ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Ms.SHIVANGI SAXENAAssitant ProfessorDepartment of BiotechnologyBaba Farid College

Air Pollution

Water Pollution

Acid Rain

Biomagnification

Eutrophication

Soil Pollution

Solid Wastes

Noise Pollution

Pollution : Undesirable changes in physical,chemical or biological characteristics of environment air,water,soil and land that has potiental to adversely affect human beings,natural resources, industrial process.

Natural: forest fires, pollen, dust storm, Nitrogen oxide,volcanic eruption, soil erosion, uv rays.

Unnatural: man-Burrning of fossil fuels,mining,sewage,pesticides and fertilizers,Noise

energy

Pollutant

Biodegrable Pollutant Non Biodegrable Pollutant

Air Pollution Addition of particles,gases,chemicals into the atmosphere that affect human health,animals,vegetation ,natural resourcesSubstances and factor which cause air pollution are called Air Pollutants.Air pollutant : 2 types- Primary and Secondary Air Pollutant

5 Major Pollutants :5 Major Pollutants :

1 . . ) Carbon Monoxide

2. ) Sulfur Dioxide

3. ) Nitrogen Dioxide

4. ) Part iculate Matter

5. ) Ground Level

Ozone

Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide

•colorless, odorless

•produced when carbon does not burn in fossil fuels

•present in car exhaust

•deprives body of O2 causing headaches, fatigue, and impaired vision

Sulfur DioxideSulfur Dioxide

•Produced in large quantity during smelting of metallic ores

•Burning of petroleum,coal in industries and thermal plant

•Effects:

•Causes chlorosis and necrosis of vegetation

Membrane damage,irritation to eyes,injury to respiratory tract

Discolouration of building,fabrics.

Nitrogen DioxideNitrogen Dioxide

•reddish, brown gas

•produced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen in the atmosphere

•present in car exhaust and power plants

•affects lungs and causes wheezing; increases chance of respiratory infection

Particulate MatterParticulate Matter

•particles of different sizes and structures that are released into the atmosphere

•present in many sources including fossil fuels, dust, smoke, fog, etc.

•can build up in respiratory system

•aggravates heart and lung disease; increases risk of respiratory infection

Ground Level OzoneGround Level Ozone

•at upper level, ozone shields Earth from sun’s harmful UV rays

•at ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants

•formed from car, power and chemical plant exhaust

•irritate respiratory system and asthma; reduces lung function by inflaming and damaging lining of lungs

•Combination of gases with water vapor and dust

•Combination of words smoke and fog

•Forms when heat and sunlight react gases (photochemical smog)

•Occurs often with heavy traffic, high temperatures, and calm winds

•1st smog related deaths were in London in 1873; death till 500 people; can you imagine how much worse the atmosphere is now?!

•Limits visibility

•Decreases UV radiation

•Yellow/black color over cities

•Causes respiratory problems and bronchial related deaths

Photochemical Smog Grey or yellowish brown Opaque smogIst reported in Los AngelesIn 1940 Formed at high temp Over cities and town dueTo air,emmision of NO &Carbon from automobiles Exhausts & solar flares

Classical Smog(London Smog)

Occur at low tempContain sulphur gases,smoke and dust particles

Dark Brown and opaque

Formed by condensation of water vapours with Hydrogen sulphide and sulphur dioxide over dust or smoke particles.

Occured in london during Dec 1952 when it affected 50% of population.

Control of Air Pollution

It can be achieved by

Low sulphur fossil fuelReduction in EmissionZoning of industries away from human settlement .Destroying pollutants by thermal or catalytic combustionChanging pollutants to less toxic forms By precipitation of pollutant

•Ride your bike

•Tell your friends and family about pollution

•Make sure your parents get pollution checks on their cars

•Ride the school bus

•Learn more; stay up to date

•Join a group to stop pollution

•Switch off lights, fan, heat, etc. when you leave the room

Control of Particulate Matter: -

Two type of devices

ArrestersCyclonic separtorsGravity Settling ChamberFiltersElectrostatic Precipitators

Scrubbers

Cyclonic Separator

Particulate rich air is passed into a chamber where it is rotated

Centrifugal force causes settling of particulate while clean air is allowed to pass out

Gravity Settling ChambersDirty Air is passed through a large chamber.

Particulate settle down while cleaner air passes out

Filter

Large sized porous bags of polyester,polyprolene,Polyamide,teflon etc through which dry emission are passed under pressure to filter out particulate matter

Electrostatic Precipatators

EUTROPHICATION

BIOMAGNIFICATION EUTROPHICATION

Increase in concentration of non biodegradable substances in the food chains

Enrichment of water body with plant nutrients.

Found in all types of ecosystem

Found only in aquatic ecosystem.

Leads to toxicity in higher order consumers

Leads to death of most animals and plants.

There is no bloom formation

Bloom formation occurs in eutrophic water.

ACID RAIN

Thank for your kind Attention