thirst) 3. (major impurity if it occurs). 4. (If the

pregnant woman) (fears for what is in her stomach),

(she should break her fast). (and she does not have to feed anyone because

if breaking her fast), (It has also been said), (that she should feed

people), (and the nursing mother), (if she fears for her

child), (and she can’t hire a wet nurse for him) (or the

child doesn’t accept [being breast fed]) (by anyone other than her),

(she should break her fast and she must feed people). (It isthe same with the elderly person), (it is recommended that he feed

people, if he breaks his fast). (and similar is someone

who fails to make up missed days) (until another Rama ḍaan

comes). (The feeding in all of these cases) (is a mudd) (each day that has to be completed).

(It is highly recommended for the one fasting) (to guard histongue), (to quickly complete), (what he owes from

the fast), and (to do what’s owed in the correct order).

(Fasting is highly recommended on the Day of Arafat)

(for those who are not performing the Ḥajj), (alsoĀshūrā’),

(the Fast of the 10 days of Dhū-l-Ḥijr), (al-Muḥarram),

(Rajab), (and Shabān), (and three (3) days every

month).

(Mālik disapproved) (them [the fasting days] to be the

“Bright Days” ) (in order for them [these fasting days] avoid the

limiting of them).




(Similarly, he disliked fasting the 6 days of Shawaal) (fearing that the ignorant person would join them with

Rama ḍān).

(Tasting salt is disliked for the person whose fasting). (If he does that) (and spits it out), (and none of it goes

down his throat), (he is not required to do anything).

(Sexual foreplay is disliked) (for the person who is

fasting), (for example: kissing), (touching), (continuous

gazing [with lust]), (and playing around) (when it is

know how to prevent it), (unless the foreplay is unlawful for him),

(but if he emits prostatic fluid) (as result of it), (he only has to make up that fast day), (but if he emits sperm),

(then he must make up the fast day) (and do reparations as well).

(Standing during Ramadān) (is highly recommended).

(The Messenger of Allah said), (“Whoever stands in

Rama ḍān) (with belief) (with anticipation of his reward from Allah)

(will have his prior sins forgiven).” (It is recommended

do it alone [at home]), (if does not lead to the masjids being empty).

(Allah is the best Knower).

al ashmaawiyyah english

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