Air pollution

BY:- ANAS HARUNA INDABAWA

CONTENT Definition

Air pollutants

Classification Primary Air Pollution

Secondary air Pollution

Source of air pollution

Gases

Particles

Effect of Air pollution

On human health

On Animals

On plants

On Materials

On Climates

Control of Air pollution

Cyclone collector

Electrostatic precipitator

AIR POLLUTION

DEFINATIONAir pollution is basically the presence of

foreign substances in air in excessive

concentration which adversely affect the well

being of the individual or causes damage to

property.

According to World Health Organization,

air pollution is defined as “substances put into

air by activity of mankind into concentration

sufficient to cause harmful effect to his health,

vegetables, property, or interfere with the

enjoyment of of his property.”

AIR POLLUTANTS Particles:- Dust, Smoke, Fly ash

Carbon monoxide

Carbon dioxide

Ammonia

Sulphur dioxide

Nitrogen oxide

Hydrogen cyanide

Hydrogen sulphide

Hydrogen floride

Chlorine

Phosgene

Asbestors

Aldehydes

Radiations

Hydocarbons

CLASSIFICATION

PRIMARY AIR POLLUTION

The poisonous gases and

undesirable chemical which cause air

pollution. They are emitted directly

to the atmosphere.

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

Hydocarbons (HCs)

Radio active compounds

Particles of metals

Pollens

Bacteria, etc.

SECONDARY AIR POLLUTION

Those which are produced in

the air by the interaction among two

or more primary air pollution.

Ozone (O3)

Peroxyacetyl nitrrate (PAN)

Formaldehyte

Formation of acid rain

Smog

Nitrogen oxide, etc.

SOUCE OF AIR POLLUTION

NATURAL Natural Contaminants

(fungi, spores, cysts, bacteria, methane, dust, etc.)

Carbon monoxide from methane gas

Volcanic Eruptions

Forest fire

Electric storms & solar flares

Salt spray from ocean

Dust storms

Hydrogen sulphite

Cosmic dust

MAN-MADE SOURCE

Emission from vehicle

Rapid industrialization

Agricultural activities

War fares

Automobile revolution

Deforestation, etc.

Burning of fossils fuel

EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION

ON HUMAN HEALTHEye irritation can be caused by mainly air pollutant

such as NOX, O3, PAN, pesticides, etc.

Increase in mortality and morbidity rate

Heavy metals, like lead may enters through lung cause poisoning

Dust particles can cause specific respiratory disease like silicosis, asbestosis, etc.

Cadmium particles cause cardiovascular disease, kidney and liver damage.

Nickel particles causes respiratory damage

Radioactive substances affect future generation.

Effect of Air pollution Contd… ON ANIMAL

Fluorine:- almost all farm animals, cattle, and sheep are susceptible to fluorine toxicity. Horses are quite resistant. Fluorine is a cumulative poison under conditions of continuous exposure to sub acute doses. Its effect include lack of appetite, rapid loss of weight, periodic diarrhea, etc.

Lead:- Chronic lead poisoning have been observed frequently in animals that have been grazing smelter and lead mines.it cause paralysis, and difficult in breathing.

Arsenic:- Acute case causes severe salivation, thirst, loss of appetite, paralysis and diarrhoea. In Chronic arsenic poisoning cause cough,diarrhoea, anaemia, abortion, paralysis and death.

Effect of Air pollution Contd…

ON PLANTS

Spraying pesticides, organic manure and

agricultural applications – affect the rate of

growth of plant

Destroy chlorophyll formation-disturb

photosynthesis

SO2 – decreases chlorophyll content- causes

chlorosis

NO2- permanent leaf fall

Ozone – Necrosis –dead area of leaf-damages the

leaves.

Effect of Air pollution Contd… ON MATERIAL

Corrosion

Abrasion

Deposition

Chemical attack on surface

Effect of Air pollution Contd…

ON CLIMATE

Increase in CO2 –Increase temperature of

atmosphere – ice and glaciers melt – flooding of

coastal towns – change rainfall pattern –

agricultural output changes.

Depletion of ozone layer- increase penetration of

harmful UV rays on earth – skin diseases,

sunburns, inactivation of RNA, DNA and protein

molecules.

CONTROL OF AIR

POLLUTION Planting more trees

Reducing vehicle exhausts

Using less polluting fuels

Using mass transport

Removal of particulate matter using electrostatic precipitator, cyclone filter, etc.

Industrial area should be cited far away from residential area.

Suitable chemical methods applied to remove hydrocarbons

Multi stage combustion process – suggested to remove oxides of nirogen

Control of Air Pollution Contd…

Activated carbon, charcoal, commercial

zeolite and pulverized lime stones can

be used to remove polluting gases by

absorption.

Use of tall chimneys reduces

concentration of air pollution at ground

level

CONTROL DEVICES FOR AIR CONTAMINATION

There are various types of control devices or equipment for removal of particulate matter as follows:

Settling chamber

Cyclone

Electrostatic precipitator

Bag filter

Dust collector

Spray tower

Multiple fixed-bed adsorber

Sieve plate or tray tower

Surface condenser

CYCLONE COLLECTOR

ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR

REFERENCE

S. Deswal, A. Deswal; “A basic course in Environmental studies” Second revised edition, Reprint:(2013) New delhi. Dhanpat Rai & CO. (P) LTD. Education and technical publioshers. Page 5.2-5.3

Health effects of outdoor air pollution. Committee of the Environmental and Occupational Health Assembly of the American Thoracic Society. (1996). [Comparative Study Review]. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 153(1), 3-50.

Say No

to

pollution