airport operations and markings

8/2/2019 Airport Operations and Markings

1/44

Airport Operations and

Markings


2/44

Overview Safety of Flight

Airports

Airport Operations

Airport Signs

Runway Incursion Avoidance

LAHSO

Airport lighting


3/44

References AIM

Chapter 2

FAA.gov Pilots Handbook Of Aeronautical Information

Chapter 12

FAA.gov

Jeppesen Private Pilot Manual Chapter 4


4/44

Objectives Better understand the environment you will

operating in.

Learn the basic safety measures that should betaken in and around airport environments

Recognize and understand basic airport

markings, signs and lighting Know the definition of LAHSO, when it may

be used and who can/should participate


5/44

Safety of Flight Collision Avoidance

Majority of Midair Collisions

VFR 5 miles of airport

Daylight

See and Avoid


6/44

Safety of Flight Visual Scanning

Normal field of vision is about 200 degrees

Sharp focus, detail in narrow cone of about 10degrees

Use a series of short, regularly spaced eye

movements (10 degrees every 10 sec)


7/44

Safety of Flight Visual Scanning

Aircraft that doesnt appear to be moving?

Bright Sunlight Haze, reduced visibility

Empty field myopia


8/44

Safety of Flight Blind Spots

High wing

Turning Takeoff

Low wing Approach and Landing phases

Avoid climbing or descending at steep angles Shallow S-turns


9/44

Safety of Flight Airport Operations Maneuvering

Clearing Turns

Right of Way Rules Distress Head on Overtaking Converging Landing/Lowest

Minimum Safe Altitudes Congested Area Uncongested


10/44

Safety of Flight Taxiing in Wind Left Front Quartering

Turn yoke left, left aileron comes up

Left Back Quartering Turn yoke Right, right aileron comes up

Down elevator/stabilator

Right Front Quartering

Turn yoke right, right aileron comes up

Right Back Quartering Turn Yoke left, Down elevator/stabilator


11/44

Safety of Flight Wake Turbulence

Vortex Generation

Avoid region within100 feet of vortex

Heavy, clean and slow

Circulation is outward

and upward


12/44

Safety of Flight Landing behind a larger aircraft on the same runway Stay at or above the larger aircrafts approach flightpath and land beyond its touchdown

Landing behind departing aircraft Touch down well before the large aircrafts liftoff point

Departing after a large aircraft has landed Lift off beyond its touchdown location

Taking off behind a large aircraft Lift off before the large airplanes rotation point and climb out above or upwind of its

flight path Learn more! AIM 7-3


13/44

Safety of Flight Positive exchange of controls

Always know who is flying

Passing: You have control Taking: I have control

Passing: You have control


14/44

Airports Controlled

Operating control tower

Two way radio required Uncontrolled

No Tower

No radio required


15/44

Airports


16/44

Airports Traffic Patterns


17/44

Airports Wind Indicators

Wind Sock

Wind Tee Tetrahedron

Segmented Circle


18/44

Airports Noise Abatement

Designated runway

Restrict some operations Tower, A/FD


19/44

Airport Markings

VFR and IFR


20/44

Airport Markings


21/44

Airport Markings

Displaced Threshold Obstruction

May be available for taxi White line marks the

Beginning of landing portion


22/44

Airport Markings Blast Pad/Stopway

Area Cannot be used for

landing, takeoff ortaxiing

Propeller or jet blast candissipate withoutcreating a hazard

Can be used in the eventof an aborted takeoff

YellowChevrons

indicate blast

pad/unusable

portion of

runway

White line

marks

beginning of

useable runway


23/44

Airport Markings

Runway Closure Mayor Delay bulldozes

airport

Other operations

NOTAM should be

issued


24/44

Airport Markings

Taxiway Continuous yellow stripe

Hold lines Wherever Taxiway intersects runway

You are clear of runway on the side with the solid lines


25/44

Airport Markings

ILS hold line


26/44

Hand Signals


27/44

Airport Signs

Mandatory Instruction

Sings Entrance to runway,

critical area or

prohibited area

Red with white letters

or numbers


28/44

Airport Signs Location Signs

Identify Taxiway orrunway where you are

currently located Identify runway

boundary or ILS criticalarea for area exitingrunway

Black background withyellow writing and

border


29/44

Airport Signs

Direction Sign Indicate directions of

taxiways leading out of

an intersection Yellow background,

Black writing

Arrows


30/44

Airport Signs

Destination Signs Indicate general

direction to location on

airport FBO, Military or

international areas

Yellow background,

black writing, arrow


31/44

Airport Signs

Information Sign Advise you of good to

know information Areas that cannot be

seen from control tower

Radio Frequencies

Noise Abatement

Yellow Background,Black inscription
http://www.pdkairport.org/images/Incursion/Incursion_-_Caution_sign.JPG


32/44

Airport Signs Runway Distance

Remaining Distance remaining

information to pilots duringtakeoff and landing

Located on sides of runway

Thousands of feet

Turbojet aircraft

Black with White writing


33/44

Airport Signs


34/44

Runway Incursion Avoidance

Any occurrence at an airport involving an

aircraft, vehicle, person or object on the

ground that creates a collision hazard orresults in loss of separation with an aircraft

taking off or intending to take off, landing or

intending to land


35/44

Runway Incursion Avoidance Study airport layout during preflight Complete checklists while stationary Lear and unambiguous pilot- controller communication readback! Know your location, do not become distracted

Stop and ask if unsure Position yourself to see landing aircraft Monitor appropriate frequency Stay with tower after landing until instructed to change Use your taxi/landing lights when practical

Report confusing markings or signs Make sure you understand the required procedures such as LAHSO


36/44

Land and Hold Short Operations Landing and then holding short of an intersecting

runway, taxiway, predetermined point or anapproach/departure flight path

Increases airport capacity, maintain system efficiencyand enhance safety

Student pilots conducting solo ops are not authorizedto participate

Must be trained and qualified

Acceptance indicates you fully understand all aspects


37/44

Airport Lighting

Airport Beacon Used to guide pilots to

lighted airports

Green/White: Civilian

Green/yellow: water

airport

Green/2 white: Military

Green/yellow/white:

Heliport


38/44

Visual Glideslope Indications

Tri-color VASI


39/44

Visual Glideslope Indicator

Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)


40/44

Visual Glideslope Indicators

Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)


41/44

Visual Glideslope Indicators

Pulsating Approach Slope Indicator


42/44

Airport Lighting Runway Edge Lights

Single row of white lights bordering each side of runway and lightsidentifying the runway threshold

Three Intensity Levels: High Intensity (HIRLs), Medium Intensityrunway lights (MIRLs), and Low intensity runway lights (LIRLs)

Some are Pilot Controlled, some ATC controlled

Runway End Identifier Lights (REILS) High intensity white strobe lights placed on each side of the runway

to mark the threshold

Runway Lights White

Taxiway Lights Blue


43/44

Pilot Controlled Lighting Use your aircrafts microphone on specified frequency

(CTAF) Check A/FD

Click mike 7 times Max intensity

Click mike 5 times Medium intensity

Click mike 3 times Low intensity


44/44

Obstruction Lighting

On and Off airport

Day and night

Towers Buildings

Powerlines

Bright red or white

airport operations and markings

Documents