Guided by

NAME

(H.O.D.) DEPARTMENT OF EC ENGG ,

“METRO TRAIN PROTOTYPE ”

A PROJECT REPORT

Presented by NAME

NAME

NAME

“ EC ” 3RD YR

INTRODUCTION

The automated system for a metro rail is an integrated application which makes announcements and displays the

relevant station information when the train reaches a particular station. The implementation of the paper is based on Radio Frequency Tags and corresponding readers. Serial communication, non-volatile memory storage, voice chip

implementation and others aid in bringing out the desired functionality. This embedded application mainly focuses on overcoming loop holes in the existing system. It is optimized

to meet the cost and power consumption requirements.

Few of the metro train networks in the country are as follows

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (DMRC) Kolkata metro rail.

Mumbai Metropolitan Regional Development Authority (MMRDA). Namma Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation.

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (DMRC)

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (DMRC)

The city of Delhi with a population of round 12 (16.2) million should have had an MRTS network of at least 100 (300) KM by this time, whereas actually it is still (65.10 kms) at the take-off

stage. Delhi has all the ideal dress-up for an excellent Mass Rapid Transit System to be brought in. It has wide roads (roads cover 23% of the city area) where road possession for construction is not difficult (except in the old city area). Implementation will also not involve demolition of large scale private properties. Most of the land required is under Government control and

hence can be easily acquired.

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation building unit at Badarpur

Kolkata metro rail

The burgeoning transport problem of Kolkata drew the attention of the city planners, the State Government and also the Government of India. It was soon realised that something had to be done and done fast to cope up with the situation. It was Dr. B.C. Roy, the then Chief Minister of West Bengal, who

for the first time conceived the idea in 1949 of building an Underground Railway for Kolkata to solve the problems to

some extent. A survey was done by a team of French experts but nothing concrete came out. Efforts made to solve the

problem by augmenting the existing fleet of public transport vehicles barely touched the fringe of the problem as the roads

account for only 4.2% of the surface area in Calcutta as compared to 25% in Delhi and even 30% in other cities

The salient features of kolkata metro rail project

Basic Block diagram of the Metro Train Project

The Circuit Diagram

The final circuit diagram showing various pin connections and the components interfacing to the microcontroller is shown .

PCB showing controller and interfaced components

INTRODUCTION TO RFID

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID

tags or transponders. The technology requires some extent of cooperation of an RFID reader and an RFID tag.

An RFID tag is an object that can be applied to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification and tracking using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and

beyond the line of sight of the reader.

An RFID tag is an object that can be applied to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification and tracking using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and

beyond the line of sight of the reader.

RFID BASED RAILWAY PLATFORM TO DISPLAY THE EXACT

POSITON OF COACH

COMPONENTS OF RFID

A basic RFID system consist of three components:

An antenna or coil

A transceiver (with decoder)

A transponder (RF tag) electronically programmed with unique information

ANTENNA

The antenna emits radio signals to activate the tag and read and write data to it. Antennas are the conduits between the tag and the transceiver, which

controls the system's data acquisition and communication. Antennas are available in a variety of shapes and sizes; they can be built into a door frame

to receive tag data from persons or things passing through the door, or mounted on an interstate tollbooth to monitor traffic passing by on a

freeway. The electromagnetic field produced by an antenna can be constantly present when multiple tags are expected continually. If constant

interrogation is not required, a sensor device can activate the field.

TRANSFORMER

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors — the transf ormer'scoils or "windings". Except for air-core transformers, the conductors are commonly wound around a single iron-rich core, or around separate but magnetically-coupled cores. A varying current in the first or "primary" winding creates a varying magnetic field in the core (or cores) of the transformer. This varying magnetic field induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) or "voltage" in the "secondary" winding. This effect is called mutual induction

The primary winding is connected to a 60-hertz ac voltage source. The magnetic field (flux) builds up (expands) and

collapses (contracts) about the primary winding. The expanding and contracting magnetic field around the primary winding cuts the secondary winding and induces an alternating voltage into

the winding. This voltage causes alternating current to flow through the load. The voltage may be stepped up or down

depending on the design of the primary and secondary windings.

MICROCONTROLLER

A microcontroller is a single chip that contains the processor (the CPU), non-

volatile memory for the program (ROM or flash), volatile memory for input and output (RAM), a clock and

an I/O control unit. Also called a "computer on a chip," billions of microcontroller units (MCUs) are

embedded each year in a myriad of products from toys to appliances to automobiles. For example, a single

vehicle can use 70 or more microcontrollers. The following

picture describes a general block diagram of microcontroller.

16 x 2 CHARACTER LCD

FEATURES

5 x 8 dots with cursor

Built-in controller (KS 0066 or Equivalent)

+ 5V power supply (Also available for + 3V)

1/16 duty cycle

B/L to be driven by pin 1, pin 2 or pin 15, pin 16 or A.K (LED)

N.V. optional for + 3V power supply

CONCLUSION

This paper aims at an automated system to make announcements and display at stations

codes. Finally as a part of a project we can implement an automatic door opening system in

feature by interfacing a dc motor to the micro controller. The main aim of this project is to make an automated place announcement

system for Train using voice IC and the radio frequency wireless card for tracking the station

data. It can be extended to any number of stations