Xiaopei Lin and Lixin WuOcean University of China

Ping ChangTexas A&M Univeristy

Air-Sea Interaction in the Kuroshio Extension and its

Climate Impact(AIKEC)

IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC)

Air-sea Heat Flux

CO2 Sink

Mass and Heat transport

Key Region for the ocean and climate

Hot Spot under Global Warming

HOTSPOT (JPN)2010-2015

Previous Projects

KESS (US)2003-2009

We still do not fully understand the multi-scale oceanic process and air-sea interaction in the KE region, nor

their climate impact.

But there will be only KEO buoy after 2014!

KEO

JKEO

1 Project Objectives Develop sustainable observation networks in the Kuroshio extension

region. Establish the theoretical framework of the multiscale ocean-atmosphere

interaction in the midlatitudes, especially in the Kuroshio extension region, to provide a theoretical basis for understanding and predicting the global climate change.

Reveal the key physical processes in determining climate change and improve the understanding of ocean and climate predictability in the Western Pacific.

2 Activities in the past 3 year

Second ‘International Symposium on Boundary Current dynamics’ at 2013Co supported by the WESTPAC, CLIVAR, NSFC and OUC

1 A new observation plan in the Kuroshio Extension region lead by AIKEC.2 The data from AIKEC should be shared to public like KESS project was accepted

by all the participants.3 The scientific goal is to combine observation and dynamics to predict the

Northwest Pacific Ocean Climate.

Steering Group Meeting, Texas A&M:Lixin Wu, Ocean University of China, ChinaXiaopei Lin, Ocean University of China, ChinaPing Chang, Texas A&M University, USAShang-Ping Xie, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USABo Qiu, University of Hawaii, USA Meghan F Cronin, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, USAHisashi Nakamura, University of Tokyo, Japan Yoshimi Kawai, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, JapanPeter Brandt, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany

Black Cross: The Key Region

Focus Meso to Sub-meso Scale

Possible Joint Cruise

2014 CruiseResearching cruise in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean was accomplished from 18 March to 28 April 2014, carried out by the research vessel “Dong Fang Hong 2”. In the 40-day voyage, researchers placed 25 sets of Argo floats and, for the first time in China, a deep-sea (6000m) mooring buoy system in the Kuroshio extension region.

Researching cruise in 2015. Enhance the international cooperation in observation in the Kuroshio extension region (with US, Japan and Korea).

2015: 2 moorings, 2 Gliders, 40 stationsNext 3 Years: 5-10 moorings, 4 Gliders, 20-40 CPIES

KEOM1

CKEO

2015 Cruise

Developing Global-Regional Model System

An International Work Shop on June 13,2015

Ocean Only Air-Sea Coupling

An New Session On Next Year Ocean Science Meeting

3 Results Generated

National research project “Response to global warming and regulation of climate change by the Pacific and Indian Oceans” by the Ministry of Science and Technology 30 million RMB ($4.9 million). 2012, Shang-Ping Xie, Scripps.

National research project “Multiscale variations, mechanisms and predictability of the Northwest Pacific Ocean” by the Ministry of Science and Technology 30 million RMB ($4.9 million). 2013, Lixin Wu, OUC.

National research project of the “Mechanisms and climatic impacts of ocean-atmosphere interaction in the Kuroshio and its extension region” was recently granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China 20 million RMB ($3.2 million). 2014, Lixin Wu, OUC.

Zhang, Wang and Qiu., 2014, Science

Meso Scale-Enhanced eddy transport and energy towards the KE region

Lin et al., 2014, JGR

Wave/Eddy Energy Ratio

Eddy Transport Equal to Wind Driven Circulation

Xu, Xie et al., 2014, JGR

Meso Scale-Eddy affect mode water and circulation

Liu and Hu 2007, GRL

Mode Water Path Way Subduction Rate

With Eddy No Eddy

Observation

Eddy Forcing Qiu et al., 2014, JC Wind Forcing

Meso Scale-Eddy affect regional sea level

Meso Scale-Eddy is key for air-sea interactionLead by Ping and Xiaohui at TAMU

Mean dissipation rate in Winter (red) and Summer (blue)

Correlation of near-inertial shear variance to dissipation rate at Mooring 7

Jing and Wu 2015 Sci. Rep.

Small Scale-Ehanced mixing in south of KE due to near-inertial variance

Mooring 1 Mooring 2

Mooring 3 Mooring7

Jing and Wu 2010 GRL

4 workplan for the next intersessional period

Project/Programme

Funding Required

Activities Objectives Date and place IOC

Other sources (i.e. from national or

international)

The third ‘International Symposium on Boundary Current dynamics’

Ocean Science Meeting Session

Cruise in 2016

Cruise in 2017

Cruise in 2018

Discuss the studies in the Western Boundary Regions

Improve understanding of the boundary current dynamics and raise level of climate prediction

July 2016, Qingdao, China

10,000 USD

50,000 USD

Summarize Progress and Perspective

Set the new scientific goals for the next 5 year. Involve more international collaborations.

Feb 2016, New Orleans, US

10,000USD

As above As above

April 2016,Kuroshio

extension region

2,000,000USD

As above As above

April 2017,Kuroshio

extension region

2,000,000USD

As above As above

April 2018,Kuroshio

extension region

2,000,000USD

Roughly Budget for Field Work in the Next 5 Years

• Shipping Cost: 5 Cruises with 5M/cruise=25M RMB (10M)• Instrument Cost: 10 Moorings (25M), 4 Gliders (10M), 40 CPIES (20M), 1 Buoy (5M)

=60M RMB (15M)• Other Cost:Data transfer, labor and materials 10M RMB (5M)65M RMB more Funding is needed in the future

• Potential New Funding:Key Research Project of NSFC 500MSmart Float Project of NSFC 100MMOST, MOE, SOA…International Collaboration

Future Ocean Observation Net Work 2020

5 Challenges and Suggestions

1. More international cooperation among

the Pacific Rim countries.

2. Integrate the existing observation

systems to develop a systematic

observation network.

3. Strengthen communication and

education to improve the observation

capability and academic levels of the

member states of WESTPEC.

Atlantic WBC Monitoring System

Thank You!