16

AL14

EMERGENCY ‘MAYDAY’ or ‘PAN-PAN’ x 3, G-XXXX, PA28 Nature of Emergency Intentions Position Pilot Quals if relevant (e.g Student) POB xx

VFR Radio failure: Join through dead-side to 500ft, waggling wings or flash-ing landing light to get attention. Join circuit and wait for flare or light signal on finals – Green flare = cleared to land Red flare = do not land, give way and

continue circling

REQUESTING A SERVICE YYY Radar, this is G-XXXX G-XXXX, YYY Radar, pass your message G-XXXX, request BASIC /TRAFFIC PA28 Departure point + destination Present Position Altitude with pressure setting Additional information / request: e.g. Routing relevant to ATC unit Service Issued (to be read back!)

JOINING AT AN AFIS AIRFIELD YYY Information, G-XXXX, PA28, X POB, presently X miles to the N/E/S/W, XXXXft on XXXX Hp, request airfield information. G-XX, YYY Information, Runway XX, QFE XXX, Reported traffic info. Runway XX, QFE XXX, Joining overhead/downwind/base leg, G-XX. G-XX, Roger, Report downwind/overhead/base leg. Wilco, G-XX.

ZONE CROSSING / MATZ Penetration YYY Radar this is G-XXXX G-XXXX, YYY Radar, pass your message YYY Approach, G-XXXX, request Zone crossing / MATZ penetration PA28 Departure point + destination Present Position & Level on xxxx Hp Routing …. Request Zone Crossing e.g. Routing relevant to ATC unit G-XX Squawk ZZZZ G-XX (Readback and set Squawk) Once Radar identified - Clearance Issued (to be read back!)

DEPARTURE from KEMBLE Kemble Information, G-XXXX, Radio Check G-XXXX, Strength x Pass your message G-XXXX, Strength… PA28 on HOTEL apron, POB ...., Request START for :- “Local Flight” if landing back at Kemble + Departure dirn (e.g. South) + Flight Duration or Flight to <Destination>) and whether re-turning today and ETA Kemble G-XX, Start ..Kemble using runway ...QNH G-XX (Read back info). G-XX, Request TAXI (Read back info). Once run-up and pre take-off checks com-plete, G-XX, ready for Departure G-XXXX, Kemble Information Hold / cleared line-up / backtrack/Take off at your discretion

G-XX (When about to roll) Taking off

DEPARTURE – ONCE CLEAR OF THE ATZ G-XX, Departing the Zone. G-XX, Cotswold G-XX, Cotswold …., remaining with you for Basic Service / changing to ….

RECOVERY to KEMBLE (local flight) Kemble Information, G-XXXX, recovering from the N/E/S/W, request airfield information RECOVERY to KEMBLE (different Dep a/f) Standard Initial call G-XXXX, Kemble Information Using Runway XX, QFE XXX, Traffic ….. G-XX (READ BACK Rwy, QFE) G-XX, <Intention; For Overhead Join / Down-wind / L/R Base etc) G-XX, Downwind / Base, Touch & Go / Full Stop. G-XX, Surface Wind, xxx/xx knots. G-XX. Roger G-XX, Final. G-XX, Continue / cleared touch & Go/ Land at your discretion / Go-Around. Wind xxx G-XX Continue or Roger.

JOINING a CLOSED AIRFIELD WITH NO RADIO SERVICE Use callsign “YYY Traffic”, G-XXXX, intentions (Type, join, runway)

EMERGENCY SQUAWKS Distress 7700

Radio Failure 7600

AL14 PIPER WARRIOR II PA 28–161 FLIGHT CHECK LIST

Changes from AL13 Page 1: Frequencies Page 2 & 7: Tyre checks Page 6: FREDA Cx change to FREDAC Page 7: Completion of Journey Log

This checklist must not be taken as authoritative and must be used in conjunction with the Pilots Operating Handbook, issued as part of the Aircraft C of A as amended. The requirements of current CAA/EASA, AIP, ANO, AICs, EASA Syllabii, LFC Flying Order Book and ATC instructions must be adhered to.

Checks in DARK RED with ▐ sidebar should committed to memory.

CONTACT DETAILS LFC Ops 03301 137716 CFI: Roger Milburn 07733 225062 DCFI: John Griffin 07890 189552 Kemble Air Services: 01285 771177 Distress & Diversion Cell, London: 01895 426 150 (121.5 mhz) Temp Restrictions/Upgrades: 01489 887515 or 0500 354 802

If landing away: Flight Plan submitted and acknowledged? GAR Customs forms submitted. PPR—Book in with destination. Refuel Booked & aircraft docs carried. GPS programmed? Flying over water: Life Jackets, Liferaft, PLB Weight & Balance sheet completed. AFTER Arrival at Destination: Call LFC Duty Member. UK destination: and Departure airfield if no flight plan filed. Overseas destination: Cancel the flight plan with destination airfield or last ATC unit.

RADIO FREQUENCIES

BOSCOMBE APPR ............... 126.7 BRISTOL RADAR ................. 125.650 Listening Squawk 5077 On 125.650 BRIZE NORTON ATIS ......... 126.5 LARS ........ 124.275 ZONE ........ 119.0

Listening Squawk 3727 On 119.0 COLERNE TWR .................... 120.075

ENSTONE RADIO ................. 129.880

FARNBOROUGH West.......... 125.250 East ......... 123.225 North ....... 132.8 GLOUCESTER ATIS ........ 127.480 APPR ....... 128.555 TWR ......... 122.905 RADAR ..... 120.980 KEMBLE INFORMATION ...... 118.430 LONDON FLIGHT INFO ....... 124.750

OAKSEY RADIO .................. 132.230

Jan 19

AIRCRAFT COPY—LEAVE IN COCKPIT

2

AL14 COCKPIT PREPARATION Control locks .............................................. Removed Parking Brake ............................................ Set OFF unless on a slope Fire extinguisher ........................................ Check + in date First Aid Kit ................................................ Check + in date Magneto/starter switch ............................... OFF Keys out Pitot Static source (left wall below seat) .... Press both buttons Vent Fan, Heat and Demist controls ...........OFF (central) and fully LEFT Battery Master switch .................................ON Starter Light ................................................OUT VAC, ALT, OIL lights ...................................ON Fuel Tank gauges .......................................Quantity shown Fuel Selector ...............................................ON (lowest tank)

FIRST FLIGHT OF THE DAY ‘A’ CHECK Fuel Pump ............................................. ON, check ½ - 5 psi—OFF Nav Lights/panel lights ............................ ON (left Rotating Switch click) Landing Light .......................................... ON Anti Collision (Fin) Light + Strobe Lights . ON Pitot Heater ............................................. ON NOTE: Take as short a time as possible to avoid flattening the battery. Outside: Check strobes, all lights, pitot heater, stall warning buzzer Return to cockpit .................................. ALL the above OFF Fuel tester tool ........................................ Remove from stowage

Battery Master switch ............................. OFF Flaps ............................................. Check operation, set full down

RIGHT WING Flap .......................................... Security, attachment bolts, no side play Aileron ...................................... Full movement, attachment bolts secure Wing Tip, Nav light, strobe ....... Security, condition Wing surface (upper+ lower) Surface condition top, bottom & leading edge clean, no dents or ripples Wing restraint Picket ................ Removed from lower surface Fuel tank .................................. Water/sediment check—’A’ Check only Visually check contents, filler cap secure Landing gear ............................ 4½ inches oleo extension, tyre inflated, check tyre Inflation valve perpendicular to rim & tread not worn to cords or bald patch Mainwheel Chock .................... Remove front chock & leave rear chock Cabin Door……………………... Condition of hinges & surface, Screen clean

NOSE AREA

Right windscreen, side screen .. Both are clear and clean

Right engine cowling .............. Lift & restrain while checking inside Oil contents .................. Check, if below 5, fill to 6 (use whole 1 ltr bottle) Oil Cap ........................ Cap finger tight

Fuel at Takeoff (weighs 6 lbs per US gal)

G-BPAF 1517 lb 86.09 130 592 G-EDGI 1522 lb 85.91 130 755

Method: Enter weights Multiply by Arm aft of Datum to obtain Moments Add up Weights Add up Moments To obtain final C of G position, divide total Moment by Total Weight—plot on graph below

AL14

FUEL CAPACITIES FULL 50 USG = 189 Ltr

UNUSABLE 2 USG = 8 Ltr

USABLE 48 USG = 181 Ltr

‘TABS’ 34 USG = 129 Ltr

Start/Run-up Allowance Cold 3 USG = 12 Ltr Hot 2 USG = 8 Ltr

15

14

AL14 AL14 14 3

AL14 Plug leads ................................. All secure, no chafing Check engine compartment for leaks, signs of chafing, loose pipes etc Right engine cowling clips ........ Secured, (latches UNDER the holder) Propeller & spinner ................... Prop leading edge condition, Spinner ..................................... Secure, bolts not loose Front engine air intakes ............ Unblocked, Alternator belt tension tight Cowling intake screws (10) present Landing lamp ............................ Secure, glass unbroken Exhaust pipe ............................. Secure Nosewheel .............................. Min 3” oleo extension, correct inflation Nosewheel Chocks ................. Removed

Left engine cowling ................ Lift & restrain while checking inside Hydraulic reservoir .................... Check contents, cap secure Plug leads ................................. All secure, no chafing Check engine compartment for leaks, signs of chafing, loose pipes etc Fuel Drain tap ........................... Water/sediment check completed 1st Flt Left engine cowling ................... Secured, (latches UNDER the holder) Left windscreen, side screen .... Both are clear and clean

LEFT WING Wing surface (upper+ lower) Surface condition top, bottom & leading edge clean, no dents or ripples Fuel tank .................................... Water/sediment check -’A’ Check only visually check contents, filler cap secure Landing gear .............................. 4½ inches oleo extension, tyre inflated, tyre Inflation valve perpendicular to rim &

tread not worn to cords or bald patch Mainwheel Chock....................... Remove front chock & leave rear chock Wing restraint Picket .................. Removed from lower surface

Pitot head ................................... Front, bottom & rear holes unblocked Wing Tip, Nav light, strobe ......... Security, condition Aileron ........................................ Full movement, attachment bolts secure Flap ............................................ Security, attachment bolts, no side play

REAR FUSELAGE Rear windows ............................ Left and right Clean Fuselage skin ............................ Condition Aerials ....................................... Secure Tail surfaces .............................. Top and bottom surfaces - condition Rudder ....................................... No movement or end play Bump stop ................................. No crumpling adjacent to bump stop Stabilator ........................... No endplay, raise fully, check attachment bolt Fin ............................................. Condition, Anti Coll light condition Fuselage skin ............................ Condition, top and bottom surfaces Baggage compartment ............. Contents secure, Door secured Fuel tester ................................. Re-stowed Pull aircraft onto flat surface off metal matting Check behind aircraft and propeller area both free of obstructions

4

AL14 BEFORE STARTING External check ................................... Complete Chocks, wing restraints, towbar ........ Removed—Positive confirmation Flaps .................................................. UP Fuel Cock .......................................... ON— select lowest tank TACHO .............................................. Note reading Parking brake .................................... OFF then ON Seats and Seat Belts ......................... Adjusted and fitted Passenger brief ................................. Complete Ailerons, Stabilator ............................ Full & Free, correct sense Trimmers (Elevator and rudder) ........ check operation - Set Neutral Electric Trim (if fitted) ........................ OFF Autopilot (if fitted) .............................. OFF Battery/alternator split switches ........ Both ON Intercomm ......................................... ON, Checked all occupants Nav Lights ........................................ Night Ops only (Left rotary switch click UP) Flight Instruments .............................. Condition, VSI, T&S, RPM all Zero, Altimeter(s) compared, set a/f elev or zero Heating & Demist .............................. All OFF (fully LEFT), Vent fan OFF (centre) Circuit breakers ................................. All made (IN) Carb Heat .......................................... Check full movement then OFF Throttle Friction ................................. OFF Cabin Door ........................................ Closed, 2 latches away from each-other Start Clearance ................................. Radio ON, Obtained

STARTING ENGINE Radios .......................................... All OFF

Anti Collision light ............................. ON Mixture ............................................... Check operation - Set RICH Engine Primer .................................... Cold: 6-8 primes, Warm:2-4 primes, Locked Throttle .............................................. Check operation - set 1/2 cm open Start Key ............................................ Inserted (check correct key) Propeller Area ................................... Check prop area and Clear behind Call through open DV window ........... “PROP CLEAR” Start Key ............................................ BOTH/START Max 30 sec cranking Failure to Start ............................. See page 10 AFTER START

▐ R RPM ..................................... Set 1200 RPM ▐ O Oil Pressure ........................ Rising (within 30 sec ) ▐ S Starter warning light .......... OUT ▐ A Alternator .............................. Charging ▐ M Magnetos ............................... DROP not STOP

Fuel pressure .................................. ½ - 8 psi Vacuum ........................................... 3 – 5 inches Low Volt and Warning lights .......... OUT Radios ............................................. ON - frequencies pre-selected GPS ................................................. ON, Set Up Nav Aids .......................................... ON, Tuned, Identified (if in range) Transponder .................................... SBY Flight Instruments .......................... DI sync with Compass, Horizon erecting, Altimeter(s) QFE/QNH Time off Chocks .............................. NOTED Taxy Clearance .............................. Obtained

13

AL14

AL14 12 5

AL14 TAXYING CHECK Brakes ........ Check immediately after moving off When in a clear area: Instruments .... DI + E2B turning correctly, AH erect

Turn coordinator banking, Ball opposite way Rudder ........... Full left / Full right movement

ENGINE RUN-UP Stop a/c within 30° of a 10kt+ wind — propwash away from runway/other a/c Parking Brake .......................... ON RPM ......................................... 1200 Fuel selector ............................ Change to other tank Temperatures & Pressures ...... All in YELLOW or GREEN sectors Brakes ...................................... Park Brake ON, footbrakes covered with feet Check clear behind .................. Restrain control yoke Throttle ..................................... Set 2000 RPM - check brakes holding Carb Heat ................................ ON for 10sec - rpm drop 50rpm+stabilise - OFF Magnetos ................................. Check: Max 175 rpm drop , 50rpm between Ts & Ps .................................... In GREEN sectors Alternator ................................. Charging. Max 48 amps Suction ..................................... 4.5 – 5.5 inches Throttle ..................................... Closed—check rpm stable then set 1200 rpm PRE TAKE-OFF CHECK *ATC Departure Clearance (if reqd) .... Obtained, acknowledged Trimmers .............................................. NEUTRAL Flaps .................................................... UP or 25° for short strip operation Flying controls ...................................... FULL & FREE Seats & Harnesses .............................. SECURE Cabin Door ........................................... LOCKED (2 Latches away from eachother) Door top does not move outwards DV window ........................................... CLOSED Autopilot & Electric Trim ..................... OFF Fuel contents ....................................... CHECKED Ts & Ps, Charging, Vacuum ................ CHECKED in limits Flight Instruments ................................ Checked, DI Sync, AH dot on horizon Warning Lights ..................................... TESTED & OUT Fuel primer ........................................... LOCKED Carb Heat ............................................ OFF Throttle Friction .................................... FIRM Mixture ................................................. FULL RICH Fuel Pump ........................................... ON Rotate IAS & Take Off Emergencies .. Briefed ATC Take Off Clearance ..................... Obtained, acknowledged When Cleared onto the Runway: A pproach ............................................ Clear T ransponder ...................................... Code set, ALT selected P itot Heater (if required) ................... ON L ights (Landing, Strobe) ................... ON

DURING TAKE-OFF RUN ▐ RPM ........................... 2300-2450 ▐ Ts & Ps ...................... in GREEN ▐ ASI ............................. Reading

6

AL14

TOP OF CLIMB, IN-FLIGHT & RECOVERY FREDA ▐ F FUEL ............... Sufficient - balance ▐ If changing tanks, fuel pump ON for 30 sec ▐ Fuel Pump OFF above 1000ft agl ▐ R RADIO ............. Frequency in use ▐ E ENGINE ........... Ts & Ps GREEN, Charging, Suction ▐ Mixture—lean off as required ▐ D DI ..................... Sync with E2B compass ▐ A ALTIMETER .... Set to correct pressure setting ▐ C Carb Heat ON - Stable rpm after 10 sec - OFF

In- FLIGHT NAVIGATION CHECK HAAT, TTTT ▐ Heading, Airspeed, Altitude, Timing and/or Turn, Time, Talk, Task

PRE- STALL CHECKS HASELL ▐ H HEIGHT ................ Sufficient for recovery by 2500ft agl ▐ (2000 with instructor) ▐ A AIRFRAME ........... Flaps Retracted ▐ S SECURITY ............ Coaming clear, door 2 latches ▐ Footwells clear, Harnesses secure ▐ no loose articles front or rear ▐ E ENGINE ................ Ts & Ps GREEN, Charging, Suction ▐ Mixture RICH ▐ L LOCATION ........... Clear of: A - Aerodromes ▐ B - Built-up Areas ▐ C - Controlled Airspace ▐ C - Cloud ▐ D - Danger/Restricted Areas ▐ L LOOKOUT ............ 2 x 90° or a 180° turn to clear area

PRE LANDING CHECKS ▐ B Brakes ............................. OFF ▐ M Mixture ............................ RICH ▐ C Carb Heat ........................ ON - check RPM stable (min 10sec) - OFF ▐ F Fuel ................................. Pump ON, Contents Sufficient ▐ L Landing Light ................. ON ▐ I Instruments .................... DI Sync ▐ C Cabin Door...................... Locked ▐ H Harnesses ....................... Secure

At 300ft on APPROACH ▐ T Toes ................................. Clear of brakes (and rudders for pax) ▐ C Carb Heat ........................ OFF ▐ P Permission...................... to Touch & Go, Full Stop or Go Around

AFTER TAKE-OFF CHECK (min 200ft AAL) ▐ Flaps .................... UP (above 200FT) ▐ Carb Heat ............ OFF ▐ Engine ................. RPM 2300+, T&Ps in GREEN

ENGINE FIRE in the AIR ▐ Glide @ 75kt and TRIM ▐ Choose a landing area ▐ Throttle CLOSED ▐ Fuel Selector OFF ▐ Fuel Pump OFF ▐ Once engine cuts: Mixture CUTOFF

Magneto/starter switch ..... OFF Heater / Demist ................ Both OFF MAYDAY Call / 7700 ........ Nature, Intention, Position Carry out CRASH / EFATO Checks LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE ENGINE FAILURE in the AIR Actions marked with * carry out only if time available

▐ Glide @ 75kt and TRIM ▐ Choose a landing area

*Carb Heat ...................... ON * Fuel Pump ..................... ON * Fuel Selector ................. Change Tanks * Primer ............................ LOCKED * Mixture ........................... RICH * Magneto/starter switch ... Check on BOTH If engine does not re-start Magnetos OFF MAYDAY Call / 7700 ........ “Nature, Intention, Position” Carry out Crash/EFATO checks Complete forced landing procedure CRASH / EFATO CHECKS

▐ MAYDAY Call ....................... Completed ▐ Throttle ................................. CLOSED ▐ Mixture ................................. CUT OFF ▐ Fuel Pump ............................ OFF ▐ Magneto/starter switch ....... OFF ▐ Fuel Selector ........................ OFF ▐ Harnesses ............................ Secure ▐ Door ...................................... Unlatch ▐ Batt/Alternator Switches..... OFF

AL14 11

ENGINE FAILS TO START on the GROUND If over priming is suspected: Mixture CUT-OFF Throttle FULLY OPEN Crank engine, max 10 sec—as soon as engine fires CLOSE THROTTLE If engine runs, increase throttle to 1200rpm.—if no start, wait 5 mins to cool starter then Re-try a normal start with max 2 primes. ENGINE FIRE on the GROUND

▐ Mixture ................................... CUT-OFF ▐ Throttle ................................... INCREASE, ▐ then SHUT when engine stopped ▐ Fuel Pump ............................. OFF ▐ Magneto/starter switch ......... OFF ▐ Fuel Selector.......................... OFF ▐ Brakes .................................... OFF ▐ Batt/Alt Master Sw ................ OFF ▐ EVACUATE AIRCRAFT

CABIN FIRE DRILL (AIR or GROUND) ▐ Electrics ............................. OFF ▐ Heater / Demister .............. Both OFF ▐ Air Vents ............................ Both OPEN ▐ Fire Extinguisher .............. OPERATE ▐ Ventilate cabin after using fire extinguisher

DOOR OPENS in the AIR It is unlikely that the door can be successfully closed in flight. Door will remain in the slightly open position until landing. Ensure loose articles moved away from open door RHS pilot—Strap in fully Land as soon as practicable

LOW VOLT LIGHT ON Ammeter ................................ Check reading If Ammeter showing charge .......................... Note & Continue sortie If Ammeter ZERO: Alternator Switch ........... OFF Electrical loads ....................... REDUCE to minimum Alternator Circuit Breaker ....... Trip & RESET once Alternator Switch .................... ON If power is NOT restored, Alternator Sw ...OFF Land as SOON as PRACTICABLE as battery is the only source of electrical power—max 50 mins

AMMETER OVERLOAD (+20 amps more than expected) Electrical load .................................. REDUCE If ammeter load does NOT reduce, Alternator Switch.. ........ OFF Land as SOON as PRACTICABLE as battery is the only source of electrical power—max 50 mins

AL14 10 7

AL14 AFTER LANDING CHECK R/T ..................................................... Call “Runway Vacated” Flaps ................................................... UP Fuel Pump .......................................... OFF Landing Light ...................................... OFF Strobe Light (if fitted) .......................... OFF Pitot Heater ......................................... OFF Transponder ....................................... OFF Carb Heat ........................................... OFF Throttle Friction ................................... OFF Stop prior to entering parking area, ensure propwash clear of a/c etc. Parking Brake ON Throttle ............................................... Set 1500 rpm for 10-15 sec Magnetos ............................................ Check each for rough running If rough running noticed, increase to 2000 rpm, lean mixture and run for 20 sec then reduce power, richen and complete further Mag check, if rough running not improved, note as a defect. Reduce power and enter the parking area

SHUT DOWN CHECK Parking Brake ................................ ON R/T ................................................. Call CLOSING DOWN Throttle .......................................... 1200 rpm Mixture ........................................... Cutoff Prop stopped, Magneto switch ...... OFF, Keys OUT Throttle .......................................... Closed Anti Collision Light ......................... OFF Radios ........................................... Both OFF Nav Aids ........................................ VORs, DME, ADF all OFF GPS ............................................... OFF Nav/Cockpit Lamps....................... OFF(rotary switches both DOWN) Vent Fan ........................................ OFF (Centre position) Heating / Demist controls............... OFF (fully left) TACHO .......................................... Note reading Trimmers ....................................... NEUTRAL Time on Chocks ............................ Noted Battery/Alternator split Switches .... Both OFF Journey Log ................................... Complete entry—leave in aircraft Check mainwheel tyres for bald patch and excessive wear LEAVING the AIRCRAFT Battery/Alt split Switches ............... OFF Fuel ................................................ Filled to Tabs or as required Control Yoke .................................. Locked with seat strap Chocks & Wing pickets .................. In place Canopy cover ................................ Fitted if no further flying planned Stall warner .................................... Checked—no sound

8

AL14 NAVIGATION PLANNING Before departing, Check and complete the following: Met— TAFs and METARS for Departure, Destination, Diversion Relevant winds (1000, 2000 or 5000 ft) + Freezing Level Crosswinds within limits at Departure, Destination and Diversion a/fs. NOTAMS— Relevant NOTAMS and any temporary restricted areas (including Red Arrows flights) to affect sortie (0500 354 802) Permission— Destination informed of ETA, fuel, parking requirements, Weather and any special requirements (check VFR Guide and confirm by telephone). Pilot Log— Completed with: Route, Altitudes to fly, Safety Alts, Fuel, Radio freqs Weight & Balance—For Departures/landings at all airfields to be visited Performance— Take Off and Landing distances checked. Route Study— Last thing before you depart, “fly” the route using the map, noting significant points, restricted and danger areas close by, major features etc.

9

AL14 LFC RECOMMENDED SPEEDS, POWER SETTINGS

EVENT I.A.S. POWER CONFIG TAKE-OFF Normal VR 65kt/70kt Xwind Full Flap UP Short Field VR ········· As TODA sheet Full Flap 25°

CLIMB Normal VY 78kt Full Flap UP Best angle of climb VX 65kt Full Flap 25°

CRUISE Max & Max continuous RPM 2700 rpm Normal 90kt 22-2300 rpm 10 USgal/ 40 ltr/hr Circuit ............. 90kt 21-2200 rpm Clean Endurance . 65-70kt minimum rpm Flap 25°/8USgal /31ltr/hr Poor Visibility .. 75kt 1800-1900 Flap 25°

DESCENT Cruise ........... 100kt Less than1800 Carb Heat ON Best Glide .. Clean 75kt Full Flap 70kt Carb Heat ON Gliding range 0 wind, prop windmilling, clean, 75kt is 1.5nm / 1000ft

APPROACH Flapless ..... 75kt (70kt short final) Clean, carb Ht ON Normal ............. 75kt 1500 rpm Flap 25°Carb Ht ON then 70-60kt as reqd Flap 40° Carb Ht OFF

STALLING (Power OFF) 50kt idle Clean / Max AUW 44kt idle Flap 40°

LIMITING SPEEDS Never Exceed VNE ......... 160kt Max normal operating VNO126kt max AUW: 2400lb Max manoeuvre VA ......... 111kt Max Flap extend VFE 103kt for all flap configs Max demonstrated Crosswind..17kt

‘G’ LIMITS (no negative ‘G’ or inverted manoeuvres permitted) 3.8g 2021 - 2325lb - Normal category 4.4g up to 2020lb - Utility category