air quality this morning - university of utah
TRANSCRIPT
Meteorology-Chemistry Coupling in Western
Basins What’s similar, what’s
different, what’s missing? John Horel1, Erik Crosman2, Sebastian Hoch1
1University of Utah2West Texas A&M
with contributions from: Alex Jacques & Brian Blaylock, others in the
Mountain Meteorology Group
Meteorology-Chemistry Coupling in Western
Basins What’s similar, what’s
different, what’s missing? John Horel1, Erik Crosman2, Sebastian Hoch1
1University of Utah2West Texas A&M
with contributions from: Alex Jacques & Brian Blaylock, others in the
Mountain Meteorology Group
700 hPa Wind
Meteorology-Chemistry Coupling in Western
Basins What’s similar, what’s
different, what’s missing?
Blue: Valley & Basin Cold-Air Pools
John Horel1, Erik Crosman2, Sebastian Hoch1
1University of Utah2West Texas A&M
with contributions from: Alex Jacques & Brian Blaylock among others in
the Mountain Meteorology Group
2 m Potential Temperature
Geometry, land-use & populationEmission sources
Surface state: snow-covered or wet/dryExisting resources & flight restrictions
Synoptic/mesoscale controlsFree atmos.-boundary layer exchanges Lateral transport within boundary layer
Terrain-flow interactionsStructure/turbulence in boundary layer
Water/ice clouds & depositionMeteorology
Air Chemistry
Basins & Valleys
V 10mi
Oakland
Temperature (◦C)
Pres
sure
Temperature (◦C)
Vertical StructureJanuary 31,2017 12 UTC
Blue: Valley & Basin Cold-Air Pools
V 10 mi
V 10mi
Oakland
Temperature (◦C)
RenoPr
essu
rePr
essu
re
Temperature (◦C)
Vertical StructureJanuary 31,2017 12 UTC
Blue: Valley & Basin Cold-Air Pools
V 10 mi
V 10miHazeV 5mi
Boise
Pres
sure
Oakland
Temperature (◦C)
Temperature (◦C)
RenoPr
essu
rePr
essu
re
Temperature (◦C)
Vertical StructureJanuary 31,2017 12 UTC
Blue: Valley & Basin Cold-Air Pools
V 10 mi
V 10mi
FogV 3 mi
HazeV 5mi
Boise
Salt Lake City
Pres
sure
Pres
sure
Oakland
Temperature (◦C)
Temperature (◦C)Temperature (◦C)
RenoPr
essu
rePr
essu
re
Temperature (◦C)
Vertical StructureJanuary 31,2017 12 UTC
Blue: Valley & Basin Cold-Air Pools
January 31, 2017San Joaquin Valley
Temperature (oC)
January 31, 2017Salt Lake Valley
Temperature (oC)
PM2.5
Boundary layer & slope flow evolution in the Salt Lake Valley: Jan. 31, 2017Hoch & Crosman
NSF RAPID / METEOROLOGY DURING UWFPS~12 UTC
“FoggyCloudy”
“Clear”“Clear”
Night-time injection of low-PM2.5, high O3 air is reduced
January 31, 2017Cache Valley, UT
Temperature (oC)
• Large-scale flow aloft• Conditions evolving
diurnally & over lifetime of pollution event
Similarities
• Snow cover• Temperature regime• Boundary layer depth• Fog/stratus• Terrain, slope and
intrabasin flows
Differences
• Temperature dependent reactions
• Heterogeneous, aqueous (warm/ice) phase chemistry
• Changes in night-time injection of low-PM2.5 & high O3
Impacts
January 31, 2017
Planning & Situational Awareness Resources: PM2.5
> 700 state/county locations 16 DAQ/UUtah> 90 AirU sites; ~400 Purple Air
> 130 CARB/county> ~1400 Purple Air
Planning & Situational Awareness Resources: Surface Wind Observations
> 7500 locations > 300 locations> 1300 locations
Planning & Situational Awareness• Synoptic/mesoscale conditions
usually simulated adequately by operational models
• But…• Breakup phase harder to forecast
than onset• Transition from clear-air to cloudy
boundary layers (and vice versa) difficult
• Boundary layer processes tend to be overly dispersive/damped
2 m Relative Humidity
Planning & Situational Awareness• Considerable work underway using
research model simulations• Improved treatment of boundary
layer processes needed for:• Convection-Allowing Models (1-3 km) • Large-Eddy Simulations (10’s-100’s m)
Wilson and Fovell 2018, WAF
Summary• Boundary layer meteorology/air chemistry processes are too
intertwined to treat independently• Understanding pollutant events from beginning to end requires close
collaboration to understand how chemical species evolve as the conditions evolve
• Complexity of events in all basins requires:• taking advantage of existing sensor networks• deploying diverse sensor types and using innovative deployment strategies to
fill in the gaps (e.g., plane, in situ and surface-based remote, mobile, drones, IOTs)
• having the science plan factor in the strengths & weaknesses of sensor types to evolving boundary layer conditions
Links to Resources
• Web resources • MesoWest: https://mesowest.utah.edu• Utah air quality: http://utahaq.chpc.utah.edu/• LAIR group: https://air.utah.edu/
• Data Archives • Surface observational data: https://synopticdata.com/• HRRR analyses: http://hrrr.chpc.utah.edu/
Recent Related Publications• Mitchell, L. E., and Coauthors, 2018: Monitoring of Greenhouse Gases and Pollutants across an
Urban Area using a Light-rail Public Transit Platform. Atmos. Env., 187, 9-23, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.05.044
• Lin, J. C., and Coauthors, 2018: CO2 and Carbon Emissions from Cities: Linkages to Air Quality, Socioeconomic Activity and Stakeholders in the Salt Lake City Urban Area. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 99, 2325-2339, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0037.1
• Franchin, A., and Coauthors, 2018: Airborne and ground based observations of aerosol chemical and physical properties during intense winter pollution episodes in the Great Salt Lake Basin, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18, 17259-17276. https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/17259/2018/
• Foster, C., and Coauthors, 2018: Constraining methane emissions in Utah’s Uintah Basin with ground-based observations and a time-reversed Lagrangian transport model. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 122, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027480.
• Crosman, E., A. Jacques, J. Horel, 2017: A Novel Approach for Monitoring Vertical Profiles of Boundary-Layer Pollutants: Utilizing Routine News Helicopter Flights. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 8, 828-835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2017.01.013
• Foster, C., E. Crosman, J. Horel, 2017: Simulations of a Cold-Air Pool in Utah’s Salt Lake Valley: Sensitivity to Land Use and Snow Cover. Boundary Layer Meteorology. 164, 63-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-017-0240-7
• Crosman, E., J. Horel, 2017: Large-eddy simulations of a Salt Lake Valley cold-air pool. Atmospheric Research. 193, 10–25. http://10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.04.010