air pollution monitoring results for north minneapolis · 2018. 6. 15. · page 2 of 18 may 2018 |...

www.pca.state.mn.us

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

651-296-6300 | 800-657-3864 or use your preferred relay service | [email protected]

May 2018 | aq2-75 Avai lable in alternative formats

Air pollution monitoring results for North Minneapolis Total Suspended Particulates violations report for Lowry Avenue (909) and Pacific Street (910)

Violation of the Minnesota TSP Standards The Lowry Avenue (909) monitoring site has violated:

2014: secondary daily TSP standard

2015: primary and secondary daily TSP standards; primary and secondary annual TSP standards

2016: secondary daily TSP standard; secondary annual TSP standard


The Pacific Street (910) monitoring site has violated:




On October 1, 2014, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) began monitoring for Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) in an industrial area of North Minneapolis. This monitoring site is known as Lowry Avenue (909). In response to frequent exceedances of the state TSP standard at the Lowry Avenue site, on June 23, 2015, the MPCA began operating a second monitoring site, called Pacific Street (910), in the area approximately ¼ mile south of the existing monitor at Lowry Avenue. The addition of a second air-monitoring site in the area of the existing site provides important upwind/downwind pollution information that will help identify sources contributing to the exceedances and violations of the state TSP standard.

Both sites are located in an area that contains a mix of land uses including metals recyclers, manufacturing facilities, and retail. The nearest residential area is located approximately ¼ mile from the monitoring sites.

mailto:[email protected]

of 18 May 2018 | aq2-75

Monitoring site history

Lowry Avenue (909) The Lowry Avenue (909) monitoring site began operating on January 1, 2013 as a special purpose

monitoring study to measure fine particle (PM2.5) levels in North Minneapolis. In addition to measuring fine particles, the site also measured hourly wind direction and wind speed. The special purpose fine particle study concluded on December 30, 2014. Monitoring results are available on the MPCA’s website, https://www.pca.state.mn.us/air/north-minneapolis-air-monitoring-project.

On October 2, 2014, the MPCA added an air toxics monitoring platform to the Lowry Avenue site as part of the Community Air Monitoring Project. The air toxics monitoring platform includes 24-hour average measurements of TSP, metals, volatile organic compounds(VOCs), and carbonyls, which are collected once every six days. The Community Air Monitoring Project measures air pollution concentrations for a three-month period in communities that are a concern for environmental justice.

Within the first month of running the air toxics monitoring platform at the Lowry Avenue site, the site measured exceedances of the state TSP standard. By the end of 2014, the Lowry Avenue site violated the secondary daily TSP standard. Due to the violations of the TSP standard, the MPCA has continued the operations of the air toxics monitoring platform at the Lowry Avenue site beyond the planned three-month period.

Due to ongoing concerns with TSP levels at the Lowry Avenue site, in January 2015, the MPCA replaced the hourly PM2.5 monitor with an hourly PM10 monitor. The hourly PM10 monitor provides more time resolved data on larger particle levels near the monitoring site. On April 1, 2015 and September 15, 2015, the Lowry Avenue monitor exceeded the daily PM10 standard.

The Lowry Avenue monitoring site violated the secondary daily TSP standard in 2014, 2015, and 2016. The site also violated the primary daily TSP standard in 2015.

The Lowry Avenue monitoring site violated the primary and secondary annual TSP standard in 2015 and the secondary annual TSP standard in 2016.

Exceedance history at Lowry Avenue (909)

The primary daily TSP standard was exceeded on:

11/1/2014, 3/19/2015, 7/23/2015, 8/28/2015, 9/15/2015, 3/7/2016, and 11/27/2017

The secondary daily TSP standard was exceeded on:

2014: 10/26, 11/1

2015: 1/30, 2/23, 3/19, 7/11, 7/23, 8/22, 8/28, 9/9, 9/15, 9/21,

2016: 2/18, 3/7, 3/31, 4/12, 4/18, 5/6, 6/17, 7/11, 8/22, and 10/3

2017: 4/7, 9/22, 11/27, and 12/3

The daily PM10 standard was exceeded on 4/1/2015 and 9/15/2015

The Lowry Avenue site violated the secondary daily TSP standard in 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017, and the primary daily TSP standard in 2015.

The Lowry Avenue site violated the primary and secondary annual TSP standards in 2015, and the secondary annual TSP standard in 2016.

https://www.pca.state.mn.us/air/north-minneapolis-air-monitoring-project

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Pacific Street (910) The Pacific Street (910) monitoring site began operating on June 23, 2015 and includes hourly

measurements of PM10 and 24-hour average measurements of TSP and metals, which are collected once every six days.

Within the first two months of running the monitoring site at Pacific Street, the site had measured exceedances of the state TSP standard.

The Pacific Street monitoring site violated the secondary daily TSP standard in 2015, 2016 and 2017. The primary daily TSP standard was violated in 2016 and 2017.

Exceedance history at Pacific Street (910)

The primary daily TSP standard was exceeded on 10/15/2015, 2/12/2016, 2/24/2016, 3/1/2016, 3/25/2016, 5/6/2016, 5/12/2016, 5/18/2016, 5/24/2016, 2/24/2017, 4/7/2017, 5/31/2017, 6/30/2017, 7/6/2017, 7/12/2017, and 11/9/2017.

The secondary daily TSP standard was exceeded on:

2015: 6/29, 7/17, 7/23, 8/4, 8/10, 8/28, 9/9, 9/15, 10/15, 10/21, 11/21

2016: 1/19, 2/12, 2/24, 3/1, 3/25, 3/31, 4/12, 4/18, 5/6, 5/12, 5/18, 5/24, 6/23, 6/29, 7/5, 7/29, 8/10, 8/22, 10/21, 11/2, 11/8, 11/14, and 12/2.

2017: 2/24, 3/2, 3/14, 3/20, 4/7, 4/25, 5/31, 6/30, 7/6, 7/12, 7/18, 7/24, 8/11, 8/23, 9/28, 10/16, 11/9, and 11/21/

The daily PM10 standard was exceeded on 5/6/2016 and 8/1/2017.

The Pacific Street site violated the secondary daily TSP standard in 2015, 2016 and 2017; and the primary daily TSP standard in 2016 and 2017.

The Pacific Street site violated the primary and secondary annual TSP standard in 2016 and 2017.

Background on the TSP standards In Minnesota, TSP levels in the air are regulated through the Minnesota Ambient Air Quality Standards (MAAQS), which are established by Minn. R. 7009.0080. The MAAQS includes four distinct standards for TSP. These standards include:

Minnesota Ambient Air Quality Standards for TSP

Standard type Time interval Level of standard A monitoring site meets the standard if…

Primary1 Daily (24-hour)

260 micrograms per cubic meter

...the annual 2nd highest daily TSP concentration is less than or equal to 260 µg/m3

Annual 75 micrograms per cubic meter ...the annual geometric mean is less than or equal to 75 µg/m3

Secondary2 Daily (24-hour)

150 micrograms per cubic meter

...the annual 2nd highest daily TSP concentration is less than or equal to 150 µg/m3

Annual 60 micrograms per cubic meter ...the annual geometric mean is less than or equal to 60 µg/m3

1A primary s tandard is set to protect against human health effects associated with exposure to an a ir pollutant.

2A secondary s tandard is set to protect against environmental or public welfare effects associated with exposure to an air pol lutant.

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What is the difference between an exceedance and a violation? An exceedance occurs when an air concentration is greater than the level of the air quality standard.

A monitor can have measured exceedances of the air quality standard without violating the standard.

A violation occurs when a monitoring site fails the “attainment test” associated with an air quality standard. The “attainment test” includes a metric that incorporates the level and form of the standard. For example, for the primary daily TSP standard, the attainment test specifies that a monitoring site meets the standard if the annual second highest daily TSP concentration is less than or equal to 260 µg/m3. Therefore, a monitoring site would meet or “attain” the standard if it recorded one exceedance in a calendar year, but it would violate the standard if the monitor recorded two or more exceedances in a year.

Monitoring results compared to the TSP standards

Annual TSP standards A monitoring site meets the primary annual TSP standard when the annual geometric mean of measured TSP concentrations is less than or equal to 75 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3). A primary standard is set to protect against human health effects associated with exposure to an air pollutant.

A monitoring site meets the secondary annual TSP standard when the annual geometric mean of measured TSP concentrations is less than or equal to 60 µg/m3. A secondary standard is set to protect against environmental or public welfare effects associated with exposure to an air pollutant.

To assess compliance with the annual TSP standards, a monitoring site must have a complete year of monitoring data. Compliance with the annual TSP standards at the Lowry Avenue and Pacific Street sites is summarized in the table below.

TSP concentrations at Lowry Avenue and Pacific Street compared to the annual TSP standards

Site Year Annual geometric mean TSP concentration

Secondary standard (60 µg/m3)

Primary standard (75 µg/m3)

Lowry Avenue (909) 2015 80 µg/m3 violates violates

2016 73 µg/m3 violates meets

2017 60 µg/m3 meets meets

Pacific Street (910) 2016 104 µg/m3 violates violates

2017 109 µg/m3 violates violates

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Daily TSP standards A monitoring site meets the primary daily TSP standard when the second highest daily average TSP concentration is less than or equal to 260 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3). A primary standard is set to protect against human health effects associated with exposure to an air pollutant.

A monitoring site meets the secondary daily TSP standard when the second highest daily average TSP concentration is less than or equal to 150 µg/m3. A secondary standard is set to protect against environmental or public welfare effects associated with exposure to an air pollutant.

Compliance with the daily TSP standards at the Lowry Avenue and Pacific Street sites is summarized in the table below. In addition, the charts on the following pages identify samples that exceed the level of the primary and secondary daily TSP standards. If a sample exceeds the primary daily TSP standard, it also exceeds the secondary daily TSP standard. If a monitoring site measures two exceedances of the daily TSP standard in a calendar year, that site has violated that standard.

TSP concentrations at Lowry Avenue and Pacific Street compared to the daily TSP standards

Site Year 2nd highest 24-hour average TSP concentration

Secondary standard (150 µg/m3)

Primary standard (260 µg/m3)

Lowry Avenue (909) 2014 152 µg/m3 violates meets




Pacific Street (910) 2015 249 µg/m3 violates meets



Daily TSP concentrations at the Lowry Avenue site compared to the daily TSP standards, 2014

In 2014, the Lowry Avenue monitoring site had two measured exceedances of the secondary daily TSP standard and one exceedance of the primary daily TSP standard. In 2014, the Lowry Avenue monitor violated the secondary daily TSP

Standard.

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In 2015, the Lowry Avenue monitoring site measured ten exceedances of the secondary daily TSP standard and four

exceedances of the primary daily TSP standard. In 2015, the Lowry Avenue monitor violated the primary and secondary daily TSP standards.


In 2016, the Lowry Avenue monitoring site measured ten exceedances of the secondary daily TSP standard and one exceedance of the primary daily TSP standard. In 2016, the Lowry Avenue monitor violated the secondary daily TSP standard.

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In 2017, the Lowry Avenue monitoring site has measured four exceedances of the secondary daily TSP standard and one exceedance of the primary daily TSP standard. In 2017, the Lowry Avenue monitor has violated the secondary daily TSP standard.


In 2018, the Lowry Avenue monitoring has one measured exceedance of the secondary daily TSP standard.

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of 18 May 2018 | aq2-75

Daily TSP concentrations at the Pacific Street site compared to the daily TSP standards, 2015

In 2015, the Pacific Street monitoring site measured eleven exceedances of the secondary daily TSP standard and one exceedance of the primary daily TSP standard. In 2015, the Pacific Street monitor violated the secondary daily TSP standard.


In 2016, the Pacific Street monitoring site measured 23 exceedances of the secondary daily TSP standard and eight exceedances of the primary daily TSP standard. In 2016, the Pacific Street monitoring site violated the primary and

secondary daily TSP standards.

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168 166165 156150 149132130 129122 122 113112 1101019997

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20

16

-09

-27

20

16

-10

-03

20

16

-10

-09

20

16

-10

-15

20

16

-10

-21

20

16

-10

-27

20

16

-11

-02

20

16

-11

-08

20

16

-11

-14

20

16

-11

-20

20

16

-11

-26

20

16

-12

-02

20

16

-12

-08

20

16

-12

-14

20

16

-12

-20

20

16

-12

-26

Daily

TS

P C

oncentr

ation (

ug/m

3)


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In 2017, the Pacific Street monitoring site measured 18 exceedances of the secondary daily TSP standard and seven exceedances of the primary daily TSP standard. In 2017, the Pacific Street monitoring site violated the primary and secondary daily TSP standards.


In 2018, the Pacific Street monitoring site has measured eight exceedances of the secondary daily TSP standard and two exceedances of the primary daily TSP standard. In 2018, the Pacific Street monitoring site has violated the primary and secondary daily TSP standard.

569

329307305305

288271

245237 236231226 222

187174 165162 154 145141134 134133 133126 125 125123 123117 117 116115

106 100969292 9081 81 8177 767465 616158 524846 4242 403938 33 3215

0

200

400

20

17

-01

-01

20

17

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-07

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-01

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-25

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-25

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-31

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-18

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-24

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17

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-30

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-07

-06

20

17

-07

-12

20

17

-07

-18

20

17

-07

-24

20

17

-07

-30

20

17

-08

-05

20

17

-08

-11

20

17

-08

-17

20

17

-08

-23

20

17

-08

-29

20

17

-09

-04

20

17

-09

-10

20

17

-09

-16

20

17

-09

-22

20

17

-09

-28

20

17

-10

-04

20

17

-10

-10

20

17

-10

-16

20

17

-10

-22

20

17

-10

-28

20

17

-11

-03

20

17

-11

-09

20

17

-11

-15

20

17

-11

-21

20

17

-11

-27

20

17

-12

-03

20

17

-12

-09

20

17

-12

-15

20

17

-12

-21

20

17

-12

-27

Daily

TS

P C

oncentr

ation (

ug/m

3)


349

276

229

212

171168 164 162

145

126 125

11197

77 77

62594945

36 342721 18

0

100

200

300

20

18

-01

-02

20

18

-01

-08

20

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-14

20

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-26

20

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-01

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-15

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18

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-27

20

18

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20

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20

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18

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20

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-14

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-20

Daily

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P C

oncentr

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ug/m

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of 18 May 2018 | aq2-75

Monitoring results compared to the PM10 standard

In Minnesota, PM10 levels in the air are regulated through the National Ambient Air Quality Standards and the MAAQS. The MAAQS are defined in Minn.R. 7009.0080. The PM10 standards include:

Ambient air quality standards for PM10

Standard Type Time Interval Level of Standard A monitoring site meets the standard if…

National and

State Standard Daily (24-hour)

150 micrograms per cubic

meter

...the standard is not exceeded more than once

per year, on average, over 3-years

Daily PM10 standard

A monitoring site meets the daily PM10 standard when the level of the standard is not exceeded more than once per year, on average, over three years. Since monitoring began in January 2015, the Lowry Avenue site has measured two exceedances of the daily PM10 standard. Based on monitoring data collected from 2015-2017, the Lowry Avenue monitoring site meets the daily PM10 standard.

Daily PM10 concentrations at the Lowry Avenue site compared to the daily PM10 standards, 2015


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Since monitoring began in July 2015, the Pacific Street site has three measured exceedances of the daily PM10

standard. For the 2015-2017 three-year compliance period, the Pacific Street site had two measured exceedances of the daily PM10 standard. For the 2016-2018 three-year compliance period, the Pacific Street site has two measured exceedances of the daily PM10 standard. If the Pacific Street monitor measures one additional PM10 exceedance in 2018, the Pacific Street site will violate the daily PM10 standard.

of 18 May 2018 | aq2-75

Daily PM10 concentrations at the Pacific Street site compared to the daily PM10 standards, 2015


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Monitoring results compared to the lead standard In Minnesota, lead levels in the air are regulated through the National Ambient Air Quality Standards and the MAAQS.

Ambient Air Quality Standards for Lead

Standard type Time interval Level of standard A monitoring site meets the standard if…

National and State standard

Rolling three-month

0.15 micrograms per cubic meter

...the three-month roll ing average does not exceed the level of the standard, over three years.

Note: For lead, the primary and secondary s tandards are identical.

Rolling three-month lead standard

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A monitoring site meets the rolling three-month lead standard when the maximum three-month rolling average lead concentration is less than or equal to the level of the standard, over three years. The current maximum three-month rolling average lead concentration at the Lowry Avenue site is 0.12 µg/m3, which is 80% of the lead standard. The maximum three-month rolling average lead concentration at Pacific Street is 0.08 µg/m3, which is 53% of the lead standard. To date, both sites meet the three-month rolling average lead standard.

Rolling three-month average lead concentrations at Lowry Avenue compared to the lead standard

Rolling three-month average lead concentrations at Pacific Street compared to the lead standard

Pollution rose analysis

A pollution rose combines air pollution concentrations with wind direction information to identify the direction the air moved while the air sample was collected. A pol lution rose can be used to help identify sources contributing to elevated pollutant concentrations.

Total suspended particulate pollution roses The pollution roses for TSP includes daily average TSP concentrations from the Lowry Avenue and Pacific Street sites and the 24-hour vector averaged wind direction collected at the Lowry Avenue site. The Lowry Avenue pollution rose (left) suggests that elevated TSP concentrations occur on days when the wind is primarily blowing

of 18 May 2018 | aq2-75

from the south, southeast, or southwest. The Pacific Street pollution rose (right) suggests that elevated TSP concentrations occur on days when the wind is blowing primarily from any direction other than the northeast and the southwest. Due to the ground level site location and relatively low wind speeds, it is more difficult to identify the direction and sources that may have contributed to the high TSP concentrations at the Pacific Street monitor.

Daily average TSP pollution rose: Lowry Avenue (left) and Pacific Street (right)

These TSP pollution roses describe daily average TSP concentrations as a function of the daily average wind direction on the day the TSP sample was collected.

A polar plot combines air pollution concentrations with wind direction and wind speeds to identify the wind direction and speeds associated with elevated TSP concentrations. The TSP polar plot for Lowry Avenue, shown on the left side of the next page, suggests that the highest TSP concentrations tend to occur at the Lowry Avenue site when the daily average wind direction is from the south and when the daily average wind speeds range from 5-10 miles per hour. The TSP polar plot for the Pacific Street monitor, shown on the right side of the next page, suggests that the highest TSP concentrations tend to occur when the daily average wind direction is from the north, northwest, west, southwest, or south and when the daily average wind speed ranges from 2-6 miles per hour. The Pacific Street monitor is near ground level. Based on the data, ground level sources are influencing the results recorded by this monitor. These sources may include roadway emissions generated by vehicles or other ground level dust sources.

Daily average TSP polar plot: Lowry Avenue (left) and Pacific Street (right)

of 18 May 2018 | aq2-75

TSP polar plots describe daily average TSP concentrations as a function of the daily average wind direction and wind speed.

PM10 pollution roses Because TSP is collected once every six days and air pollution concentrations and wind direction can change frequently, a TSP pollution rose may not fully characterize the prominent wind directions associated with elevated air pollution concentrations. A PM10 pollution rose can help fill in this gap. While TSP includes larger particles than PM10, PM10 pollution is included in TSP measurements. Therefore, the PM10 results can be an indicator of TSP concentrations.

The Lowry Avenue pollution rose for PM10 includes hourly PM10 concentrations and hourly wind direction results collected at the Lowry Avenue site. The pollution rose on the left includes all hourly PM10 concentration and wind direction results collected between January 6, 2015 and May 31, 2018. The pollution rose on the right includes all hourly PM10 concentrations greater than or equal to 150 µg/m3 collected during the same period. The hourly PM10 pollution rose for the Lowry Avenue site shows that the highest hourly PM10 concentrations are found during hours when the wind is blowing from the south.

Hourly average PM10 pollution rose: Lowry Avenue (909)

PM10 pollution roses describe hourly average PM10 concentrations as a function of the hourly average wind direction during

the hour the PM10 sample was collected at the Lowry Avenue monitoring site.

The Pacific Street pollution rose for PM10 includes hourly PM10 concentrations collected at the Pacific Street site and hourly wind direction results collected at the Lowry Avenue site. The pollution rose on the left includes all hourly PM10 concentration and wind direction results collected between June 24, 2015 and May 31, 2018. The pollution rose on the right includes all hourly PM10 concentrations greater than or equal to 150 µg/m3 collected during the same period. The hourly PM10 pollution rose for the Pacific Street site shows that the highest hourly PM10 concentrations are found during hours when the wind is blowing from north, northwest, and southwest.

of 18 May 2018 | aq2-75

Hourly average PM10 pollution rose: Pacific Street (910)

These PM10 pollution roses describe hourly average PM10 concentrations as a function of the hourly average wind direction

during the hour the PM10 sample was collected at the Pacific Street site. Note: the wind direction data included in these charts was collected at the Lowry Avenue monitoring site.

Hourly average PM10 polar plot: Lowry Avenue (left) and Pacific Street (right)

These PM10 polar plots describe hourly average PM10 concentrations as a function of the hourly average wind direction and wind speed. The Lowry Avenue PM10 polar plot (left), shows elevated PM10 concentrations when the wind direction is from the south and southeast and when wind speeds range from 5-20 miles per hour. The Pacific Street PM10 polar plot (right), shows elevated PM10 concentrations when the wind direction is from the north, northwest, southwest or south and when

wind speeds range from 4-14 miles per hour.

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Detailed analysis of TSP exceedance days Previous versions of this document included a detailed description of each TSP exceedance day measu red at the Lowry Avenue (909) and Pacific Street (910) monitoring sites. To improve the accessibility of this document, the detailed analysis of TSP exceedance days is now available upon request. To request a copy of the TSP exceedance day analysis, please call 651-296-6300 or 800-657-3864 and ask for the Air Data Analysis Staff.

air pollution monitoring results for north minneapolis · 2018. 6. 15. · page 2 of 18 may 2018 |...

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