Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere.

International Agreements on Climate Change

Montreal Protocol (1987)

Kyoto Protocol (2005)

The Things InvolveThe Things Involve

Carbon Monoxide

Sulfur Dioxide

Nitrogen Dioxide

Particulate Matter

Ground Level Ozone

The Things InvolveThe Things Involve

Carbon Monoxide

Sulfur Dioxide

Nitrogen Dioxide

Particulate Matter

Ground Level Ozone

Carbon Monoxide

colorless, odorless

produced when carbon does not burn in fossil fuels

present in car exhaust

deprives body of O2 causing headaches, fatigue, and impaired vision

Sulfur Dioxideproduced when coal and fuel oil are burned

present in power plant exhaust

narrows the airway, causing wheezing and shortness of breath, especially in those with asthma

Nitrogen Dioxidereddish, brown gas

produced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen in the atmosphere

present in car exhaust and power plants

affects lungs and causes wheezing; increases chance of respiratory infection

Particulate Matterparticles of different sizes and structures that are released into the atmosphere

present in many sources including fossil fuels, dust, smoke, fog, etc.

can build up in respiratory system

aggravates heart and lung disease; increases risk of respiratory infection

Ground Level Ozoneat upper level, ozone shields Earth from sun’s harmful UV rays

at ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants

formed from car, power and chemical plant exhaust

irritate respiratory system and asthma; reduces lung function by inflaming and damaging lining of lungs

These 5 together form.....

Smog Acid Rain Green House

Effect Hole in Ozone

Layer Indoor Air Pollution

•Combination of gases with water vapor and dust

•Combination of words smoke and fog

•Forms when heat and sunlight react gases (photochemical smog)

•Occurs often with heavy traffic, high temperatures, and calm winds

SMOG

•1st smog related deaths were in London in 1873; death toll 500 people; can you imagine how much worse the atmosphere is now?!

•Limits visibility

•Decreases UV radiation

•Yellow/black color over cities

•Causes respiratory problems and bronchial related deaths

Its effects.....

Acid Rain

contains high levels of sulfuric or nitric acids

contaminate drinking water and vegetation

damage aquatic life erode buildings Alters the chemical equilibrium of

some soils

Acid rain causes acidification of lakes and streams .

It contributes to the damage of trees and many sensitive forest soils.

It accelerates the decay of building materials and paints, including irreplaceable buildings, statues, and sculptures that are part of our nation's cultural heritage.

Its Effects……

It generally comes from the build up of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is produced when fuels are burned. America’s power plants are our biggest industrial polluters. Each year they pump more than two billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air. Carbon pollution is causing climate change that drives dangerous heat waves and worsening smog pollution, which causes asthma attacks and other serious respiratory illnesses. In this type of pollution sun rays go into the atmosphere and they are trapped by greenhouse-gasses. So the temperature on the earth raise.

Greenhouse effect

Sources of GHG’s

Hole in the ozone layer

It is another result of air pollution.

Chemicals released by our activities affect the stratosphere.

Release of CFC from heating, aerosol cans , rockets, refrigerator equipment's remove some of the ozone , causing “ HOLES” .

Indoor Air Pollution

It’s more dangerous than the outdoor pollution, because we do everything in enclosed environments where air circulation may be restricted. There are many sources of indoor air pollution: tobacco smoke, cooking and heating appliances, and vapors from building materials.

Sources of Outside Air Pollution

Combustion of gasoline and other hydrocarbon fuels in cars, trucks, and airplanes

Burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal, and dinosaur bones)

Insecticides Herbicides Everyday radioactive

fallouts Dust from fertilizers Mining operations Livestock feedlots

A major form of air pollution is emissions given off by vehicles.

The number of cars in EU has doubled between 1970 and 1994 – 3% per year

Health Effects

Air pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide also have harmful effects on natural ecosystems.  They can kill plants and trees by destroying their leaves, and can kill animals, especially fish in highly polluted riversOlder people are highly vulnerable to diseases induced by air pollution.  Those with heart or lung disorders are under additional risk.

Ride your bicycle

Tell your friends and family about pollution

Make sure your parents get pollution checks on their cars

Ride the Public Transport

Learn more; stay up to date

Join a group to stop pollution

Recycle your home waste (plastic bottles,

bags)

Encourage your parents to carpool to work

Switch off lights, fan, heat, etc. when you leave the room

Use Reusable things instead of Disposable

Credits……

Adeel Rafiq (BSCE01103167)Tayyab Ali (BSCE01103157)Nouman Ashraf (BSCE01103033)Awais Sadiq (BSCE01103016)Shahid Amin (BSCE01103012)

http://edugreen.teri.in/explore/air.htm

http://www.oneworld.net/penguin/pollution/pollution_home.html

http://www.rcc.org/oem/aqindex.html

http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/air/monops/lessoms/mathlesson.html

Links……