air quality measurement

8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement

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Environmental monitoring

Air quality monitoring

Air and meteorological monitoring parameters


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Classification of air pollutants Primary pollutants (emitted directly to the atmosphere) Secondary pollutants (formed by reactions involving primary pollutants and

other constituents within the atmosphere)

Classification of sources of air pollutants Stationary sources Mobile sources

Sources

Natural sources Anthropogenic sources Urban sources


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Primary air pollutants

Secondary air pollutants

are formed from sunlight that results in photochemical reactions of !with one or more ofthe primary air pollutants"


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Legislation regarding the concentration limits

Order no. 592/22revi#ed by Order !!"/2#for establishing the limit values and the

evaluation methods of several primary pollutants in the environmental air (imisii)

Pollutant $ourly limit %alue&a%erage ' h(

)aily limit %alue

&a%erage 2! h(

Annually limit %alue forhuman health protection

&a%erage ' year(

Annually limit %alue for%egetation protection

&a%erage ' year(

SO2 $%& 'gm$ !% 'gm$ * !& 'gm$

*O+*O2 !&& 'gm$ * +& 'gm$ $& 'gm$

Particulate,atter &P,'(

* %& 'gm$ !& 'gm$ *

Lead * * &"% 'gm$ *

-enene * * % 'gm$ *

CO * & mgm$ * *

Oone !& 'gm$ * ,"&&& 'gm$h *

Arsenic * * - 'gm$ *

Cadmium * * % 'gm$ *

*ic0el * * !& 'gm$ *

Added 1y Order !!"/2#


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Legislation regarding the concentration limits

Order no. 592/22for establishing the limit values and the evaluation methods of several

primary pollutants in the environmental air (imisii)

SO2 .luorescence in ultraviolet

*O+*O2 /hemiluminescence

Particulate,atter &P,'(

/ollection of PM&on filters and mass measurement (gravimetric) or

01M method

Lead /ollection of lead on filters and AAS

-enene Aspiration on a filter cartridge and gas chromatographyCO Nondispersive infrared spectrophotometry (N234)

Oone U5 photometry

eference methods for concentration measurement


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*ational *et3or0 for Air 4uality ,onitoring &*,CA(

333.calitateaer.ro


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omanian legislation regarding the concentration limits

Order no. !2/'996 regarding emissions from stationary sources (emisii)

4efers to emissions produced by Stationary sources 5ehicles

3nfrastructures designed to transportation 6urning installations .uel burning

Measurements are mandatory for the installation owner"

0he results are to be registered and archived by the owner"

0he limits are given according to the source"3f the limits are e7ceeded8 the polluter pays"


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Order no. !2/'996

6urner supplied with li9uid fuel

7hermal po3er 80/t:

Pollutant ;nit < ' ' = 6 6 = 5 > 5

Suspended particulates mgNm$ %& %& %& %&

/ mgNm$ :& :& :& :&

S7(e7pressed in S

!) mgNm$ :&& :&& :&& :&&

N7(e7pressed in N

!) mgNm$ +%& +%& +%& +%&

6urner supplied with solid fuel

7hermal po3er 80/t:

Pollutant ;nit < ' ' = 6 6 = 5 > 5Suspended particulates mgNm$ && && && &&

/ mgNm$ !%& !%& !%& !%&

S7(e7pressed in S

!) mgNm$ !&&& !&&& +&& +&&

N7(e7pressed in N

!) mgNm$ %&& +&& +&& +&&


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Order no. !2/'996

6urner supplied with natural gas

7hermal po3er 80/t:

Pollutant ;nit < ' ' = 6 6 = 5 > 5

Suspended particulates mgNm$ % % % %

/ mgNm$ && && && &&

S7(e7pressed in S

!) mgNm$ $% $% $% $%

N7(e7pressed in N

!) mgNm$ $%& $%& $%& $%&


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,ethods and instrumentation

Passive sampling methods

Active sampling methods

Automatic methods

4emote optical * long path analy#ers

Any instrument measures $ types of values;

3nstantaneous value

0


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?as measurement using spectroscopic methods

Spectrophotometryis based on the interaction of the gas molecules with light"

hc=

A1sor1tion techniques> it is measured the intensity of light after passing through

a gaseous medium" Usually absorption is measured at several fre9uencies in order to

avoid offests and interferences with other species" 0here are + principles;

2ifferential ptical Absorption Spectroscopy (2AS)

.ourier 0ransform 3nfrared (.034)Non*2ispersive 3nfrared (N234)

0unable =aser 2iode Absorption Spectroscopy (0=2AS)


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?as measurement using spectroscopic methods

@mission techniques> e7cite molecules of the gas and then e7amine the light

emitted as they return to their ground state" 0he signal is passed through a narrow*

band filter and measured with a photomultiplier tube"

.lame photometry

/hemiluminescence

U5 fluorescence


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,easurement of car1on monoide &CO( 1y B photometry

'm+8-)? =

A @ log(33o) @ ab/-eers la3

3&3

A @ absorbance

a @ absorbtion coefficient

b @ path length

/ @ concentration


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,easurement of car1on monoide &CO(


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Schematic of a N234 head



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Air quality monitoring,easurement of nitric oides &*O( 1y chemiluminescence

N $@@B N! ! hv (&"- > $ 'm)

Chemiluminescent reaction


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,easurement of sulphur dioide &SO2( 1y ;D fluorescence

17citation

S& hCe7D S

.luorescence (emission)

SD S& hCem heat


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Air quality monitoring,easurement of sulphur dioide &SO2( 1y ;D fluorescence

Ai i i i


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Air quality monitoring,easurement of sulphur dioide &SO2( 1y ;D fluorescence

7eledyne '@

;D EluorescenceSO2 Analyer

4anges; &*%& ppb to &*!&8&&& ppb full scale8 user selectable or autoranging

Units; ppb8 ppm8 Egm$8 mgm$

Fero noise; G &"! ppb (4MS)

Span noise; G &"%H of reading (4MS) above %& ppb=ower 2etectable =imit (=2=); &8+ ppb

=inearity; H of full scale

Precision; &"%H of reading above %& ppb

Analog outputs; &58 %58 58 &"58 selectable

Serial outputs;

Serial Port ; 4S*!$! (26*IM)

Serial Port !; standard 4S*!$! or optional4S*+,% (26*I.)8 1thernet

Ai li i i


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Air quality monitoring?as chromatography

?as chromatography

&%ideo clip(


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,easurement of Dolatile Organic Compounds &DOC(

Photo=Boniation )etector &PB)(


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,easurement of Dolatile Organic Compounds &DOC(

Photo=Boniation )etector &PB)(


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Eraction Sie range

PM&

(thoracic fraction)

J & 'm

PM!"%

(respirable fraction)

J !"% 'm

PM!"%> PM&

(coarse fraction)

!"% * & 'm

PM

(fine fraction)

J 'm

Ultrafine (U.P or UP) J &" 'm

,easurement of suspended particles &particulate matter F P,(

Aerosol @ particles gas


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?ra%imteric method


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-eta Attenuation ,ethod



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-eta Attenuation ,ethod


7echnical specifications

Source /arbon*+ (/*+)8 G $": M69

,easurement ange & to "&8 !"&8 $"&8 %"&8 &"& mgm$

& to &&8 8&&&8 !8&&&8 $8&&&8 %8&&&8 &8&&& 'gm$

,inimum )etection Limit - 'gm$(! hour)8 + 'gm$(hour)

$ 'gm$($ hour)8 'gm$(!+*hour)

esolution &" 'gm$

Precision K!"& 'gm$

G ,& 'gm$

8 +*% 'gm$

B ,& 'gm$

(!+*hour average)Accuracy &for mass measurement( K %H using N3S0*traceable mass foil set

,odelG -A,='2 @n%iro7echnology


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Optical method


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7apered @lement Oscillating ,icro1alance &7@O,(



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Air quality monitoring,easurement of gaseous pollutants using electrochemical sensors

e5Ln pre#ena ga#elor de

reducere

Gaz!

1

Sn!*7 Sn!*7

e5

Ln aer

! !

1

Sn!*7 Sn!*7

,etallic oide )etected gases

0i!

8 .e!

$

8 /o8 Fn8 Fr!

8 Sn!

8 =a!

$

!

/r!

$8 Ni8 Fn8 Fr

!8 Sn

!8 3n

!

$/

.e!

$8 .e

$

+8 /o

$

+8 Fn /

+

Sn!8 5 N

7

Fn8 Al!

$

8 Sn!

halogens

= OPCAR

4 @ resistance

A8 Q @ constants

/ @ gas concentration

air quality measurement

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