aircraft engines before wwi - kipaero · 2017. 5. 16. · before wwi kip lankenau & kim...
TRANSCRIPT
Aircraft Engines Before WWI
Kip Lankenau & Kim McCutcheon
Aircraft Engine Historical Society
Dayton, OH 2016
Agenda • A view of the industrialized world at the dawn of the
twentieth century.
• What was happening in aviation and how was it
perceived.
• The requirements for early aero engines.
• The engines and who made them.
• Summary
The Industrialized World at the Dawn of the Twentieth
Century • Steam is everywhere
• Work and society is mechanized
• Transportation systems are highly organized
• Electrification was growing
Steam Is King
Mechanized Industry
Heavy Industry
Railroads Crisscrossed America
Steel Had Come of Age
The Bicycle Craze 1890’s
From Village Blacksmith…
To City Machine Shop
Local Machine Shop
Local Engineer
“Engineer”
Engineering - Military
Naval Steam Reciprocating Engine
Engineering - Military
AEG Steam Turbine 1904
Civil Engineering 1900
What Was Happening in Aviation?
• Europe was very aviation minded with high public
awareness and recognized legitimacy.
Otto Lilienthal
Ballooning at 1900 Olympics - Paris
Alberto Santos-Dumont
14bis 1906
Alberto Santos-Dumont
Demoiselle 1907
North America was the Reverse of European Conditions
Balloon ascents loosing popularity
– Public demanded more.
Kitty Hawk 1903
Thomas Baldwin – Army Airtrials 1908
Requirements for Early Aero Engines
• Light weight
• Adequate power
Existing Internal Combustion Engines
First internal combustion Daimler engine 1886
Primitive Carburetion & Ignition
Bosch Spark Plug Patented 1902
Domestic Evolution of Aero Engines
1903 Wright Flyer – 12 hp, 152 lbs, 0.08 hp/lb
Wright B - 1908
39 hp, 180 lbs, 0.22 hp/lb
Curtiss C-4 (D-4) - 1913
25 hp, 110 lb, 0.23 hp/lb Photo by Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum
Curtis Model H - 1914
40 hp, 175 lb, 0.23 hp/lb Photo courtesy aerofiles.com
Curtiss OX - 1914
90 hp, 390 lb, 0.23 hp/lb
Kemp (Grey Eagle) H-6 - 1911
50 hp, 260 lb, 0.19 hp/lb Photo courtesy of aerofiles.com
Herreshoff - 1910
40 hp, V-8 Photo courtesy of Old Rhinebeck
Sturtevant D-4 1911
55 hp, 220 lb, 0.25 hp/lb
Sturtevant D-6 1911
86 hp, 320 lb, 0.27 hp/lb
Hall-Scott A-1 1911
40 hp, 165 lb, 0.24 hp/lb Photo by Sturmvogel 66
Hall-Scott A-2
60 hp, 260 lb, 0.23 hp/lb
Detroit Aero - 1910
30 hp, 126 lb, 0.24 hp/lb Photo Old Reinbeck.org
Foreign Engines Antoinette V8 - 1907
67 hp, 209 lb, 0.32 hp/lb
Anzani 3 Cylinder Fan
25-30 hp Photo Shuttleworth Museum
Gnome Omega - 1909
50 hp, 172 lb 0.29 hp/lb
Green C.4 Engine - 1909
32 hp, 160 lb, 0.20 hp/lb
Summary
• At the beginning of the twentieth century, steam
was highly developed and represented the state of
the art of engineering.
• Europe was much more receptive to aviation than
the US and garnered more significant engineering
resources.
• Early aero engines were primitive and relied on
advances in automobile and industrial technology
to achieve adequate and dependable units.
• Public awareness and marketing were essential
elements for the early aero engine manufacturer.
Suggested Readings New Catechism of the Steam Engine, with
Chapters on Gas, Oil and Hot Air Engines
Nathaniel Hawkins, Theo. Audel & Co,
1901
How to Build the Famous “Demoiselle”,
Santos-Dumont’s Monoplane
Arthur E. Joerin and A. Cross, Popular
Mechanics magazine, June & July 1910
Aero Engines: with a General Introductory
Account of the Theory of the Internal-
Combustion Engine
G.A. Burls, J.B. Lippincott & Co, 1915
Airplane Engine Encyclopedia: An
Alphabetically Arranged Compilation of
All Available Data on the World’s Airplane
Engines
Glenn D. Angle, 1921
U.S. Army Aircraft 1908-1946
(Heavier-than-Air) James C. Fahey, Ships and Aircraft, 1946
Shorts Aircraft since 1900
C.H.Barnes, Naval Institute Press, 1967
French Aeroplanes Before the Great War
Leonard E. Opdycke, Schiffer Publishing,
1999
Hall-Scott: The Untold Story of a Great
American Engine Maker
Francis H. Bradford and Ric A. Dias, SAE
International, 2007
Hero of the Air, Glenn Curtiss and the Birth
of Naval Aviation
William F. Trimble, Naval Institute Press,
2010
About the Speakers Kip Lankenau President, KipAero
A Division of Kip Motor Company
2127 Crown Rd
Dallas, TX 75229
972-243-0440
Kim McCutcheon President, AEHS
4608 Charles DR NW
Huntsville, AL 35816