air quality management at urban regional and … · uni en 14902-2005. measurements of metals in...

AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT at URBAN REGIONAL and GLOBAL SCALES 4° International and IUAPPA Regional Conference,10-13 September 2012 Istanbul-Turkey

WHERE…

Monitoring sites

Devis Panont – Claudia Tarricone AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT at URBAN REGIONAL and GLOBAL SCALES -4° International and IUAPPA Regional Conference,

10-13 September 2012 Istanbul-Turkey

Rural site

Rural site

Lower Valley

Plaine of Aosta

Aosta urban area

Industrial Area

Plouves

Supermaket

Dora

Air ambient monitoring sites Roof deposimeter Stack emissions



STACK EMISSIONS



DIFFUSE EMISSIONS



EAF

TO THE

STACK

GASES

(Ar. O2)

TO THE

STACK

AOD

EAF = Electric Arc Furnace

AOD = Argon Oxygen Decarburization

Electric steelmaking emissions can be distinguished in primary and secondary emissions

Primary emissions are derived from operations carried out at high temperatures as melting of scrap (in EAF) and refining of molten steel (in AOD)

PRIMARY

COLLECTION SYSTEM

PRIMARY

COLLECTION SYSTEM



SECONDARY COLLECTION SYSTEM

SCRAP, LIME, COAL

SLAG

MOLTEN STEEL

TO THE STACK

DUST, FUMES



Secondary emissions are derived from production steps such as:

furnace charging

de-slagging

liquid steel transfers

handling of additives

DIFFUSE EMISSIONS

DEPOSIMETER

GASES (Ar. O2)

AOD

ROOF OF THE BUILDING

EAF

FABRIC FILTER

FABRIC FILTER

FABRIC FILTER

Off-gases extraction system of Aosta steel mill





SECONDARY HOODS

DIFFUSE EMISSIONS MONITORING BY DEPOSITION SAMPLING

DEPOSIMETER

ROOF OF THE STEEL MILL BUILDING

SUPERMARKET SITE





STACK EMISSIONS • 90% of the dust comes from melting and

refining processes (container is closed) • at high temperature (>1600°C) Zn and Fe

are volatilized and oxidized • Particles size distribution: 85% is < 10 µm • ~100% of dust emissions is collected and

treated by fabric filters

DIFFUSE EMISSIONS • Furnace charging, tapping of molten

steel, deslagging (container is opened) • Layer of slag in the surface of melt • Emission of coarse particles with slag

composition • Diffuse emissions are not collected and

treated

Stack emissions consist mainly of PM10 particles composed mainly

by zinc and iron oxydes

Diffuse emissions consist mainly of coarse particles with the same

composition of the slag

The environmental monitorings were conducted by ARPA Valle d’Aosta (Regional Agency of Environmental Protection) and are referred to the years from 2008 until 2011. . The temporal coverage of the series extended to 100% of the considered years.

Stack and diffuse emissions data were carried out within the integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC) permit in the same years.

PM10 and metals determinations in ambient air quality monitoring have been performed according to the EU Directive 2004/107/EC and UNI EN 14902-2005.

Measurements of metals in stack emissions have been carried out according to the UNI EN 13284-1 method.

Monitoring of total depositions has been conducted following the Italian laws and regulations (National Institute of Health, 2006) according to EU Directive 2004/107/EC. Total depositions are determined as sum of dry and wet fractions collected by passive exposure of a HDPE bottle/cylindrical funnel system with standardised dimensions, for one month exposure time. The deposited samples are filtrated, then both the particulate matter collected on filter and the filtrate are processed and carried out according to UNI EN 14902-2005 method.



PM10

Distribution of metals content (% on weight) in Stack Emissions and PM10 with respect to the sum of Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn and Fe (divided by 5 for a better reading)

DEPOSITIONS

Distribution of metals content (% on weight) in depositions with respect to the sum of Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn and Fe (divided by 5 for a better reading)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Cr Ni Mn Fe/5 Zn

Stack Emissions

PM10 Industrial

Area

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Cr Ni Mn Fe/5 Zn

Roof Building Steel Mill

Industrial Area

Supermarket Deposition

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Cr Ni Mn Fe/5 Zn

Roof Building Steel Mill Slag Composition

Comparison between metal slag composition and the fingerprint of depositions of the roof of the steel mill building



PM10 Depositions

0

5

10

15

20

25

Cr Ni Pb

ng

/m3

Aosta

Plaine of Aosta

Lower Valley

Rural Area

0

50

100

150

200

250

Cr Ni Pb Zn

(µg m

-2d

-1)

Aosta

Plaine of Aosta

Lower Valley

Rural Area



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

Mila

no

Bre

scia

Bo

lzano

Ve

rona

Ve

nezia

Pa

dova

Udin

e

Pa

rma

Pe

rugia

Rom

a

To

rin

o

Aosta

– U

rban A

rea

Aosta

– I

ndustr

ial A

rea

ng/m

³

Aosta industrial area

Aosta Urban Area

LIMIT VALUE dir. 2008/50/EC

Other italian cities





4,51

9,3 8,5 9,9

4,19 0,03

4,3 5

11

2,3

22

5

68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

µg

m-2

d-1

STANDARD LEVEL GERMANY (TA LUFT)

223

Chemical characterization of metal content of stack and diffuse emissions of the steel mill allowed to determine two different fingerprints referable to primary and secondary emissions of steelmaking processes respectively

Fine particles (PM10) disperse uniformly along the urban area and the Plaine of Aosta

Cr and Ni content in PM10 in these areas are determined by steel mill primary emissions, and result significantly higher respect to other Italian cities.

Conversely, in the Lower Valley, metals levels in PM10 are comparable with rural areas.

Coarse particles from diffuse emissions determine critical levels of deposition of Cr and Ni in urban area, comparable with levels measured near metal processing plants and higher with respect to TALuft – Germany standard values.



Taking into account these results, appropriate management and technical measures should be applied to prevent diffuse emissions and to reduce stack emissions from steelmaking process.

air quality management at urban regional and … · uni en 14902-2005. measurements of metals in...

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