airfield. our field. runway edge and approach lighting installation and aiming october 1, 2014 john...

Airfield. Our Field.

Runway Edge and Approach Lighting

Installation and Aiming

October 1, 2014

John Chapman

ADB Airfield Solutions

Slide Header 1Presentation Title TrebuchetBold 20pt

09/29/20122

Runway Edge and Approach LightingInstallation and Aiming

• Approach Fixture Lighting• Installation Guidance• Alignment

• Elevated Fixture Lighting• Installation Guidance• Alignment

• Inpavement Fixture Lighting• Installation Guidance• Torquing Requirements


09/29/20123

Installation of an Edge Light to the Runway Centerline

• Runway edge fixture is toed on two sides• Position the fixtures on either side of the runway so

that the arrow embossed on the top of the outer glassware points to the runway centerline

Left Toe-in Right Toe-in


09/29/20124

Installation of Threshold Light to theRunway Centerline

• Green side is toed in to centerline 3.5°• Red side is straight• Position the fixtures on either side of the runway so that the

arrow embossed on the top of the outer glassware points to the runway centerline

3.5° Toe

Approach End of Runway

3.5°Toe

Left Toe-in Right Toe-in

Runway RunwayRed

Green


09/29/20125

Why is Alignment Important

Use Color Beam Spread (deg) Average Intensity (cd)

Hor Vert Measured Required

ICAO Runway Edge (45m) White -2 to 9 0.2 to 7 14,505 10,000

ICAO Runway Edge (60m) White -2 to 11 0.2 to 7 12,449 10,000

FAA Runway Edge (L-862) White -2 to 9 0.2 to 7 14,505 10,000

ICAO Runway End (M I) Red ±6 0.25 to 4.75 1,365 -

ICAO Threshold (H I) Green -2 to 9 1 to 10 1,711 -

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Approach Lighting


09/29/20127

Simple Approach System (ODALS)

TP-312 Revision 4


09/29/20128


TP-312 Revision 4

Runway threshold lights shall be provided for a runway equipped with runway edge lights except on a non–instrument or non–precision approach runway where the threshold is displaced and wing bar lights are provided.


09/29/20129


TP-312 Revision 4

a) On a runway less than 45 m in width, six lights arranged in two groups, and on a runway 45 m and greater in width, eight lights arranged in two groups;

b) in addition to those lights required by (a) above, when a precision approach runway category I lighting system is installed, additional lights as required to achieve a maximum spacing of 3 m between individual lights; and

c) in addition to those lights required by (a) and (b) above, on a precision approach runway category II or III, additional lights as required to achieve a maximum spacing of 1.5 m between individual lights.


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TP-312 Revision 4Section 5.3.11


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Threshold Light (Green)

TP-312 Revision 4Appendix B.1.3


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CAT II/III Threshold

TP-312 Revision 45.3.5.25

The lights shall be aligned laterally with their beam axis parallel to the extended runway centre line. The vertical alignment of lights shall be in accordance with Table 5-3 and Figure 5–14.


09/29/201213

Threshold Light

TP-312 Revision 4Table 5-3


09/29/201214

Centre Line

TP-312 Revision 4

B .1 .12 .3 Standard .— Approach and runway light units shall be installed so that the main beam is aligned within one-half (0.5) degree of the specified requirement.

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TP-312 Revision 4Figure B-1

Approach Centre Line Light (White)

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Side Row Light - Red

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Elevation Settings – Category II/III

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09/29/2012

Fixture Alignment – UELCElectronic Alignment Device

Calibration ProceduresTo calibrate electronic level, turn level on and place the level on a clean smooth, flat surface. Wait ten seconds. Push and hold the CALIBRATE button for 2 seconds. “CAL1” will appear briefly on the display.

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Rotate the level end for end. Wait 10 seconds

Push the CALIBRATE button again. “CAL2” will appear briefly on the display.

The electronic level has been calibrated for level.

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Remove the existing optical/lamp assembly from the UELC fixture to be aimed. Install the aiming device on the light unit in its place as shown. On the UELC fixture, engage the latch over the pin on the aiming device to hold it secure to the unit.

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Mounting Tolerance – The vertical and lateral tolerance with respect to an individual light center within a barrette of lights shall be +/- 3 cm.

Prior to aiming the light units, the structures on which the fixtures are to be mounted must be leveled vertically and horizontally to ensure proper aiming of the fixtures. Mounting columns must be plumb both perpendicular and parallel to the runway centerline. Tower cross arms must be leveled horizontally.

Mount the fixture securely to the mounting column but do not over tighten. Ensure that all three mountingscrews are equally tight. The fixture should be able to be rotated by loosening the front screw only.

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Horizontal aiming is performed by use of the rear “V” site and the front clear line site. A forward alignment point is surveyed approx. 20 – 30 m in front of the light. Alternately, a light in the preceding approach barrette can be used as an alignment point.

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09/29/2012


Install the approach light fixture on its mounting and lightly tighten the three slipfitter bolts equally to snug the fixture to the mounting. Install the aiming device on the approach light fixture and by looking through the rear site of the aiming device, rotate the fixture until the front site is aligned with the fixture or survey mark directly in front of the light unit.

Rotate the fixture until the alignment point is centered on the clear line site and the vertical line sight is centered in the “V” site. If necessary, the site can be rotated vertically by loosening the knurled screw on the side plate. This is useful when the aiming mark is lower that the fixture mounting level. Ensuring that the fixture does not rotate, adjust the two side slipfitter bolts until the unit is level.

Tighten the front slipfitter bolt to lock the unit to the mounting. Tighten the locking nuts on all three slipfitter bolts.

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09/29/2012


Should a specific horizontal toe-in be required, the horizontal aiming point shall be established through surveying to give the appropriate toe-in angle (typically 3º). Please see below for the method of determining toe-in angle.

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Vertical Aiming

Once the horizontal leveling of the fixture is completed, the vertical aiming angle can now be set.

Ensure that the digital level is calibrated in accordance with the instructions above and that the level is properly installed in the aiming device. The screws securing the digital level to the aiming device must be located on the bottom of the mounting holes. While tightening the securing screws, press down lightly on the aiming device to ensure that is properly seated.

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09/29/2012


Turn on the digital level and allow a few seconds for the display to stabilize. Carefully turn the FRONT aiming bolt until the digital readout on the level indicates the correct aiming angle for the approach position.

Secure the vertical aiming angle by tightening the rear aiming bolt.

Confirm the aiming angle is as required and readjust if required. Tighten the locknuts on each aiming screw to secure.

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09/29/2012


Recommended Aiming Check Intervals

The following are the recommended intervals for the checking of the approach aiming angles:

a) After initial installation – every 3 months for the first year.

b) Then every 6 months.

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Fixture Alignment – FAE

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Fixture Alignment – FAEStandard Mounting Device

1. Secure the system to the light with the two front pins in the correct holes of the front ring.

The handle is secured in a hole in the rear part of the light body.

2. Set the elevation leveling angle.

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09/29/2012


3. Level the light approximately to allow the azimuth orientation of the light.

4. Orient the light in the correct position (generally parallel to the runway axis) using the sighting device.

If there is no light in the same alignment, use a reference pole. Otherwise, use another light (installed at the same distance of the axis).

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5. Secure the three light fastening screws to the support.

6. Use the spirit level to set the light at the correct elevation by unscrewing/screwing slightly the two opposite screws.

7. Remove the device.

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Fixture Alignment – FAEElectronic Mounting Device

The system consists of a support similar to the one used with the standard simplified mounting device.

However, the support is equipped with a sensor connected to a remote digital display through a 10 m long cable. The operator can then read the angle setting from theground.

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1. Lower the mast.2. Set the device to the

light body.3. Raise the mast.4. Read the angle

indicated on the digital display.

5. If necessary, correct and repeat the operation.

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During the approach installation, another method consists to use a platform for an easy initial adjustment with the operator at the light level.

A flight check shall be performed to detect gross misalignment in the approach and runway threshold lighting system.

Errors shall be corrected and the system shall not be put in operation until it hasbeen found satisfactory during the flight test.

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Elevated Fixtures

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09/29/201248

Elevated Fixture Alignment (BPE)

Place and secure the dome assembly by means of the two thumbscrews as shown.

Set the light horizontally using the two water levels. The leveling is done by unscrewing slightly the three clamp fastening screws.


09/29/201249

Elevated Fixture Alignment (BPE)

Align the light with the other light, the first light being aligned with a correctly positioned target pole. Check again for correct leveling and tighten the three clamp fastening screws. Remove the leveling device.


09/29/201250

Elevated Fixture Alignment (LED EREX)

The fixture is aligned in azimuth by looking at a reference mark through the alignment tool.

Depending on the position of the fixture, the reference mark may be another light in the same rowor a stick installed for this purpose. Usually, for runway edge lights another light of the same rowis used.

For threshold / runway end lights, a stick can be installed in the prolongation of the line ofthe threshold / runway end lights


09/29/201251


Level the fixture

1. Move the fixture until it is level and hold itthere. Examine the spirit levels (A) and (B).


09/29/201252


Align the fixture

1. From the top down, look into the mirror (A)and turn the fixture until it aligns with the other fixtures (B).

2. Hold the fixture in this position.

3. Examine again if the fixture is level.

Do not tighten the screws on the stem until the adjustment is finished.


09/29/201253


Finish

1. Tighten the screws (A) gradually. Use an Allen key and an open spanner size 10.

CAUTIONTighten the screws progressivelyto a torque of 8Nm.


09/29/201254


Finish

1. Remove the alignment tool.

2. Make sure that the arrow (A) points to the centre of the runway.

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Inpavement Fixtures


09/29/201256

What is the purpose of the Triangle/Arrowon the top of ADB fixtures?

• It indicates the location of the pin on the bottom cover– Properly locating the pin insures the top and

bottom cover is positioned correctly

• Exception: For the runway edge fixture, it also must point toward the runway centerline


09/29/201257

Runway Touchdown Zone (TDZ) Light

• Must be toed into the runway centerline

• Base can may be toed- fixture is ordered as “Straight”

• Fixture can be optically toed- fixture is ordered either “Toe-in Right” or “Toe-in Left”• Label shows Toe-in Arrow


Bolted Joint Fundamentals

In-pavement Lights


09/29/201259

• Torque limit is often exceeded, typically due to the use of impact wrenches

• Bolt is overstressed and is on its way to failure

• After corrosion occurs, removal causes head to snap off

• Head can then become FOD

The Problem

See Transport Canada CASA


09/29/201260

• Split Lockwashers– Have historically been used on the airfield– Not recommended

• Anti-vibration locking washers are recommended

Bolt Securing Methods-Washers

Split

Anti- Vibration


09/29/2012 61

Bolt Securing Methods-Anti-Vibration Washers

• NORD-LOCK®– Pair of unique washers

with radial teeth that grip and seat the mating surfaces

– Rise of the cams between the face of washers > pitch of the bolt

– Creates tension that positively locks the bolt

NORDLOCK Part Numbers

NL 3/8 (Carbon Steel: Good Choice)

NL 3/8 SS (Stainless Steel: Highly Recommended)


09/29/201262

Torque Tools

• Torque Tool Types– Manual– Automatic (Impact)


09/29/201263

In-pavement Fixture Torquing

• Torque the bolts across corners in the following sequence: #1 and #4, then #2 and #5, then #3 and #6

• Torque the bolts on ADB fixtures to 185 5 inch-pounds (20.902 0.565 Nt-m)

Bolt #1

Bolt #6

Bolt #5

Bolt #4

Bolt #3

Bolt #2


09/29/201264

• Use Automatic Wrench set at a low torque value (Ex: 25 in-lbs.)– Use calibrated manual torque wrench to finalize

torque

• It is recommended that torque is checked every 60 days

Recommended Torque Methods


09/29/201265

The Importance of Correct Torqueon the Airfield Cannot Be

Overemphasized


09/29/201266

• Use of Ceramic Coated bolts recommended in FAA Engineering Brief 83

• No lubricant needed for ceramic bolts• Lower torque needed: 140 in-lbs.

Consider Use of Ceramic Bolts


09/29/201267

Proper Torque


09/29/201268

• New FAA Cert Alert and Transport Canada CASA due to several incidents in which in-pavement fixtures came out of the ground

Transport Canada CASA


09/29/201269

1. Torque the bolts used with inpavement lights to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Always use a calibrated torque wrench. Never use an impact driver because this could cause over-torque of the bolts. Installed bolts require periodic checks to ensure they remain at the required torque.

2. Always use a two-part locking washer assembly with in-pavement light fixtures.

3. Always use new bolts and washer assemblies. Never reuse bolts.



09/29/201270

4. Never leave a fixture with a bolt missing. Missing bolts place additional stress on the fixture as well as the remaining bolts.

5. When maintenance other than simple cleaning is required, removal of the light fixture and replacement with a refurbished unit is necessary. Although AC 302-008 offers a recommended schedule for periodic checks, they should be tailored to the facility based on local conditions such as environmental issues and runway traffic load.



09/29/201271

6. In addition to conducting the required maintenance, airport operators must also ensure these maintenance activities are properly documented. If you are responsible for a Part 3 certificated airport and have any questions about documentation requirements, contact your assigned Airport Certification Safety Inspector.


airfield. our field. runway edge and approach lighting installation and aiming october 1, 2014 john...

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