air movement on earth
DESCRIPTION
Air Movement on Earth. Outline. What is wind? What causes it? What are some common wind patterns? Surface winds Jet stream Sea and land breezes. Earth is a rocky, inner planet with liquid water on over 70% of its surface. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Air Movementon Earth
![Page 2: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
– What is wind?– What causes it?– What are some common wind patterns?• Surface winds• Jet stream• Sea and land breezes
![Page 3: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Earth is a rocky, inner planet with liquid water on over 70% of its surface.
![Page 4: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Having two different types of surface (land and water) strongly affects the wind produced on Earth.– Which surface heats up more quickly?• Sand
– Which surface cools off more quickly?• Sand
![Page 5: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Which areas of the Earth receive more direct sunlight and therefore are hotter?– Equator gets more direct light and is therefore
hotter
![Page 6: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Do all areas of Earth have the same amount of sunlight all year long?– No! More sunlight hours in summer, therefore it’s
hotter.
![Page 7: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Surface type (land or water) and temperature (affected by direct/indirect light and hours of sunlight) can cause an uneven heating of Earth’s surface.
![Page 8: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• As air molecules heat up, they move apart and become less dense– This is called low air pressure
![Page 9: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Can you answer this?
Warm air rises because it is less dense
Cold air sinks because it is more dense
![Page 10: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What is Wind?• Wind is the movement of air from an area of
high pressure (cold) to an area of low pressure (warm)
![Page 11: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What areas of Earth will have colder (higher pressure) air?
Air near the poles
will be colder and
higher pressure.
![Page 12: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The high pressure air from the poles will flow towards the low pressure areas by the equator
• This causes wind• But it doesn’t flow
in a straight line as seen in this picture
• Why?
![Page 13: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Wind doesn’t travel in a straight line due to Earth’s rotation on its axis
![Page 14: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Wind (and water) in the Northern Hemisphere will turn to the right
• Wind (and water) in the Southern Hemisphere will turn to the left.
![Page 15: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
We see this spin in hurricanes
• N. Hemisphere storms spin counter clockwise
• S. Hemisphere storms spin clockwise
![Page 16: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
In which hemisphere is this hurricane occurring?
Northern Hemisphere, it’s spinning is counter clockwise
![Page 17: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
This curving of the wind is called the Coriolis Effect
• Does it affect the spinning of the water in my toilet?
• No, the water in the toilet in not a large enough body of water.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rdGtcZSFRLkCoriolis Effect on toilets?
![Page 18: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Wind Patterns
• Earth’s surface with different surface materials (land or water)
• Plus, the different amount of solar radiation received (direct or indirect light, and hours of light)
• Plus, the Coriolis effectAll add together to create distinct wind patterns
on Earth.
![Page 19: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Common Wind patterns
• Polar Easterlies
• Westerlies• Tradewinds• Doldrums
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qh011eAYjAAGlobal winds over a year
![Page 20: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Trade Winds were important to early explorers and for trade routes
![Page 22: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Jet Stream• A strong belt of wind in the upper
troposphere.• It flows from west to east. • Pilots take advantage of this when they fly to
the East coast.
![Page 23: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The jet stream is why we look to the west to find out what type of weather is moving our way.
![Page 24: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Local Wind Systems• Local areas near bodies of water experience
smaller scale wind patterns
![Page 25: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Sea breeze• During the day, air over the land is heated by
conduction.• The warmer, less dense air rises• The cooler (high pressure) ocean air moves
into the low pressure area, resulting in a sea breeze
![Page 26: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Land breeze• At night, air over the land cools quickly.• The cooler, less dense (high pressure) sinks
and moves towards the low pressure (warmer) air over the water.
• Resulting in a land breeze.
![Page 27: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Summary
• Warm air is less dense than cool air• Differences in density (temperature) and air
pressure cause air movement- wind• Coriolis effect causes the wind to turn• Wind patterns are observed in different lattitudes• A wind pattern seen high in the troposphere is
the jet stream• Sea breezes and land breezes are patterns of air
seen near bodies of water.
![Page 28: Air Movement on Earth](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062315/568164d0550346895dd6fc50/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Review Videos
• http://earth.nullschool.net/A visualization of global weather conditions forecast by supercomputers updated every three hours (open in Google Chrome) You can spin the globe and zoom in
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hD52H7rQakThe Sun as the driving force behind for wind and water currents and earth’s temperatures
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RzSqhrn2dDMReview of Wind