air quality monitoring - western cape...this report covers data from the worcester air quality...

Air Quality Monitoring

Monthly Report

Directorate: Pollution Management Sub-directorate: Air Quality Management

WORCESTER

SGS Environmental

1st Floor, Panther Park, 11 Berkley Road Maitland, Cape Town, 7405 Suite 259, Private Bag X19 Milnerton, 7435

Tel: +27 11 326 3902 Fax: +27 31 279 1414

Internet: www.sgs.com E-mail: [email protected]

Air Quality Monitoring Monthly Report

Worcester – Western Cape

December 2011

Prepared for

Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning AQ226

Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning AQ226 Monthly Ambient Air Quality Report for Worcester, December 2011

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report covers data from the Worcester Air Quality Monitoring station for December

2011. This station is one in an ambient network of three (3) stations that have been

commissioned across the Western Cape by SGS Environmental on behalf of the Provincial

Government of the Western Cape. The ambient air monitoring system, maintained by SGS

SA Environmental Services, is accredited to ISO17025:2005 for the measurement of SO2,

NO2 and O3 by the South African National Accreditation Service (SANAS). The

measurement of other pollutants reported does not fall within this accreditation.

There were no exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality standards for all measured

during December 2011.

The average data collection at the Worcester monitoring station during December 2011 was

greater than 99% for SO2 and CO.

The NOX analyser developed a fault between the 7th and 13th December 2011 and data

could not be recorded during this period. The resulting data capture for the month was 80%

for NO, NO2 and NOX.

The O3 analyser developed a pump fault on 19th December and the PM-10 analyser

developed a software fault on 2nd December. Both analysers were removed for repairs and

data capture for December 2011 was 60% and 4% for O3 and PM-10 respectively.

Meteorological conditions for December 2011 were not available as the meteorological

station has not been fully installed after the station exchange.

Page 2 of 42


REPORT DETAILS REFERENCE AQ226/wc4/201112 REPORT TITLE Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Report for Worcester, December 2011 DATE SUBMITTED: 16 January 2012 CLIENT: Provincial Government of the Western Cape

Department of Environmental Affairs & Development Planning: Deputy Director (Air Quality Monitoring) 1 Dorp Street Cape Town 8001 Tel: +27 21 483 2891 E-mail: [email protected]

PREPARED BY: Helen Hill 1st Floor, Panther Park, 11 Berkley Road Maitland, Cape Town, 7405 Suite 259, Private Bag X19 Milnerton, 7435 Tel: +27 31 279 1490 E-mail: [email protected]

SIGNED:

APPROVER: Signed: Grant Ravenscroft (Technical Signatory)

STATUS Final NOTICE This document is issued by SGS Environmental under SGS’s General Conditions

of Service accessible at http://www.sgs.com/terms_and_conditions.htm. Attention is drawn to the limitation of liability, indemnification and jurisdiction issues defined therein. Any holder of this document is advised that information contained herein reflects the Company’s findings at the time of its testing only and within the limits of Client’s written instructions, if any. SGS Environmental’s sole responsibility is to its Client. Any unauthorised alteration, forgery or falsification of the content or appearance of this document is unlawful.

This report has been independently verified. The approver’s responsibility is limited to the assessment of the technical correctness of the report contents and associated calculations. On-site test work and site conditions, and associated findings and recommendations remain the responsibility of the author.

Page 3 of 42


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Description Page

1 INTRODUCTION 6

1.1 Scope of Work 6

1.2 Project Specific Description 6

2 GUIDELINES & AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 8

3 METHODOLOGY 9

3.1 Ambient Air Quality 9

3.2 Data Capture 9

4 RESULTS 10

4.1 Ambient Air Quality Trends 10

4.2 Compliance 15

4.3 Mean and Maximum Concentrations 15

4.4 Diurnal trends 16

4.5 Monthly Averages 17

4.6 Wind and pollution roses 19

5 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 20

Appendix 1 Summary Table of Hourly Means

Appendix 2 Monitoring Methodologies

Appendix 3 Quality Assurance Statement

Page 4 of 42


ABBREVIATIONS

DEA National Department of Environmental Affairs DEADP Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning EPA See US EPA m3 Cubic Meters Max Maximum Min Minimum NEMAQA National Environment Management Air Quality Act NOX Nitrogen oxides PM-10 Particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm ppb Parts per billion SANS South African National Standard SO2 Sulphur dioxide μg/m3 Micrograms per cubic metre µm Micrometers US EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency WHO World Health Organisation

Page 5 of 42


1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Scope of Work

This project covers the set-up and commissioning of three (3) Air Quality Monitoring (AQM)

Stations in the Western Cape as well as continued maintenance, calibration and training

over a three (3) year period. Stations will be moved in an annual cycle. The project

commenced in January 2008.

1.2 Project Specific Description

This report evaluates data collected from the Worcester Air Quality Monitoring Station

(Figure 1), in the Western Cape (Figure 2). After an extensive site selection process, a

suitable site was selected in the Meirings Park residential area (33° 37’ 39.26”S, 19° 28’

5.42”E), to the north east of the town. This site meets all the requirements as outlined in the

US EPA’s “Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems” and

“SANS 1929” report.

Figure 1

Page 6 of 42


Site preparation and training commenced during July 2009 with the station being set-up,

calibrated and tested towards the end of that month. The meteorological equipment was

commissioned on the 5th August. The first month’s data was reported in August 2009.

Figure 2

The ambient air monitoring system is maintained by SGS SA Environmental Services and

accredited to ISO17025:2005 for the measurement of SO2, NO2 and O3 by the South African

National Accreditation Service (SANAS). The measurement of other pollutants reported does

not fall within this accreditation.

Page 7 of 42


2 GUIDELINES & AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

Table 2.1: National Ambient Air Quality Standards for SO2, NO2, O3, CO and PM-10

Pollutant SO2 SO2 NO2 O3 PM-10 CO CO

Period 10 minute 1 hour 1 hour 8 hour 1 day 1 hour 8 hour

RSA AQ

Standard (µg/m3)

500 350 200 120 120 30mg/m3 10mg/m3

The National Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) standards for common pollutants

as listed in the Government Gazette No.32816, published 24 December 2009, are listed in

Table 2.1 above.

Page 8 of 42


3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Ambient Air Quality

Ambient concentrations of sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, ozone and particulates less than

10 µm in diameter (PM-10) are measured at the Worcester monitoring site in accordance

with the latest National Ambient Air Quality Standards (as above). Levels of these pollutants

are presented graphically and in table form in section 4 below.

3.2 Data Capture

Data is analysed for completeness against a required standards of 90% and presented in

table form below.

Table 3.2.1: Percentage data capture for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide and particulates less than 10 µm in diameter for December 2011.

Pollutant SO2 NO2 NOX O3 CO PM-10

% Capture >99%a 80%* 80%* 60%a >99% 4%b

* The NOX analyser developed a fault between the 7th and 13th December 2011, data could not be recorded during this period.

a The O3 analyser developed a pump fault on the 19th December and the analyser was removed for repairs for the remainder of the month.

a The PM-10 analyser developed a software fault on the 2th December and was removed for repairs for the remainder of the month.

Page 9 of 42


4 RESULTS

4.1 Ambient Air Quality Trends

A graphical summary of pollutants for December 2011 are provided in Figures 4.1.1 – 4.1.8

below. A tabulated summary of results is attached as Appendix 1.

Figure 4.1.1: Daily mean SO2 concentrations

Page 10 of 42


Figure 4.1.2: Daily maximum 10-minute SO2 concentrations

Figure 4.1.3: Daily maximum hourly NO2 concentrations

Page 11 of 42


Figure 4.1.4: Daily mean hourly NOX concentrations

Figure 4.1.5: Daily maximum eight-hourly O3 concentrations

Page 12 of 42


Figure 4.1.6: Daily maximum hourly CO concentrations

Figure 4.1.7: Daily maximum eight-hourly CO concentrations

Page 13 of 42


Figure 4.1.8: Daily mean concentrations for all pollutants

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

105

120

135

150

CO (m

g/m

3 )

(µg/m

3 )

Daily Mean SO2, NO2, O3, CO and PM‐10 concentrationsWorcester ‐ December 2011

SO2

NO2

O3

PM‐10

CO

Page 14 of 42


4.2 Compliance

Table 4.2.1: Compliance with DEA AQA Standards

Pollutant SO2 SO2 NO2 O3 CO CO PM-10

Period 10

minute

1 day 1 hour 8 hour 1 hour 8 hour 1 day

DEA Standards

(µg/m3)

500 125 376 120 30mg/m3 10mg/m3 120

Exceedances 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Period - - - - - - 1 day

DEA Standards

(µg/m3)*

- - - - - - 75

Exceedances - - - - - - -

* Effective 2015

4.3 Mean and Maximum Concentrations

Table 4.3.1: Mean & Maximum Concentrations

Pollutant Period SO2 NO2 O3 PM-10 CO

|------------------------- (µg/m3) -------------------------| mg/m3

Mean Month 2 5 45 -* 0.3

Max. 1 hr 22 37 108 -* 0.6

Max 24 hr 4 13 68 -* 0.5

* Insufficient data to calculate monthly statistics.

Page 15 of 42


4.4 Diurnal trends

Diurnal trends of the ambient pollutants are indicated in Figures 4.4.1 below. Trends are only

shown for those stations where overall data capture was above 50%, which is considered

representative enough for providing an indication of diurnal trends.

Figure 4.4.1: Diurnal trend for NO2, NOX, SO2, O3, CO and PM-10 for December 2011

Page 16 of 42


4.5 Monthly Averages

Monthly average trends since August 2009 are shown in figures 4.5.1 to 4.5.5 below.

Figure 4.5.1 Monthly trend for SO2

05101520253035404550

Concen

tration (µg/m

3 )

Monthly Average SO2 ConcentrationsWorcester

*Between 40%and 60% data capture

*

Page 17 of 42


Figure 4.5.2 Monthly trend for NO2

0102030405060708090100

Concen

tration (µg/m

3 )

Monthly Average NO2 ConcentrationsWorcester

Figure 4.5.3 Monthly trend for O3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Concen

tration (µg/m

3 )

Monthly Average O3 ConcentrationsWorcester


*

Page 18 of 42


Figure 4.5.4 Monthly trend for PM-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Concen

tration (µg/m

3 )

Monthly Average PM10 ConcentrationsWorcester

Figure 4.5.5 Monthly trend for CO

02468101214161820

Concen

tration (m

g/m

3 )

Monthly Average CO ConcentrationsWorcester


*

4.6 Wind and pollution roses

No wind rose is available for December 2011 as the meteorological station has not been fully

installed after the station exchange.

Page 19 of 42


5 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

• The average data collection at the Worcester monitoring station during December 2011

was greater than 99% for SO2 and CO.

• The NOX analyser developed a fault between the 7th and 13th December 2011 and data

could not be recorded during this period. The resulting data capture for the month was

80% for NO, NO2 and NOX.

• The O3 analyser developed a pump fault on 19th December and the PM-10 analyser

developed a software fault on 2nd December. Both analysers were removed for repairs

and data capture for December 2011 was 60% and 4% for O3 and PM-10 respectively.

• There were no exceedances of the DEA standards during December 2011.

• Small morning peaks for PM-10 and other primary pollutants are probably associated

with traffic and industry, while a larger PM-10 peak in the early evening is noted. The

mid to late afternoon ozone peaks follow international trends.

• Meteorological conditions for December 2011 were not available as the meteorological

station has not been fully installed after the station exchange.

Page 20 of 42


APPENDIX 1

Summary Table of Hourly Means for:

• 1. SO2

• 2. NO2

• 3. NOX

• 4. O3

• 5. CO

• 6. PM-10

• 7. Wind Direction

• 8. Wind Speed

• 9. Ambient Temperature

• 10. Relative Humidity

• 11. Solar Radiation

• 12. Rainfall

Page 21 of 42

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA FOR WORCESTER - DECEMBER 2011

POLLUTANT : SULPHUR DIOXIDE HOURLY MEAN CONCENTRATIONS - ug/m3

Start hour 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Mean MaxDay

1 1 1 1 1 7 2 3 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 4 2 2 72 8 7 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 7 3 1 2 83 8 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 84 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 35 2 2 3 2 2 3 5 6 6 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 66 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 37 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 28 1 7 2 1 7 7 6 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 2 0 0 2 79 2 0 0 1 1 3 4 4 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 3 4 7 2 7

10 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 1 1 2 311 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 212 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 8 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 4 9 3 3 4 5 3 9

Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning

AQ226 Monthly Ambient Air Quality Report for Worcester

12 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 8 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 4 9 3 3 4 5 3 913 5 4 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 514 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 115 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 216 1 1 1 7 5 5 9 10 4 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 1 3 1 1 3 1017 1 0 0 0 1 3 3 12 6 22 21 - - 0 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 4 2218 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 319 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 2 3 0 0 6 6 1 620 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 8 2 821 6 10 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1022 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 4 0 0 1 423 1 1 0 4 3 2 2 5 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 5 2 1 1 1 3 8 1 2 824 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 126 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 5 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 527 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 6 2 3 3 0 2 628 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 329 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 8 5 3 9 3 2 930 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 5 1 0 0 0 1 531 0 3 0 3 6 3 2 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 4 2 1 0 0 0 2 6

Mean 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Maximum 8 10 3 7 7 7 9 12 6 22 21 2 2 2 3 3 5 4 4 9 5 7 9 8 4 22



Page 22 of 42


POLLUTANT : NITROGEN DIOXIDE HOURLY MEAN CONCENTRATIONS - ug/m3


1 2 4 6 4 11 9 13 8 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 5 5 6 3 4 132 6 6 3 4 4 7 6 5 2 2 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 73 6 3 5 6 4 5 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 3 64 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 5 4 5 8 6 6 4 85 11 17 25 25 18 24 21 16 16 7 6 5 5 5 5 5 6 8 8 10 10 12 24 29 13 296 22 14 13 12 11 11 19 11 4 4 5 6 6 5 6 6 7 8 9 11 10 12 13 15 10 227 16 7 4 4 5 6 6 7 5 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12



12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 4 4 5 6 8 15 9 6 5 3 - -14 3 3 3 3 3 5 7 9 5 5 5 4 4 5 6 6 5 5 7 5 7 6 4 4 5 915 2 4 3 3 6 10 11 7 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 10 15 18 17 24 25 9 2516 23 19 16 22 23 27 24 12 5 5 7 7 5 5 6 8 8 11 8 5 4 5 6 6 11 2717 10 4 5 13 29 37 25 12 5 6 9 7 4 4 5 5 6 8 10 14 6 4 5 5 10 3718 5 4 9 7 10 18 6 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 7 8 8 9 8 6 7 6 1819 5 5 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 3 3 4 6 5 3 3 5 4 4 620 3 2 3 4 6 10 4 2 3 4 4 5 4 4 6 6 7 8 6 4 6 5 4 6 5 1021 6 6 6 7 4 3 6 10 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 7 6 9 9 10 7 10 6 1022 5 6 6 8 5 7 8 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 6 5 7 8 8 8 5 6 5 823 7 14 18 17 21 23 12 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 4 2 3 5 4 4 5 5 7 2324 5 4 6 5 5 5 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 4 4 3 5 3 2 2 3 625 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 426 2 2 2 3 4 6 8 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 7 9 4 3 4 4 927 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 2 4 3 3 428 4 5 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 3 5 3 529 5 10 5 4 3 6 6 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 5 5 5 6 3 4 1030 2 2 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 631 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 4

Mean 6 6 6 7 8 10 8 6 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 5Maximum 23 19 25 25 29 37 25 16 16 7 9 7 6 5 6 8 8 11 10 15 18 17 24 29 13 37



Page 23 of 42


POLLUTANT : OXIDES OF NITROGEN HOURLY MEAN CONCENTRATIONS - ug/m3


1 9 10 11 8 17 15 21 12 6 3 4 5 6 6 6 7 8 9 9 12 14 12 14 10 10 212 14 13 7 8 6 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 6 7 8 10 13 14 15 13 13 8 153 13 9 11 12 9 10 10 9 8 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 12 12 13 15 14 13 12 12 11 154 12 8 8 8 6 6 6 4 5 7 7 7 8 7 5 5 6 6 10 9 10 14 11 11 8 145 16 20 30 28 21 28 33 21 19 7 6 5 7 8 10 12 14 18 16 17 17 18 33 38 18 386 27 17 14 13 11 12 25 16 5 6 6 8 9 8 10 12 14 17 19 22 20 23 23 30 15 307 25 16 10 10 10 11 14 17 13 12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12



12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13 - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 7 7 9 9 11 14 20 11 6 6 4 - -14 6 7 6 7 9 11 14 19 14 13 15 13 15 16 18 18 16 17 17 15 16 15 13 14 14 1915 11 14 13 11 15 22 25 20 16 16 16 16 17 17 18 17 19 20 20 25 29 28 39 48 21 4816 38 23 21 32 62 90 57 23 11 11 13 13 10 9 11 13 12 15 9 6 5 8 8 6 21 9017 10 4 4 12 42 98 49 16 7 32 10 13 11 12 12 14 14 15 19 22 15 13 14 14 20 9818 14 12 16 14 17 25 12 8 10 10 11 12 14 14 14 13 14 17 19 19 20 20 17 18 15 2519 15 16 13 12 12 14 15 16 16 15 16 17 16 15 15 14 14 15 18 17 16 17 17 16 15 1820 13 13 13 13 15 19 12 11 14 14 15 16 15 14 17 18 19 20 17 16 17 16 15 15 15 2021 16 14 13 13 9 8 10 18 10 9 11 14 15 14 17 18 19 22 21 23 23 24 20 23 16 2422 16 18 18 18 16 18 20 18 17 18 25 29 26 26 24 24 26 24 24 24 22 20 19 18 21 2923 19 25 32 30 39 53 30 17 13 13 14 13 15 15 15 16 19 17 17 21 19 19 20 18 21 5324 18 15 17 16 16 17 13 13 14 13 14 15 14 14 13 13 12 15 16 15 18 16 14 13 15 1825 13 13 10 9 9 8 7 7 7 8 12 8 9 8 9 9 8 10 10 12 11 11 10 9 9 1326 9 8 6 5 4 7 10 5 2 3 4 5 7 7 7 8 10 10 12 15 17 11 10 11 8 1727 8 7 7 4 5 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 7 9 11 12 12 16 14 12 14 13 8 1628 13 13 10 9 7 7 5 7 6 5 5 7 7 7 8 8 9 11 11 12 13 14 13 13 9 1429 12 17 9 6 6 10 9 8 4 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 10 14 14 14 15 10 9 1730 9 7 11 8 6 5 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 9 8 12 13 12 11 12 8 1331 12 11 9 10 7 6 7 6 5 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 8 10 10 9 11 9 10 10 8 12

Mean 15 13 13 13 15 21 17 12 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 13 14 14 16 16 15 16 16 13Maximum 38 25 32 32 62 98 57 23 19 32 25 29 26 26 24 24 26 24 24 25 29 28 39 48 21 98



Page 24 of 42


POLLUTANT : OZONE HOURLY MEAN CONCENTRATIONS - ug/m3


1 40 36 35 31 27 25 24 32 41 46 52 57 59 57 55 56 50 38 35 34 33 32 31 32 40 592 28 25 24 23 22 17 21 28 38 44 51 58 68 67 63 51 48 44 39 36 35 34 36 34 39 683 31 33 29 29 29 25 31 39 46 50 51 50 51 52 51 49 48 46 44 40 38 36 34 31 40 524 29 28 25 23 22 24 29 34 38 42 45 49 53 59 63 66 68 69 66 57 51 38 38 37 44 695 29 19 6 10 22 16 15 34 53 60 59 59 58 60 61 62 61 59 56 52 47 42 23 18 41 626 17 27 27 26 26 28 21 39 51 55 58 61 63 66 66 67 67 59 52 45 42 35 30 29 44 677 25 37 44 46 43 41 42 42 42 45 - 49 50 48 46 46 45 42 38 34 30 28 30 31 40 508 32 32 32 32 32 32 30 31 34 35 38 41 42 44 45 44 46 43 40 37 36 34 31 31 36 469 28 29 29 28 18 7 18 30 36 41 44 48 51 58 69 73 70 68 46 44 40 39 36 20 40 73

10 20 28 30 17 3 2 15 42 46 54 54 55 57 62 68 59 56 51 40 39 36 36 40 41 40 6811 43 46 47 49 51 50 49 49 50 50 55 64 65 67 68 72 77 75 60 54 48 46 50 45 55 7712 45 43 30 22 26 15 20 41 53 55 58 57 64 72 71 68 65 67 63 46 43 38 38 36 47 72



12 45 43 30 22 26 15 20 41 53 55 58 57 64 72 71 68 65 67 63 46 43 38 38 36 47 7213 34 31 29 30 18 17 20 31 42 47 49 49 48 47 46 45 46 46 46 38 36 36 37 40 38 4914 40 38 39 41 40 38 36 39 46 44 44 44 43 42 41 44 47 46 44 43 39 40 42 42 42 4715 43 40 40 39 36 31 31 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 52 56 59 59 54 43 32 29 18 16 41 5916 15 16 18 13 10 5 13 33 45 52 62 76 82 78 74 73 80 84 80 56 54 52 51 50 49 8417 44 49 46 31 13 7 21 48 58 62 86 85 70 70 73 74 92 108 105 90 61 59 58 53 61 10818 54 54 49 50 43 34 48 59 62 66 71 75 86 82 84 94 107 106 98 81 67 61 52 44 68 10719 34 31 28 24 26 28 28 33 38 44 48 53 37 28 54 - - - - - - - - - - -20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mean 33 34 32 30 27 23 27 38 45 49 54 57 58 58 61 61 63 62 56 48 43 40 38 35 45Maximum 54 54 49 50 51 50 49 59 62 66 86 85 86 82 84 94 107 108 105 90 67 61 58 53 68 108



Page 25 of 42


POLLUTANT : CARBON MONOXIDE HOURLY MEAN CONCENTRATIONS - mg/m3


1 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.39 0.34 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.39 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.3 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.3 0.42 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.32 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.39 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.3 0.31 0.3 0.43 0.32 0.3 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.3 0.29 0.3 0.29 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.32 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.33 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.3 0.44 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.34 0.38 0.41 0.4 0.37 0.35 0.37 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.35 0.36 0.3 0.45 0.37 0.39 0.41 0.4 0.37 0.41 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.38 0.4 0.38 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.42 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.36 0.38 0.38 0.4 0.56 0.39 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.36 0.4 0.47 0.37 0.35 0.37 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.37 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.35 0.4 0.57 0.35 0.36 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.35 0.41 0.33 0.33 - 0.29 0.27 0.21 0.21 0.24 0.26 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.3 0.29 0.26 0.3 0.48 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.26 0.25 0.21 0.21 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.2 0.2 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.2 0.39 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.29 0.35 0.38 0.28 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.19 0.2 0.22 0.24 0.24 0.27 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.26 0.29 0.3 0.36 0.3 0.4

10 0.34 0.32 0.29 0.31 0.4 0.49 0.4 0.25 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.33 0.41 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.27 0.26 0.3 0.511 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.28 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.28 0.29 0.3 0.26 0.25 0.27 0.3 0.312 0 27 0 27 0 3 0 29 0 32 0 4 0 41 0 32 0 23 0 22 0 23 0 24 0 23 0 39 0 27 0 26 0 27 0 28 0 29 0 29 0 27 0 28 0 29 0 28 0 3 0 4



12 0.27 0.27 0.3 0.29 0.32 0.4 0.41 0.32 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.23 0.39 0.27 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.28 0.3 0.413 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.28 0.3 0.38 0.33 0.38 0.3 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.24 0.24 0.32 0.41 0.38 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.3 0.414 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.26 0.29 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.22 0.25 0.27 0.29 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.27 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.3 0.315 0.24 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.28 0.29 0.3 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.3 0.32 0.35 0.36 0.4 0.39 0.3 0.416 0.41 0.35 0.35 0.41 0.45 0.61 0.49 0.33 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.3 0.27 0.28 0.3 0.32 0.36 0.39 0.31 0.28 0.28 0.3 0.29 0.31 0.3 0.617 0.32 0.31 0.3 0.34 0.49 0.57 0.44 0.33 0.29 0.06 0.54 0.58 0.54 0.53 0.53 0.51 0.51 0.54 0.53 0.58 0.46 0.44 0.44 0.42 0.4 0.618 0.43 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.41 0.43 0.38 0.35 0.37 0.36 0.39 0.41 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.44 0.5 0.5 0.51 0.49 0.5 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.4 0.519 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.49 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.47 0.52 0.53 0.48 0.45 0.47 0.46 0.5 0.520 0.47 0.47 0.46 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.46 0.49 0.49 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.44 0.44 0.5 0.521 0.44 0.44 0.46 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.51 0.46 0.42 0.44 0.42 0.39 0.41 0.4 0.42 0.4 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.4 0.522 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.4 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.37 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.33 0.35 0.34 0.36 0.4 0.38 0.39 0.4 0.41 0.43 0.43 0.38 0.4 0.423 0.37 0.4 0.43 0.41 0.47 0.51 0.39 0.37 0.33 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.36 0.34 0.36 0.45 0.43 0.4 0.38 0.39 0.4 0.524 0.38 0.4 0.4 0.39 0.39 0.4 0.37 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.44 0.5 0.46 0.48 0.5 0.41 0.39 0.4 0.525 0.37 0.38 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.44 0.42 0.38 0.4 0.4 0.39 0.4 0.41 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.38 0.39 0.4 0.426 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.38 0.39 0.42 0.46 0.37 0.36 0.36 0.4 0.527 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.32 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.31 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.19 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.07 0.3 0.328 0.08 0.14 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.1 0.1 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.13 0.15 0.1 0.229 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.2 0.19 0.2 0.230 0.2 0.2 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.2 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.2 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.22 0.19 0.22 0.2 0.21 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.231 0.19 0.21 0.2 0.21 0.21 0.2 0.21 0.2 0.23 0.17 0.19 0.23 0.2 0.2 0.21 0.22 0.2 0.24 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.2 0.2

Mean 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3Maximum 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6



Page 26 of 42


POLLUTANT : PM-10 HOURLY MEAN CONCENTRATIONS - ug/m3


1 16 15 18 17 18 12 14 20 11 7 1 5 4 5 8 7 20 20 9 8 9 8 10 7 11 202 8 8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12



12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mean 12 12 18 17 18 12 14 20 11 7 1 5 4 5 8 7 20 20 9 8 9 8 10 7 11Maximum 16 15 18 17 18 12 14 20 11 7 1 5 4 5 8 7 20 20 9 8 9 8 10 7 11 20



Page 27 of 42


PARAMETER : Wind Direction HOURLY MEAN VALUES - degrees (°)

Start hour 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23Day

1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12



12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



Page 28 of 42


PARAMETER : Wind Speed HOURLY MEAN VALUES - m.s-1


1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12



12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- -Mean - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Maximum - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



Page 29 of 42


PARAMETER : Ambient Temperature HOURLY MEAN VALUES - °C


1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12



12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mean - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Maximum - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



Page 30 of 42


PARAMETER : Relative Humidity HOURLY MEAN VALUES - %


1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12



12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mean - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Maximum - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



Page 31 of 42


PARAMETER : Solar Radiation HOURLY MEAN VALUES - W.m‐2


1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12



12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mean - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Maximum - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



Page 32 of 42


PARAMETER : Barometric Pressure HOURLY MEAN VALUES - HPa


1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12



12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mean - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Maximum - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



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PARAMETER : Rainfall HOURLY MEAN VALUES - mm

Start hour 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 TotalDay

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.06 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.09 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.012 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0



12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.013 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0.214 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 1.2 1.4 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.215 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.016 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.017 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.019 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.020 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.021 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.022 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.023 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.024 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.025 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.026 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.027 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.028 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.029 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.030 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.031 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

Total 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4 0.2 0.0 1.2 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 8.8



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APPENDIX 2

Monitoring Methodologies

1. Continuous Real Time Monitors

Continuous real-time monitors are used to measure real-time concentrations of gases.

These are usually one part of an AQMS and often are remote in location and need to be

connected in a network as per Figure 1.9.2.1 below. Such a system would have the following

as a minimum requirement:

• Environmental enclosure

• Inlet manifold

• Analysers

• Calibration

• Meteorological instrumentation

• Data acquisition

• Data reporting

• Communication

• Housekeeping (log book, shelter check sheet, instruments data sheets)

In particular the monitoring station would have the following basic components:

• Monitoring station design

– Housing

– Air inlet system

– Monitoring instrumentation

– Calibration of monitors

– Logging devices

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Figure 1.9.2.1: eThekwini Municipality Multi Point Plan AQMS

Monitoring Methods

This section gives an overview of the methods employed in the continuous monitoring of

ambient compounds.

CO: is monitored continuously by non-dispersive infrared photometry

• The non-dispersive infrared photometry process is based upon the absorption of infrared

light by CO

NOX are measured continuously by the principle of chemiluminescence

• The air sample is split into two pathways; one to measure NO, and the other to measure

total NOX

• The intensity of light is measured with a photomultiplier to obtain the concentration of NO

• To obtain NO2 the sample gas is passed through a molly converter

• Measurement is the sum of NO2 and NO, expressed as NOX

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SO2 is monitored continuously by pulsed fluorescence.

• In this method, air is drawn through a sample chamber where it is irradiated with pulses

of ultra-violet light.

• Any SO2 in the sample is excited to a higher energy level and upon returning to its

original state, light or fluorescence is released.

• The amount of fluorescence measured is proportional to the SO2 concentration.

O3 is monitored continuously using ultra-violet (UV) light absorption

• The sampled air is exposed to UV light, which is absorbed by O3.

• The amount of UV light absorbed is proportional to the amount of O3 in the sample; that

is, the more UV light is absorbed, the greater the amount of O3 in the sample.

PM10 is monitored continuously and intermittently

• The Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) is the most widely used

continuous PM10 monitor

• The TEOM draws an air sample through an inlet stream that aerodynamically separates

particles of a specified diameter

• The air sample then passes through a filter that is attached to a tapered element in the

mass transducer.

• This tapered element vibrates at its natural frequency.

• As particles are deposited onto the filter the oscillating frequency changes in proportion to

the amount of mass deposited.

Meteorological parameters such as wind direction, wind speed, temperature, relative

humidity, solar radiation and atmospheric pressure are monitored in order to assist in

identifying the sources of elevated concentration events or episodes

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2. Quality Control Requirements

Quality control of the monitored data is important to verify that the data reported is accurate

and of a low uncertainty. Each monitoring station or passive monitoring site should be

treated as if it were a laboratory. A laboratory is defined as “A place equipped for testing and

analysis” or “A place providing the opportunity for observation in a field of study”. It must be

noted that it has been stated by DEA that only air quality data that is accredited will be

accepted by DEA. The definition for accreditation is “the procedure by which an authoritative

body gives formal recognition that a body is competent to carry out specific tasks”. In order

to be accredited a sampling method must have:

• A recognised methodology that competence can be measured against

• A quality system

• Have been audited by a certification body

A relevant quality system for air quality measurements according to SANAS is ISO 17025.

This system provides guidance to laboratories on essential elements for both:

• Quality management

• Technical requirements for the proper operation of a testing laboratory

3. Instrument Calibration and Frequency

This section covers the calibration of continuous air quality monitors. The basic requirements

based on the US EPA Red Book are:

• Each analyser must have a dynamic calibration every three months

• Note: This type of calibration must also be carried out on installation, after any repair, if

tolerances of zero/ span are not met and if the analyser is relocated

• Zero and span calibration every two weeks

• Zero check every other week

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4. Data Acquisition Requirements

This section also refers to an AQMS based on continuous monitoring from a monitoring

station and to the data logging system:

The data logger must:

• Be verified annually

• Output from the analysers must be recorded

• Generate hourly mean concentrations

• Be able to scan at 30 second intervals with a minimum scan period of 1 hour and store

this data

• Collect at least 40 minutes of uninterrupted data per hour for a valid average

• Use calculations verified by a statistician

5. Site Selection

The following quote is noteworthy when considering the location of sites: “Irrespective of how

well a monitoring station is run, if it is not sited correctly data collected will have little value”

As was mentioned earlier sites are selected for one of the following reasons:

• To judge compliance with air quality standards

• To activate emergency control procedures for episodes

• To observe pollution trends throughout a region

• To provide a database for research.

When selecting monitoring sites the following must be considered:

• Economic – Resources must be available for the expensive instrumentation, data

retrieval and evaluation, maintenance and quality assurance and reporting of data

• Security – Problems can arise in this regard that make a site unsuitable when standard

measures are taken into account

• Logistics – Planning, staffing, procurement procedures, training, communications, safety,

task scheduling

• Atmospheric conditions

o Variability of air pollutants and their transport (effects of buildings, terrain and heat

sources)

o Dispersion factors – wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric stability

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• Topography – Transport and diffusion of air pollutants are complicated by topographical

features such as valleys or hills

• Pollutant consideration: A sampling site for one pollutant may or may not be suitable for

other pollutants

o For example, monitoring ozone close to primary NO emissions would not provide

accurate pollutant information

• The final placement once a monitoring site has been selected depends on the presence

of physical obstructions, accessibility and availability of utilities.

• Obstructions such as trees and buildings significantly affect the air flow over the

monitoring station and the placement should expose the station to the general air flow of

the area to prevent sampling bias.

• Major roads can produce bias and sites should be 15-60m away unless there are specific

requirements for roadway monitoring. Typically sites would be between 3m and 15m

away in this case.

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6. Data Management

All monitoring stations produce data that may be used for various reasons as outlined above.

The following should be noted when dealing with this monitoring data and systems should be

designed to accommodate the following:

• A copy of the raw data must always be available

• A record must be kept of any adjustments made

• All multiplication factors/ algorithms/ manipulations on the data must be recorded and

reported

• Data must be kept for a minimum of 3 years

• When data is reported the temperature and pressure at which the analyser was last

calibrated must be indicated on the test report

The following points must be considered when preparing a monitoring plan:

• Local authority responsible for monitoring

• Check to see if Province has information about your area

• Check to see whether DEA has information about your area (SAAQIS)

• Do screening study to see which pollutants if any are of concern

• SANS 1929 lets you make management decisions on whether costly continuous

monitoring is needed

• If so focus on quality control, reporting 80% or more of available data

• Use data to mange improvements in air quality

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APPENDIX 3

Quality Assurance Statement

The SO2, NO2 and O3 concentrations reported are determined by a United States

Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) equivalent method (EQSA-0495-100, RFNA-

1194-099 and EQOA-0992-087 respectively).

The system is accredited for the measurement of SO2, NO2 and O3 only. The accreditation

does not include the measurement of PM-10, CO or meteorological parameters (e.g. wind,

temperature). All opinions and interpretations detailed in this report do not form part of the

accreditation.

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air quality monitoring - western cape...this report covers data from the worcester air quality...

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